{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223136090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.14.759240","title":"Repetitive suprathreshold paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation alters corticospinal excitability","display_name":"Repetitive suprathreshold paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation alters corticospinal excitability","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223136090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.14.759240"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.14.759240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.14.759240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.14.759240","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/21/2026.10.14.759240.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/21/2026.10.14.759240.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159180717","display_name":"Suraj Suresh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137740","display_name":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03e3kts03","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259444","display_name":"Adelaide University","ror":"https://ror.org/028g18b61","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suraj Suresh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia","School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, College of Health, Adelaide University, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, College of Health, Adelaide University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025036753","display_name":"Wei\u2010Yeh Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8912-9796","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8912-9796"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259444","display_name":"Adelaide University","ror":"https://ror.org/028g18b61","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Yeh Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, College of Health, Adelaide University, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, College of Health, Adelaide University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159175661","display_name":"Tahnee Thatcher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259444","display_name":"Adelaide University","ror":"https://ror.org/028g18b61","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tahnee Thatcher","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, College of Health, Adelaide University, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, College of Health, Adelaide University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159213456","display_name":"Isabelle Villalta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259444","display_name":"Adelaide University","ror":"https://ror.org/028g18b61","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabelle Villalta","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Allied Health and Human Performance, College of Health, Adelaide University, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Allied Health and Human Performance, College of Health, Adelaide University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159213627","display_name":"Victoria Prowse","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137740","display_name":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03e3kts03","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259444","display_name":"Adelaide University","ror":"https://ror.org/028g18b61","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victoria Prowse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia","School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, College of Health, Adelaide University, Australia","School of Psychology, College of Education, Behavioural and Social Sciences, Adelaide University, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, College of Health, Adelaide University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, College of Education, Behavioural and Social Sciences, Adelaide University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159175758","display_name":"Marissa Marina Holden","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137740","display_name":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03e3kts03","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259444","display_name":"Adelaide University","ror":"https://ror.org/028g18b61","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marissa Holden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia","School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, College of Health, Adelaide University, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, College of Health, Adelaide University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023383755","display_name":"Mana Biabani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0242-0266","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0242-0266"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mana Biabani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037328596","display_name":"George M. Opie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7771-7569","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7771-7569"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259444","display_name":"Adelaide University","ror":"https://ror.org/028g18b61","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George M. Opie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, College of Health, Adelaide University, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7771-7569","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, College of Health, Adelaide University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040867578","display_name":"Mitchell R. Goldsworthy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0688-9475","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0688-9475"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137740","display_name":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03e3kts03","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259444","display_name":"Adelaide University","ror":"https://ror.org/028g18b61","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitchell R. Goldsworthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia","School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, College of Health, Adelaide University, Australia","School of Psychology, College of Education, Behavioural and Social Sciences, Adelaide University, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, College of Health, Adelaide University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, College of Education, Behavioural and Social Sciences, Adelaide University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074453122","display_name":"Nigel C. Rogasch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4484-1069","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4484-1069"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137740","display_name":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03e3kts03","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259444","display_name":"Adelaide University","ror":"https://ror.org/028g18b61","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nigel C. Rogasch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia","School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, College of Health, Adelaide University, Australia","Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, College of Health, Adelaide University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074453122"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137740","https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I56590836","https://openalex.org/I5681781"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corticospinal-excitability","display_name":"corticospinal excitability","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-interval-intracortical-inhibition","display_name":"long-interval intracortical inhibition","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-evoked-potentials","display_name":"motor evoked potentials","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-motor-cortex","display_name":"primary motor cortex","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interstimulus-interval","display_name":"interstimulus interval","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-cortex-excitability","display_name":"motor cortex excitability","score":0.49399998784065247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778581513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263962","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","level":3,"score":0.9527999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.7261000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778373776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18696","display_name":"Motor cortex","level":3,"score":0.6933000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780307956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18707","display_name":"Primary motor cortex","level":4,"score":0.5300999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779779279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19915308","display_name":"Corticospinal tract","level":4,"score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47611674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849491","display_name":"Neuroplasticity","level":2,"score":0.47929999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138370407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16944465","display_name":"Interstimulus interval","level":3,"score":0.4413999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778823896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618678","display_name":"Evoked potential","level":2,"score":0.42890000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85884249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7514754","display_name":"Silent period","level":4,"score":0.4251999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185263204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154774","display_name":"Electrophysiology","level":2,"score":0.3815999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778583998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q968731","display_name":"Pyramidal tracts","level":2,"score":0.35850000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985799443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955838","display_name":"Brain stimulation","level":3,"score":0.335099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17077164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185869","display_name":"Inhibitory postsynaptic potential","level":2,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171139928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915553","display_name":"Motor system","level":2,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777348757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2346577","display_name":"Cortex (anatomy)","level":2,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112592302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207387","display_name":"Excitatory postsynaptic potential","level":3,"score":0.26010000705718994}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.14.759240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.14.759240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.14.759240","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/21/2026.10.14.759240.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.14.759240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.14.759240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.14.759240","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/21/2026.10.14.759240.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223136090.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223136090.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005010134","https://openalex.org/W2069795666","https://openalex.org/W3125914963"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416431139","https://openalex.org/W2112570086","https://openalex.org/W2086688238","https://openalex.org/W1993665809","https://openalex.org/W2114814607","https://openalex.org/W2039543087","https://openalex.org/W2995063353","https://openalex.org/W3047375795","https://openalex.org/W2005010134","https://openalex.org/W2048427538"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Suprathreshold":[2],"paired-pulse":[3,35,68,168],"transcranial":[4],"magnetic":[5],"stimulation":[6,27,185,201],"(TMS)":[7],"at":[8,59,77],"interstimulus":[9],"intervals":[10],"(ISIs)":[11],"of":[12,39,66,80,172],"20\u201330":[13],"ms":[14,82,86],"evokes":[15],"cumulative":[16],"online":[17,125],"increases":[18],"in":[19,47,96,120,180,194],"corticospinal":[20,48,97,181,195,208],"excitability.":[21,49,182],"Whether":[22],"these":[23],"changes":[24,46,95,126,179],"persist":[25],"beyond":[26],"remains":[28],"unclear.":[29],"This":[30],"study":[31],"investigated":[32],"whether":[33],"repetitive":[34,67,167,199],"TMS":[36,69,169],"targeting":[37,170,186],"periods":[38,171],"net":[40,173],"excitation":[41,174],"or":[42,84,88,156],"inhibition":[43,189],"induces":[44],"offline":[45,178],"Methods":[50],"Nineteen":[51],"healthy":[52],"participants":[53],"completed":[54],"three":[55],"sessions,":[56],"separated":[57],"by":[58],"least":[60],"one":[61],"week,":[62],"involving":[63],"40":[64,143],"pairs":[65],"delivered":[70],"to":[71,142,164],"the":[72,121,207],"left":[73],"primary":[74],"motor":[75,102],"cortex":[76],"an":[78],"ISI":[79],"20":[81],"(rPPS20)":[83],"100":[85],"(rPPS100),":[87],"a":[89],"single-pulse":[90],"control":[91],"condition":[92],"(rSPS).":[93],"Offline":[94],"excitability":[98],"were":[99,137,151],"assessed":[100],"using":[101],"evoked":[103],"potential":[104],"(MEP)":[105],"amplitudes":[106,116,136],"recorded":[107],"before":[108],"and":[109],"after":[110,145],"stimulation.":[111],"Results":[112],"During":[113],"stimulation,":[114,134],"MEP":[115,135],"decreased":[117],"across":[118],"trials":[119],"rPPS100":[122,146],"condition,":[123],"although":[124],"did":[127,175],"not":[128,152,176],"differ":[129],"significantly":[130,138],"between":[131],"conditions.":[132],"Following":[133],"reduced":[139],"for":[140],"up":[141],"minutes":[144],"(p":[147],"=":[148],"0.017)":[149],"but":[150],"changed":[153],"following":[154],"rPPS20":[155],"rSPS":[157],"(all":[158],"p":[159],">":[160],"0.05).":[161],"Conclusion":[162],"Contrary":[163],"our":[165],"hypothesis,":[166],"induce":[177,203],"In":[183],"contrast,":[184],"long-interval":[187],"intracortical":[188],"(LICI)":[190],"produced":[191],"sustained":[192],"reductions":[193],"excitability,":[196],"suggesting":[197],"that":[198],"LICI-inducing":[200],"can":[202],"lasting":[204],"plasticity":[205],"within":[206],"system.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-22T00:00:00"}