{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223158485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120945","title":"A nationwide effect-based assessment of ozone-dominant air pollution risk patterns and ageing-related inequality in China","display_name":"A nationwide effect-based assessment of ozone-dominant air pollution risk patterns and ageing-related inequality in China","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223158485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120945","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42906364"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120945","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651326012753/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13733787","display_name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","issn_l":"0147-6513","issn":["0147-6513","1090-2414"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651326012753/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427755","display_name":"Zhen He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8411-5005","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8411-5005","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0513-8645"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhen He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200093, China. Electronic address: zhenhe@tongji.edu.cn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200093, China. Electronic address: zhenhe@tongji.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115528080","display_name":"Jinghao Hei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8085-2234","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8085-2234"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["CN","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinghao Hei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Design and Innovation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200093, China; Department of Design, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20158, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Design and Innovation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200093, China; Department of Design, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20158, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780","https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047956771","display_name":"Otthein Herzog","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4781-2551","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4781-2551"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I210804748","display_name":"Acatech","ror":"https://ror.org/039jwf091","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I210804748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40246663","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3yke57","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40246663"]}],"countries":["CN","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Otthein Herzog","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; Chinese Academy of Engineering, Beijing, China; German Academy of Science and Engineering, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4781-2551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; Chinese Academy of Engineering, Beijing, China; German Academy of Science and Engineering, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899","https://openalex.org/I210804748","https://openalex.org/I40246663"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111229021","display_name":"Zhiqiang Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I210804748","display_name":"Acatech","ror":"https://ror.org/039jwf091","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I210804748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40246663","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3yke57","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40246663"]}],"countries":["CN","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200093, China; Chinese Academy of Engineering, Beijing, China; German Academy of Science and Engineering, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200093, China; Chinese Academy of Engineering, Beijing, China; German Academy of Science and Engineering, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780","https://openalex.org/I210804748","https://openalex.org/I40246663"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159165488","display_name":"Xiang Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Design and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China. Electronic address: lixiang@zjut.edu.cn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Design and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China. Electronic address: lixiang@zjut.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100427755","https://openalex.org/A5159165488"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780","https://openalex.org/I55712492"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7419341,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"325","issue":null,"first_page":"120945","last_page":"120945"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11002","display_name":"Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12259","display_name":"Environmental Justice and Health Disparities","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ozone","display_name":"ozone","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-pollution","display_name":"air pollution","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-risk-assessment","display_name":"health risk assessment","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aging","display_name":"aging","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exposure-response-relationship","display_name":"exposure-response relationship","score":0.3019999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559116025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollution","level":2,"score":0.7087000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.6909000277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.5893999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.44040000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.3968000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3846000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126314574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2364111","display_name":"Air quality index","level":2,"score":0.3831999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.3813000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987853052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollutants","level":3,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120359367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490032","display_name":"Chine","level":3,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.2662999927997589}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000393","descriptor_name":"Air Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000393","descriptor_name":"Air Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000397","descriptor_name":"Air Pollution","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000397","descriptor_name":"Air Pollution","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004781","descriptor_name":"Environmental Exposure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010126","descriptor_name":"Ozone","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010126","descriptor_name":"Ozone","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012621","descriptor_name":"Seasons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D052638","descriptor_name":"Particulate Matter","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D052638","descriptor_name":"Particulate Matter","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120945","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651326012753/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13733787","display_name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","issn_l":"0147-6513","issn":["0147-6513","1090-2414"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42906364","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42906364","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecotoxicology and environmental safety","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:435ceea1f16742778d993d8a0c6927b9","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/435ceea1f16742778d993d8a0c6927b9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol 325, Iss , Pp 120945- (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120945","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651326012753/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13733787","display_name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","issn_l":"0147-6513","issn":["0147-6513","1090-2414"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7250000238418579,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2990702352","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52308082","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223158485.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223158485.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105081038","https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W2109606373","https://openalex.org/W2607350314","https://openalex.org/W2765726697","https://openalex.org/W2890701797","https://openalex.org/W2903196128","https://openalex.org/W2942208331","https://openalex.org/W2990269116","https://openalex.org/W3000112296","https://openalex.org/W3013388959","https://openalex.org/W3096846826","https://openalex.org/W3135107140","https://openalex.org/W3172753416","https://openalex.org/W3190822217","https://openalex.org/W4210656250","https://openalex.org/W4211201372","https://openalex.org/W4220922527","https://openalex.org/W4309470490","https://openalex.org/W4321768404","https://openalex.org/W4327989389","https://openalex.org/W4380928914","https://openalex.org/W4384928029","https://openalex.org/W4385988265","https://openalex.org/W4386191462","https://openalex.org/W4386314553","https://openalex.org/W4386390424","https://openalex.org/W4386760972","https://openalex.org/W4387063656","https://openalex.org/W4389328416","https://openalex.org/W4389688060","https://openalex.org/W4390097102","https://openalex.org/W4391609267","https://openalex.org/W4391774646","https://openalex.org/W4392617342","https://openalex.org/W4392685385","https://openalex.org/W4392845096","https://openalex.org/W4393085837","https://openalex.org/W4394713849","https://openalex.org/W4396637486","https://openalex.org/W4396708306","https://openalex.org/W4399848847","https://openalex.org/W4401944613","https://openalex.org/W4402210696","https://openalex.org/W4402295785","https://openalex.org/W4402634925","https://openalex.org/W4404712475","https://openalex.org/W4404976553","https://openalex.org/W4405995959","https://openalex.org/W4406001537","https://openalex.org/W4406264652","https://openalex.org/W4406319902","https://openalex.org/W4406715172","https://openalex.org/W4408062443","https://openalex.org/W4410173478","https://openalex.org/W4411009886","https://openalex.org/W4411475191","https://openalex.org/W4411887164","https://openalex.org/W4414988398","https://openalex.org/W7116121169","https://openalex.org/W7123345045"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4221050092","https://openalex.org/W2388176280","https://openalex.org/W4399203519","https://openalex.org/W4316372036","https://openalex.org/W4401153908","https://openalex.org/W4296007969","https://openalex.org/W4380996409","https://openalex.org/W4403171794","https://openalex.org/W4396948898","https://openalex.org/W4210975447"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Air":[0],"pollution":[1],"and":[2,45,48,66,69,77,81,107,137,149,169,195],"urban":[3,135,147,174],"warming":[4],"are":[5],"increasingly":[6,14,170],"intertwined,":[7],"with":[8,101,117,133,141,156],"heat-enhanced":[9],"photochemistry":[10],"making":[11],"ozone":[12,47],"an":[13,29],"important":[15],"concern":[16],"for":[17,41,85,191],"population":[18,157],"health":[19,33],"even":[20],"where":[21],"PM":[22,43,103],"2.5":[23,44,104],"has":[24],"declined.":[25],"Here":[26],"we":[27,72],"develop":[28],"interpretable":[30],"machine-learning":[31],"environmental":[32,196],"framework":[34],"to":[35,49],"characterize":[36],"non-linear":[37],"long-term":[38],"exposure-response":[39],"patterns":[40,53],"cold-season":[42],"warm-season":[46],"compare":[50],"pollutant-specific":[51],"risk":[52,99,184,193],"over":[54,112,176],"time.":[55],"Using":[56],"cancer":[57],"panel":[58],"data":[59],"from":[60],"813":[61],"counties":[62],"in":[63,97,144,172,182],"China":[64],"(2018\u20132019)":[65],"multi-source":[67],"exposure":[68],"contextual":[70],"indicators,":[71],"estimate":[73],"model-based":[74],"reference":[75],"thresholds":[76],"construct":[78],"threshold-anchored":[79],"exceedance":[80],"normalized":[82],"excess-hazard":[83],"indices":[84],"cross-year":[86],"spatiotemporal":[87,192],"comparison":[88],"across":[89],"2017\u20132023.":[90],"The":[91,122],"resulting":[92],"indicators":[93,190],"suggest":[94],"a":[95,114],"divergence":[96],"pollutant-related":[98],"patterns,":[100],"lower":[102],"-related":[105],"pressure":[106,111],"more":[108],"prominent":[109],"ozone-related":[110,183],"time,":[113,177],"pattern":[115,124,161],"consistent":[116],"strengthening":[118],"temperature-O":[119],"3":[120],"coupling.":[121],"spatial":[123,180],"of":[125],"the":[126,145,150,159],"ozone-dominance":[127,160],"index":[128],"shows":[129],"clustered":[130],"hotspots":[131],"aligned":[132],"major":[134],"agglomerations":[136],"densely":[138],"populated":[139],"corridors,":[140],"notable":[142],"concentrations":[143],"Sichuan-Chongqing":[146],"cluster":[148],"Yangtze":[151],"River":[152],"Delta.":[153],"When":[154],"combined":[155],"ageing,":[158],"indicates":[162],"compound":[163],"vulnerability":[164],"that":[165],"is":[166],"unevenly":[167],"distributed":[168],"concentrated":[171],"higher-ageing":[173],"areas":[175],"suggesting":[178],"growing":[179],"inequality":[181],"patterns.":[185],"These":[186],"findings":[187],"provide":[188],"effect-anchored":[189],"surveillance":[194],"safety":[197],"prioritization":[198],"under":[199],"evolving":[200],"air-pollution":[201],"regimes.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2026-10-22T00:00:00"}
