{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223095142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02332-26","title":"Mitochondrial heteroplasmy as a transitional state in the evolution of fungicide resistance","display_name":"Mitochondrial heteroplasmy as a transitional state in the evolution of fungicide resistance","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223095142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02332-26","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42904651"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/mbio.02332-26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02332-26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02332-26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201176","display_name":"mBio","issn_l":"2150-7511","issn":["2150-7511","2161-2129"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"mBio","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02332-26","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094176858","display_name":"Kathleen Schoettner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107087","display_name":"BASF (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01q8f6705","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107087"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathleen Schoettner","raw_affiliation_strings":["BASF Agricultural Solutions Deutschland GmbH"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BASF Agricultural Solutions Deutschland GmbH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094176860","display_name":"Carolin Hogl","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107087","display_name":"BASF (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01q8f6705","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107087"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carolin Hogl","raw_affiliation_strings":["BASF Agricultural Solutions Deutschland GmbH"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BASF Agricultural Solutions Deutschland GmbH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094176859","display_name":"Carola Gunkel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107087","display_name":"BASF (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01q8f6705","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107087"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carola Gunkel","raw_affiliation_strings":["BASF Agricultural Solutions Deutschland GmbH"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BASF Agricultural Solutions Deutschland GmbH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040239597","display_name":"Cindy Valli\u00e8res","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6409-1296","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6409-1296"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298838906","display_name":"Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles","ror":"https://ror.org/02st4q439","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1298838906","https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cindy Valli\u00e8res","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CNRS UPR 2301, Institute de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CNRS UPR 2301, Institute de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1298838906","https://openalex.org/I277688954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079591293","display_name":"Brigitte Meunier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6988-4663","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6988-4663"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106617","display_name":"Institut de Biologie Int\u00e9grative de la Cellule","ror":"https://ror.org/01fftxe08","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210106617","https://openalex.org/I4210113668"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brigitte Meunier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6988-4663","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210106617"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001378821","display_name":"Isabella Siepe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6661-5313","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6661-5313"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107087","display_name":"BASF (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01q8f6705","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107087"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabella Siepe","raw_affiliation_strings":["BASF Agricultural Solutions Deutschland GmbH"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6661-5313","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BASF Agricultural Solutions Deutschland GmbH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107087"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76615069,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"e0233226","last_page":"e0233226"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11900","display_name":"Fungal Plant Pathogen Control","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11900","display_name":"Fungal Plant Pathogen Control","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.016300000250339508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10497","display_name":"Fungal and yeast genetics research","score":0.006899999920278788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitochondrial-heteroplasmy","display_name":"mitochondrial heteroplasmy","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fungicide-resistance","display_name":"fungicide resistance","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zymoseptoria-tritici","display_name":"Zymoseptoria tritici","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytochrome-b","display_name":"cytochrome b","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyraclostrobin","display_name":"pyraclostrobin","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homoplasmy","display_name":"homoplasmy","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-pathogenic-fungi","display_name":"plant pathogenic fungi","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experimental-evolution","display_name":"experimental evolution","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-cell-analysis","display_name":"single-cell analysis","score":0.925000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181561989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2581905","display_name":"Heteroplasmy","level":4,"score":0.995199978351593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24586158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27075","display_name":"Mitochondrial DNA","level":3,"score":0.8337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7402999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.7390999794006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74600772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193237","display_name":"Fungicide","level":2,"score":0.5947999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501734568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42918","display_name":"Mutation","level":3,"score":0.5357999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180754005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80726","display_name":"Allele","level":3,"score":0.4726000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28859421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39572","display_name":"Mitochondrion","level":2,"score":0.4708000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.44690001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197754878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80711","display_name":"Haplotype","level":4,"score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780536333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199456","display_name":"Paramecium","level":2,"score":0.40059998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143065580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285695","display_name":"Mutant","level":3,"score":0.3662000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57473165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315604","display_name":"Resistance (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151994961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q715263","display_name":"Human mitochondrial genetics","level":4,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779067301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2013860","display_name":"Azoxystrobin","level":3,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778328168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3393119","display_name":"Podospora anserina","level":4,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176944494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415380","display_name":"Point mutation","level":4,"score":0.25850000977516174}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1128/mbio.02332-26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02332-26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02332-26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201176","display_name":"mBio","issn_l":"2150-7511","issn":["2150-7511","2161-2129"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"mBio","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42904651","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42904651","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"mBio","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/mbio.02332-26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02332-26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02332-26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201176","display_name":"mBio","issn_l":"2150-7511","issn":["2150-7511","2161-2129"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"mBio","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W145996033","https://openalex.org/W566471755","https://openalex.org/W1513886058","https://openalex.org/W2037485190","https://openalex.org/W2052891531","https://openalex.org/W2079105656","https://openalex.org/W2081327093","https://openalex.org/W2084621494","https://openalex.org/W2091237463","https://openalex.org/W2125995480","https://openalex.org/W2133852460","https://openalex.org/W2140066802","https://openalex.org/W2153713008","https://openalex.org/W2166664098","https://openalex.org/W2474574366","https://openalex.org/W2611091017","https://openalex.org/W2903917574","https://openalex.org/W2991248566","https://openalex.org/W3031288375","https://openalex.org/W3090978739","https://openalex.org/W3180125294","https://openalex.org/W3203474866","https://openalex.org/W3203733810","https://openalex.org/W4224305211","https://openalex.org/W4239125370","https://openalex.org/W4283826040","https://openalex.org/W4297541641","https://openalex.org/W4317387918","https://openalex.org/W4390562057","https://openalex.org/W4392895125","https://openalex.org/W4401339541"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392895125","https://openalex.org/W2474574366","https://openalex.org/W4230659197","https://openalex.org/W2050013640","https://openalex.org/W2119139579","https://openalex.org/W2002868155","https://openalex.org/W7125594628","https://openalex.org/W2036134170","https://openalex.org/W7097101919","https://openalex.org/W6923681247"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Mitochondrial":[1,205],"DNA":[2],"(mtDNA)":[3],"can":[4,224,256],"exist":[5],"in":[6,21,35,51,61,111,133,139,171,187,207],"homoplasmic":[7],"or":[8,150],"heteroplasmic":[9,109,129],"states,":[10],"but":[11],"the":[12,36,62,68,79,104,128,166,180,286],"dynamics":[13,42,197,272],"and":[14,49,59,82,99,115,228,277,288],"stability":[15],"of":[16,67,76,106,184,252,290],"heteroplasmy":[17,159,186,223],"remain":[18],"poorly":[19],"understood":[20],"fungal":[22,208],"plant":[23],"pathogens.":[24],"Because":[25],"a":[26,73,107,140,161,188,226,279],"key":[27],"fungicide":[28,86,136,261],"target":[29],"(cytochrome":[30],"b":[31,70],")":[32],"is":[33,43,179],"encoded":[34],"mitochondrial":[37,141,185,195,222,270],"genome,":[38],"understanding":[39],"these":[40,88],"mtDNA":[41],"crucial":[44],"for":[45],"predicting":[46],"resistance":[47,77,169,253],"development":[48,289],"evolution":[50,98],"agricultural":[52],"pathosystems.":[53],"In":[54],"Zymoseptoria":[55],"tritici,":[56],"mutations":[57,89],"G143A":[58,114,149],"Y132C":[60,116,151],"quinone":[63],"outside":[64],"inhibitor-binding":[65],"site":[66],"cytochrome":[69],"subunit":[71],"confer":[72],"high":[74],"level":[75],"to":[78,92,135,147,202,213,274],"fungicides":[80],"pyraclostrobin":[81],"metyltetraprole,":[83],"respectively.":[84],"Under":[85],"selection,":[87],"were":[90],"observed":[91],"coexist":[93,118],"only":[94],"transiently.":[95],"Using":[96,241],"experimental":[97],"single-cell":[100,182,242],"analysis,":[101,243],"we":[102,244],"demonstrate":[103,245],"presence":[105],"temporarily":[108],"state":[110,230],"which":[112,255],"both":[113],"alleles":[117],"within":[119,127],"individual":[120,247],"cells":[121,248],"at":[122],"variable":[123],"ratios.":[124],"Allele":[125],"predominance":[126],"populations":[130],"shifted":[131],"rapidly":[132,257],"response":[134],"pressure,":[137],"resulting":[138],"mutation":[142],"switch":[143],"that":[144,157,198,221,231,246,283],"ultimately":[145],"led":[146],"either":[148],"homoplasmy.":[152],"This":[153],"finding":[154],"provides":[155],"evidence":[156],"transient":[158,227],"represents":[160],"critical":[162],"intermediate":[163],"phase":[164],"during":[165],"transition":[167],"between":[168,234],"genotypes":[170],"Z.":[172],"tritici":[173],".":[174],"To":[175],"our":[176,218],"knowledge,":[177],"this":[178],"first":[181],"demonstration":[183],"pathogenic":[189],"fungus,":[190],"offering":[191],"new":[192,266],"insights":[193],"into":[194,268],"genome":[196,271],"shape":[199],"adaptive":[200],"responses":[201],"fungicides.":[203],"IMPORTANCE":[204],"genomes":[206],"pathogens":[209],"are":[210],"generally":[211],"considered":[212],"be":[214],"genetically":[215],"uniform.":[216],"However,":[217],"work":[219],"shows":[220],"form":[225],"unstable":[229],"enables":[232],"switching":[233],"resistance-associated":[235],"haplotypes":[236],"under":[237],"changing":[238],"selective":[239],"pressures.":[240],"harbor":[249],"varying":[250],"proportions":[251],"alleles,":[254],"shift":[258],"depending":[259],"on":[260],"exposure.":[262],"These":[263],"findings":[264],"provide":[265],"insight":[267],"how":[269],"contribute":[273],"microbial":[275],"adaptation":[276],"highlight":[278],"previously":[280],"underappreciated":[281],"mechanism":[282],"may":[284],"influence":[285],"emergence":[287],"antifungal":[291],"resistance.":[292]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2026-10-22T00:00:00"}