{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223068397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.26350","title":"Affective Valence as the Interoceptive Rate of Change of Jacobian Scale","display_name":"Affective Valence as the Interoceptive Rate of Change of Jacobian Scale","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223068397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.26350"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.26350","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.26350","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.26350","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.26350","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011169641","display_name":"David Balduzzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1466-7864","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1466-7864"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Balduzzi, David","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011169641"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10258","display_name":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","score":0.4740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10258","display_name":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","score":0.4740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11883","display_name":"Embodied and Extended Cognition","score":0.42309999465942383,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14381","display_name":"Psychiatry, Mental Health, Neuroscience","score":0.04520000144839287,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-valence","display_name":"emotional valence","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoception","display_name":"interoception","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-sustaining-systems","display_name":"self-sustaining systems","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-reserves","display_name":"energy reserves","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/responsiveness","display_name":"responsiveness","score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negativity-bias","display_name":"negativity bias","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pain","display_name":"pain","score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hunger","display_name":"hunger","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/congenital-insensitivity-to-pain","display_name":"congenital insensitivity to pain","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phantom-pain","display_name":"phantom pain","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chain-rule","display_name":"chain rule","score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-damage","display_name":"brain damage","score":0.35600000619888306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908550385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40221469","display_name":"Interoception","level":3,"score":0.7741000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168900304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171407","display_name":"Valence (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.7720999717712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5288000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200331156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506041","display_name":"Jacobian matrix and determinant","level":2,"score":0.45210000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.44850000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.4284999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.40880000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.36629998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.35670000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.3400999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94487597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11101","display_name":"Sensory system","level":2,"score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122980154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555","display_name":"Feeling","level":2,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.32429999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32848918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845789","display_name":"Observable","level":2,"score":0.3059000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7453019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16254302","display_name":"Negativity effect","level":2,"score":0.3057999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779320081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246710","display_name":"Wakefulness","level":3,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120843803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955807","display_name":"Brain activity and meditation","level":3,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020774634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3113318","display_name":"Emotional valence","level":3,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.26350","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.26350","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.26350","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2610.26350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.26350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.26350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.26350","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.26350","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.26350","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223068397.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223068397.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2083252150","https://openalex.org/W2905018743","https://openalex.org/W3188690837","https://openalex.org/W7212173545"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392022254","https://openalex.org/W7217692590","https://openalex.org/W6991749950","https://openalex.org/W3186501073","https://openalex.org/W2967221769","https://openalex.org/W4239112234","https://openalex.org/W1943589862","https://openalex.org/W6885183754","https://openalex.org/W6903784517","https://openalex.org/W4295511970"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Affect":[0],"is":[1,13,32],"widely":[2],"held":[3],"to":[4,25,118,156,167,174,184,198,202,212],"depend":[5],"on":[6],"interoception.":[7],"This":[8],"paper":[9],"proposes":[10],"that":[11,58,90],"valence":[12,72,82],"the":[14,35,38,84,88,96,129,169,175,189,193,195],"rate":[15],"at":[16],"which":[17],"interoception":[18,42],"moves":[19],"a":[20,115,121,125,219],"self-sustaining":[21],"system's":[22,39,85],"responsiveness":[23,57],"relative":[24],"its":[26,44,52,92,185,214],"terminal":[27],"set":[28],"(roughly,":[29],"death).":[30],"Responsiveness":[31],"formalised":[33],"as":[34,43,62,204],"scale":[36],"of":[37,51,124],"Jacobian":[40],"and":[41,49,87,107,112,135,159,232],"internal":[45,93],"inputs:":[46],"receptors,":[47,152],"signals":[48,171],"forecasts":[50],"energy":[53,205],"reserve.":[54,143],"Changes":[55],"in":[56,182],"bypass":[59],"interoception,":[60],"such":[61],"brain":[63],"damage,":[64],"are":[65,75,226,230],"not":[66,76],"felt.":[67],"Language":[68],"models":[69],"have":[70],"no":[71],"because":[73],"they":[74,229],"self-sustaining.":[77],"The":[78,221],"chain":[79],"rule":[80],"splits":[81,100],"over":[83],"parts":[86],"causes":[89],"affect":[91],"inputs.":[94],"With":[95],"log":[97],"scale,":[98,216],"these":[99],"account":[101,222],"for":[102],"need-dependent":[103],"pleasure,":[104],"diffuse":[105],"hunger":[106,139],"localised":[108],"pain,":[109,157],"negativity":[110],"bias,":[111],"relief":[113],"when":[114,224,233],"threat":[116],"fails":[117],"arrive.":[119],"In":[120],"minimal":[122],"model":[123],"body:":[126],"(1)":[127],"Blocking":[128],"reserve":[130,190],"signal":[131],"leaves":[132],"depletion":[133],"unfelt,":[134],"driving":[136,151],"it":[137,210,217],"produces":[138],"with":[140],"an":[141,179],"undepleted":[142],"(2)":[144],"Removing":[145],"receptors":[146,203],"or":[147,150],"their":[148],"gain,":[149,194],"reproduces":[153],"congenital":[154],"insensitivity":[155],"asymbolia":[158],"phantom":[160],"pain.":[161],"(3)":[162],"A":[163],"receptor":[164],"gain":[165],"learned":[166],"sustain":[168],"body":[170,196],"local":[172],"damage":[173],"whole":[176],"body,":[177],"so":[178],"injury":[180],"hurts":[181],"proportion":[183],"cost.":[186],"(4)":[187],"If":[188],"also":[191],"modulates":[192],"learns":[197,211],"suppress":[199],"pain":[200],"due":[201],"runs":[206],"low.":[207],"(5)":[208],"When":[209],"maximise":[213],"own":[215],"becomes":[218],"wirehead.":[220],"explains":[223],"changes":[225],"felt,":[227,231],"where":[228],"feelings":[234],"mislead.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-21T00:00:00"}
