{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223092014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.14.26365529","title":"Severity-stratified, longitudinal cis-eQTL mapping enables high-sensitivity detection of candidate causal genes for critical COVID-19","display_name":"Severity-stratified, longitudinal cis-eQTL mapping enables high-sensitivity detection of candidate causal genes for critical COVID-19","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223092014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.14.26365529"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.14.26365529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.14.26365529","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.14.26365529","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/21/2026.10.14.26365529.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/21/2026.10.14.26365529.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067427934","display_name":"Ernie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1573-7577","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1573-7577"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ernie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1573-7577","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062582778","display_name":"Gisela Gabernet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7049-9474","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7049-9474"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gisela Gabernet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077013841","display_name":"David Brian Corry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9729-1016","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9729-1016"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David B. Corry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baylor College of Medicine and the Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Houston, TX, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baylor College of Medicine and the Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Houston, TX, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047708097","display_name":"Farrah Kheradmand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5343-103X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5343-103X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farrah Kheradmand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baylor College of Medicine and the Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Houston, TX, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baylor College of Medicine and the Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Houston, TX, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091029647","display_name":"Lindsey Robert Baden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1752-1926","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1752-1926"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lindsey R. Baden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040099496","display_name":"Rafick\u2010Pierre S\u00e9kaly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7816-4828","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7816-4828"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799343972","display_name":"University Hospitals of Cleveland","ror":"https://ror.org/0130jk839","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799343972"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafick-Pierre Sekaly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799343972","https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000167800","display_name":"Grace A. McComsey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2690-8888","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2690-8888"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799343972","display_name":"University Hospitals of Cleveland","ror":"https://ror.org/0130jk839","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799343972"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grace A. McComsey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799343972","https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079485273","display_name":"Elias K. Haddad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4537-8301","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4537-8301"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elias K. Haddad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Drexel University, Tower Health Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drexel University, Tower Health Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040255031","display_name":"Charles B. Cairns","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2291-5415","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2291-5415"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles B. Cairns","raw_affiliation_strings":["Drexel University, Tower Health Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drexel University, Tower Health Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041183761","display_name":"Nadine Rouphael","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2512-7919","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2512-7919"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadine Rouphael","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077660812","display_name":"Ana Fern\u00e1ndez-Sesma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3405-6702","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3405-6702"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98704320","display_name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","ror":"https://ror.org/04a9tmd77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320796813","https://openalex.org/I98704320"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Fernandez-Sesma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98704320"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101904769","display_name":"Viviana R. Simon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6416-5096","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6416-5096"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98704320","display_name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","ror":"https://ror.org/04a9tmd77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320796813","https://openalex.org/I98704320"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viviana Simon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98704320"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030911572","display_name":"Jordan Patrick Metcalf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4359-5270","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4359-5270"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039271","display_name":"OU Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00a6cxf28","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039271"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49332381","display_name":"University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0457zbj98","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49332381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jordan P. Metcalf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039271","https://openalex.org/I49332381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078064718","display_name":"Nelson Iv\u00e1n Agudelo Higuita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9363-6280","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9363-6280"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039271","display_name":"OU Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00a6cxf28","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039271"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49332381","display_name":"University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0457zbj98","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49332381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nelson I. Agudelo Higuita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039271","https://openalex.org/I49332381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051142049","display_name":"Catherine Lee Hough","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6425-0867","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6425-0867"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165690674","display_name":"Oregon Health & Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/009avj582","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine L. Hough","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015083291","display_name":"William B. Messer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-6347","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-6347"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165690674","display_name":"Oregon Health & Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/009avj582","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William B. Messer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025539602","display_name":"Mark M. Davis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6868-657X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6868-657X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark M. Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028760615","display_name":"Kari Christine Nadeau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2146-2955","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2146-2955"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kari C. Nadeau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038753777","display_name":"Bali Pulendran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6517-4333","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6517-4333"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bali Pulendran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068399737","display_name":"Holden Terry Maecker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0795-9946","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0795-9946","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5389-0906"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Holden T. Maecker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066266572","display_name":"Monica Kraft","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6965-1090","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6965-1090"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monica Kraft","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011068562","display_name":"Chris Bime","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Bime","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057922195","display_name":"Elaine F. Reed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3524-545X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3524-545X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-1417"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elaine F. Reed","raw_affiliation_strings":["David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060910250","display_name":"Joanna M. D. Schaenman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1174-3961","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1174-3961"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joanna Schaenman","raw_affiliation_strings":["David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010599370","display_name":"David J. Erle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2171-0648","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2171-0648"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David J. Erle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California. UCSF CoLabs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California. UCSF CoLabs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062212651","display_name":"Carolyn S. Calfee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9208-6865","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9208-6865"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carolyn S. Calfee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California. UCSF CoLabs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California. UCSF CoLabs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060145442","display_name":"Mark A. Atkinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8489-4782","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8489-4782"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark A. Atkinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090126800","display_name":"Scott C. Brakenridge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7327-3718","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7327-3718"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott C. Brakenridge","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017377068","display_name":"Esther Melamed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5571-3591","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5571-3591"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esther Melamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010051226","display_name":"Lauren I. R. Ehrlich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1697-1755","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1697-1755"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lauren I. R. Ehrlich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021647734","display_name":"Albert C. Shaw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4970-7640","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4970-7640"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert C. Shaw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004216670","display_name":"David A. Hafler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4664-535X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4664-535X","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1446-3922"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David A. Hafler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091003367","display_name":"Alison Deckhut Augustine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0064-9785","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0064-9785"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alison D. Augustine","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073911134","display_name":"Patrice M. Becker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1170-8587","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1170-8587"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrice M. Becker","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023547268","display_name":"Bjoern Peters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8457-6693","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8457-6693"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311191458","display_name":"La Jolla Institute for Immunology","ror":"https://ror.org/05vkpd318","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311191458"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bjoern Peters","raw_affiliation_strings":["La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311191458"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082357489","display_name":"Al Ozonoff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4233-5899","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4233-5899"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288882113","display_name":"Boston Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00dvg7y05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Al Ozonoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical and Data Coordinating Center (CDCC), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical and Data Coordinating Center (CDCC), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000426101","display_name":"Joann Diray\u2010Arce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2183-4269","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2183-4269"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288882113","display_name":"Boston Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00dvg7y05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joann Diray-Arce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical and Data Coordinating Center (CDCC), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical and Data Coordinating Center (CDCC), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068050214","display_name":"Ofer Levy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5859-1945","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5859-1945","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1095-6156","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2606-7484"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288882113","display_name":"Boston Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00dvg7y05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ofer Levy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047668487","display_name":"Steven E. Bosinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2116-5061","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2116-5061"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven E. Bosinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000362354","display_name":"Walter L. Eckalbar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-7852","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-7852"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walter Eckalbar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California. UCSF CoLabs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California. UCSF CoLabs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093542958","display_name":"Impacc Network","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"IMPACC Network","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014118446","display_name":"Ruth R. Montgomery","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8661-4454","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8661-4454"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruth R. Montgomery","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026920706","display_name":"Ira M. Hall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4442-6655","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4442-6655"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ira M. Hall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066562919","display_name":"Steven H. Kleinstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4957-1544","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4957-1544"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steven H. Kleinstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036132643","display_name":"Dylan Duchen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5629-2012","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5629-2012"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dylan Duchen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5629-2012","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":22,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036132643","https://openalex.org/A5066562919"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-covid-19","display_name":"critical COVID-19","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression-regulation","display_name":"gene expression regulation","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-severity","display_name":"disease severity","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longitudinal-gene-expression","display_name":"longitudinal gene expression","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colocalization","display_name":"colocalization","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peripheral-blood-mononuclear-cells","display_name":"peripheral blood mononuclear cells","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host-genetic-susceptibility","display_name":"host genetic susceptibility","score":0.5870000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106208931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1098876","display_name":"Genome-wide association study","level":5,"score":0.7569000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153209595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501128","display_name":"Single-nucleotide polymorphism","level":4,"score":0.7347000241279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69991583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423575","display_name":"Candidate gene","level":3,"score":0.5465999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81941488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853421","display_name":"Quantitative trait locus","level":3,"score":0.5224000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5008000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168393362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421706","display_name":"Expression quantitative trait loci","level":5,"score":0.48660001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186413461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744727","display_name":"Genetic association","level":5,"score":0.47920000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84597430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106227","display_name":"Locus (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.4361000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58041806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660484","display_name":"Imputation (statistics)","level":3,"score":0.42170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.41440001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9287583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532883","display_name":"Genetic architecture","level":4,"score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.4083999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139275648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17134011","display_name":"SNP","level":5,"score":0.3831000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180754005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80726","display_name":"Allele","level":3,"score":0.3693999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68873052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856","display_name":"Genetic variation","level":3,"score":0.36820000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158600405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054566","display_name":"Causal inference","level":2,"score":0.3237999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.3212999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.31209999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196166836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902926","display_name":"Immunophenotyping","level":3,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97603047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4731437","display_name":"Allelic heterogeneity","level":4,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777895361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758614","display_name":"Longitudinal study","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157410074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6869145","display_name":"Minor allele frequency","level":5,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67636389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q784237","display_name":"Genetic predisposition","level":3,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106934330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971873","display_name":"Trait","level":2,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18431079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502169","display_name":"Gene expression profiling","level":4,"score":0.2556999921798706}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.14.26365529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.14.26365529","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.14.26365529","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/21/2026.10.14.26365529.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13738831","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13738831/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.14.26365529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.14.26365529","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.14.26365529","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/21/2026.10.14.26365529.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1529305269","display_name":"FUNGAL PATHOGENESIS OF MODERATE TO SEVERE ASTHMA","funder_award_id":"R01AI135803","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1636177350","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COVID-19","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3300442041","display_name":"Long Term Immunity Following Yellow Fever Vaccination","funder_award_id":"R01AI145835","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4493598524","display_name":"Dengue Human Immunology Project Consortium (DHIPC)","funder_award_id":"U19AI118610","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5316515788","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COVID-19","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308573","funder_display_name":"Gilead Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5474621049","display_name":"System Biological Analyses of Innate and Adaptive Responses to Vaccination","funder_award_id":"U19AI090023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5923625504","display_name":"Genomics of NF\u03baB-mediated gene regulation in multiple sclerosis","funder_award_id":"R01AI122220","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7273123046","display_name":"Molecular and Immunologic Analysis of the Pathobiology of Human Anthrax","funder_award_id":"U19AI062629","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7294969142","display_name":"Mapping Immune Responses to CMV in Renal Transplant Recipients","funder_award_id":"U19AI128913","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8063522051","display_name":"A 3D Tissue Map of the Human Lymphatic System","funder_award_id":"U54AI142766","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000856582","display_name":"Clinical and Translational Science Collaborative of Northern Ohio, Catalyzing Linkages for Everyone's Health (CLE Health)","funder_award_id":"UM1TR004528","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000871964","display_name":"Discriminating the contributions of CCR4 and CCR7 to thymic central tolerance","funder_award_id":"R01AI104870","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000901561","display_name":"Innate Immunity and Viral Infection in Asthma","funder_award_id":"U19AI125357","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000903259","display_name":"Immune signatures of vaccine responses in vulnerable populations","funder_award_id":"U19AI089992","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000907979","display_name":"Pre-Doctoral Training in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience","funder_award_id":"T32DA018926","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307115","display_name":"Bristol-Myers Squibb","ror":"https://ror.org/00gtmwv55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307765","display_name":"Pfizer","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdqrp08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307770","display_name":"AstraZeneca","ror":"https://ror.org/04r9x1a08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307781","display_name":"Sanofi","ror":"https://ror.org/027vj4x92"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308380","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308573","display_name":"Gilead Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/056546b03"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308970","display_name":"Teva Pharmaceutical Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/01wfv3m53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311600","display_name":"Regeneron Pharmaceuticals","ror":"https://ror.org/02f51rf24"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316959","display_name":"Shenzhen Center for Health Information","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318991","display_name":"Compass Therapeutics","ror":"https://ror.org/05nhdv432"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319071","display_name":"Moderna","ror":"https://ror.org/01xm4wg91"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332036","display_name":"Seqirus","ror":"https://ror.org/03qptmm33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332162","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332193","display_name":"Genentech","ror":"https://ror.org/04gndp242"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332200","display_name":"EMD Serono","ror":"https://ror.org/027zrs220"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333299","display_name":"Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority","ror":"https://ror.org/029y69023"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333587","display_name":"Sanofi Genzyme","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337666","display_name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223092014.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223092014.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3026764413"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392136679","https://openalex.org/W4411794558","https://openalex.org/W6906459761","https://openalex.org/W3204139073","https://openalex.org/W4292602245","https://openalex.org/W3208886282","https://openalex.org/W6944289570","https://openalex.org/W4416458811","https://openalex.org/W4405677213","https://openalex.org/W3162259345"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Host":[0],"genetic":[1,34,186],"variation":[2],"influences":[3],"heterogeneity":[4],"in":[5,54,98,102,169,177],"infectious":[6],"disease":[7,87,202],"severity.":[8],"Genome-wide":[9],"association":[10],"studies":[11],"(GWAS)":[12],"have":[13,43,208],"identified":[14,126],"69":[15],"lead":[16,41,129],"single":[17],"nucleotide":[18],"polymorphisms":[19],"(SNPs)":[20],"associated":[21],"with":[22,71,114,133,140,173,194],"critical":[23,38,72,189,217],"COVID-19,":[24,115],"but":[25],"most":[26],"lack":[27],"known":[28],"regulatory":[29],"mechanisms.":[30],"To":[31],"date,":[32],"the":[33,99,158,166,170,178],"cis-regulatory":[35,80,195],"effects":[36,81,187,196],"of":[37,111],"COVID-19":[39,56,73,104,190,218],"GWAS":[40,74,128,219],"SNPs":[42,130],"not":[44],"been":[45],"systematically":[46],"characterized":[47],"across":[48,83,117,198],"acute":[49,121,167],"illness":[50,122],"and":[51,69,86,123,147,201],"convalescent":[52],"phases":[53],"a":[55,103,107],"specific":[57],"cohort.":[58,180],"Here,":[59],"performing":[60],"severity-stratified,":[61],"longitudinal":[62,148,205],"cis-expression":[63],"quantitative":[64],"trait":[65],"loci":[66],"(cis-eQTL)":[67],"mapping":[68],"colocalization":[70],"signals,":[75],"we":[76],"find":[77],"that":[78,131,184],"host":[79,185],"vary":[82],"clinical":[84,199],"severity":[85,145,200],"phase.":[88,203],"We":[89,125],"analyzed":[90],"peripheral":[91],"blood":[92],"mononuclear":[93],"cells":[94],"from":[95],"1,031":[96],"patients":[97],"Immunophenotyping":[100],"Assessment":[101],"Cohort":[105],"(IMPACC),":[106],"prospective":[108],"multicenter":[109],"study":[110],"adults":[112],"hospitalized":[113],"profiled":[116],"10":[118],"timepoints":[119],"spanning":[120],"convalescence.":[124],"23":[127],"colocalized":[132],"cis-eQTLs":[134],"at":[135,157],"26":[136],"candidate":[137,213],"causal":[138,214],"genes,":[139],"16":[141],"detectable":[142,175],"only":[143],"when":[144],"stratification":[146],"sampling":[149],"were":[150],"incorporated.":[151],"A":[152],"colocalized,":[153],"protective":[154],"allele":[155],"(chr19:4,717,660)":[156],"TMIGD2":[159,162],"locus":[160],"upregulated":[161],"expression":[163],"exclusively":[164],"during":[165],"phase":[168],"prolonged-critical/fatal":[171],"cohort,":[172],"no":[174],"effect":[176],"rapid-recovery":[179],"Our":[181],"results":[182],"show":[183],"on":[188],"can":[191],"be":[192],"context-dependent,":[193],"varying":[197],"Severity-stratified,":[204],"cis-eQTL":[206],"designs":[207],"greater":[209],"sensitivity":[210],"to":[211],"identify":[212],"genes":[215],"for":[216],"associations":[220],"than":[221],"single-timepoint":[222],"cross-sectional":[223],"studies.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-22T00:00:00"}
