{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223062229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18203440","title":"Diagnostic Methods for Muscle Wasting in COPD: Strengths, Limitations and the Role of Nutritional Assessment","display_name":"Diagnostic Methods for Muscle Wasting in COPD: Strengths, Limitations and the Role of Nutritional Assessment","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223062229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18203440","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42943011","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13708623"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/nu18203440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18203440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18203440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110785341","display_name":"Nutrients","issn_l":"2072-6643","issn":["2072-6643"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18203440","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001155497","display_name":"Roberta Cianci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5002-0128","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5002-0128"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197809005","display_name":"University of Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02kqnpp86","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140815","display_name":"Ospedale Monaldi","ror":"https://ror.org/0560hqd63","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140815"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberta Cianci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy","U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica L. Vanvitelli, A.O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131 Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica L. Vanvitelli, A.O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140815"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003946214","display_name":"Domenica Francesca Mariniello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2932-3164","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2932-3164"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197809005","display_name":"University of Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02kqnpp86","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140815","display_name":"Ospedale Monaldi","ror":"https://ror.org/0560hqd63","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140815"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Domenica Francesca Mariniello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy","U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica L. Vanvitelli, A.O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131 Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2932-3164","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica L. Vanvitelli, A.O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140815"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086272912","display_name":"Giuseppe Luciano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6430-5223","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6430-5223"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197809005","display_name":"University of Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02kqnpp86","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140815","display_name":"Ospedale Monaldi","ror":"https://ror.org/0560hqd63","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140815"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Luciano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy","U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica L. Vanvitelli, A.O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131 Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica L. Vanvitelli, A.O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140815"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003230941","display_name":"Filippo Scial\u00f2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1121-7315","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1121-7315"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Filippo Scial\u00f2","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1121-7315","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047146014","display_name":"Luigi Aronne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8498-825X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8498-825X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197809005","display_name":"University of Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02kqnpp86","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140815","display_name":"Ospedale Monaldi","ror":"https://ror.org/0560hqd63","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140815"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Aronne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy","U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica L. Vanvitelli, A.O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131 Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica L. Vanvitelli, A.O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140815"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013331461","display_name":"Grazia Mazzeo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3724-655X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3724-655X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197809005","display_name":"University of Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02kqnpp86","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140815","display_name":"Ospedale Monaldi","ror":"https://ror.org/0560hqd63","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140815"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grazia Mazzeo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy","U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica L. Vanvitelli, A.O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131 Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica L. Vanvitelli, A.O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140815"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119756886","display_name":"Alfredo Cipriano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9005-5285","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9005-5285"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfredo Cipriano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028264794","display_name":"Susan F. M. Campbell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3667-9902","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3667-9902"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197809005","display_name":"University of Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02kqnpp86","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan F. Campbell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3667-9902","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028834608","display_name":"Fabio Perrotta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7223-7037","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7223-7037"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197809005","display_name":"University of Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02kqnpp86","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140815","display_name":"Ospedale Monaldi","ror":"https://ror.org/0560hqd63","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140815"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Perrotta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy","U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica L. Vanvitelli, A.O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131 Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica L. Vanvitelli, A.O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140815"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101900908","display_name":"Andrea Bianco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4692-5901","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4692-5901"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197809005","display_name":"University of Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02kqnpp86","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140815","display_name":"Ospedale Monaldi","ror":"https://ror.org/0560hqd63","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140815"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Bianco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy","U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica L. Vanvitelli, A.O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131 Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4692-5901","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica L. Vanvitelli, A.O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140815"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089699483","display_name":"Raffaella Pagliaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2902-3558","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2902-3558"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197809005","display_name":"University of Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02kqnpp86","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raffaella Pagliaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2902-3558","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003230941"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57377049,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"20","first_page":"3440","last_page":"3440"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10397","display_name":"Nutrition and Health in Aging","score":0.9286999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10397","display_name":"Nutrition and Health in Aging","score":0.9286999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.0494999997317791,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10441","display_name":"Muscle Physiology and Disorders","score":0.009999999776482582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease","display_name":"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-atrophy","display_name":"muscle atrophy","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sarcopenia","display_name":"sarcopenia","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutritional-assessment","display_name":"nutritional assessment","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-mass-assessment","display_name":"muscle mass assessment","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-strength","display_name":"muscle strength","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-performance","display_name":"physical performance","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutritional-screening-tools","display_name":"nutritional screening tools","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual-energy-x-ray-absorptiometry","display_name":"dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioelectrical-impedance-analysis","display_name":"bioelectrical impedance analysis","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound","display_name":"ultrasound","score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computed-tomography","display_name":"computed tomography","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-criteria","display_name":"diagnostic criteria","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-assessment","display_name":"multimodal assessment","score":0.8560000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779764123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7972881","display_name":"Wasting","level":2,"score":0.862500011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1787939","display_name":"Sarcopenia","level":2,"score":0.8367000222206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33872192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864287","display_name":"Bioelectrical impedance analysis","level":3,"score":0.8034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7332000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.5741999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779959927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048687","display_name":"Skeletal muscle","level":2,"score":0.4767000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020000205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412849","display_name":"Narrative review","level":2,"score":0.45329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.44279998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.4341000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992343062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048687","display_name":"Muscle mass","level":2,"score":0.4025000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911126609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6003455","display_name":"Wasting Syndrome","level":3,"score":0.3659000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779159551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414874","display_name":"Comorbidity","level":2,"score":0.35929998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.3310999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776418732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270421","display_name":"Muscle weakness","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551997983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12167","display_name":"Malnutrition","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82157600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2671652","display_name":"Diagnostic test","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019971869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048687","display_name":"Muscle protein","level":3,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776263037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1557686","display_name":"Muscle atrophy","level":3,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777328239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7423605","display_name":"Sarcopenic obesity","level":3,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020132585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2671652","display_name":"Diagnostic accuracy","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75141282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2358629","display_name":"Medical nutrition therapy","level":2,"score":0.2522999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009133","descriptor_name":"Muscular Atrophy","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009133","descriptor_name":"Muscular Atrophy","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009752","descriptor_name":"Nutritional Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015502","descriptor_name":"Absorptiometry, Photon","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015596","descriptor_name":"Nutrition Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D029424","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D029424","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053580","descriptor_name":"Muscle Strength","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055948","descriptor_name":"Sarcopenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055948","descriptor_name":"Sarcopenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/nu18203440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18203440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18203440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110785341","display_name":"Nutrients","issn_l":"2072-6643","issn":["2072-6643"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13708623","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13708623/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13708623/pdf/nutrients-18-03440.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42943011","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42943011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/nu18203440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18203440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18203440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110785341","display_name":"Nutrients","issn_l":"2072-6643","issn":["2072-6643"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223062229.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223062229.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":146,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W646091635","https://openalex.org/W1485873392","https://openalex.org/W1965927192","https://openalex.org/W1969589264","https://openalex.org/W1995049325","https://openalex.org/W2002187071","https://openalex.org/W2029230411","https://openalex.org/W2034678952","https://openalex.org/W2039735127","https://openalex.org/W2058862064","https://openalex.org/W2062538521","https://openalex.org/W2095146682","https://openalex.org/W2099548103","https://openalex.org/W2100210067","https://openalex.org/W2101398993","https://openalex.org/W2102902846","https://openalex.org/W2104357394","https://openalex.org/W2104371315","https://openalex.org/W2105199683","https://openalex.org/W2105646030","https://openalex.org/W2117082529","https://openalex.org/W2118894860","https://openalex.org/W2119096766","https://openalex.org/W2121638258","https://openalex.org/W2124971370","https://openalex.org/W2126142656","https://openalex.org/W2127400865","https://openalex.org/W2127659043","https://openalex.org/W2142929069","https://openalex.org/W2148826289","https://openalex.org/W2149183722","https://openalex.org/W2150874035","https://openalex.org/W2154394704","https://openalex.org/W2155416296","https://openalex.org/W2156791190","https://openalex.org/W2159296038","https://openalex.org/W2167719951","https://openalex.org/W2330346101","https://openalex.org/W2341485436","https://openalex.org/W2524057455","https://openalex.org/W2529732846","https://openalex.org/W2536212044","https://openalex.org/W2573248772","https://openalex.org/W2755188761","https://openalex.org/W2761477289","https://openalex.org/W2786055437","https://openalex.org/W2791250754","https://openalex.org/W2883061070","https://openalex.org/W2894898580","https://openalex.org/W2895915957","https://openalex.org/W2909939764","https://openalex.org/W2912149205","https://openalex.org/W2933340354","https://openalex.org/W2935312921","https://openalex.org/W2937437085","https://openalex.org/W2954722332","https://openalex.org/W2981414419","https://openalex.org/W2985413827","https://openalex.org/W2986720398","https://openalex.org/W2996590022","https://openalex.org/W3004077652","https://openalex.org/W3005437800","https://openalex.org/W3008349331","https://openalex.org/W3009975500","https://openalex.org/W3023458025","https://openalex.org/W3040923729","https://openalex.org/W3081708742","https://openalex.org/W3087791230","https://openalex.org/W3117971902","https://openalex.org/W3118316094","https://openalex.org/W3124165021","https://openalex.org/W3128778315","https://openalex.org/W3138317816","https://openalex.org/W3185816755","https://openalex.org/W3207886979","https://openalex.org/W3210074970","https://openalex.org/W3215478635","https://openalex.org/W4206543964","https://openalex.org/W4211144975","https://openalex.org/W4220803757","https://openalex.org/W4224271800","https://openalex.org/W4285733494","https://openalex.org/W4285798079","https://openalex.org/W4286216504","https://openalex.org/W4288693047","https://openalex.org/W4307568753","https://openalex.org/W4308013270","https://openalex.org/W4310964054","https://openalex.org/W4319600487","https://openalex.org/W4361275808","https://openalex.org/W4387930973","https://openalex.org/W4388572296","https://openalex.org/W4388905496","https://openalex.org/W4389110106","https://openalex.org/W4390635968","https://openalex.org/W4391345532","https://openalex.org/W4391618233","https://openalex.org/W4392799711","https://openalex.org/W4394952515","https://openalex.org/W4396219122","https://openalex.org/W4396622805","https://openalex.org/W4398254316","https://openalex.org/W4399547334","https://openalex.org/W4399757278","https://openalex.org/W4400722319","https://openalex.org/W4401232610","https://openalex.org/W4401439216","https://openalex.org/W4401641587","https://openalex.org/W4401829905","https://openalex.org/W4402381624","https://openalex.org/W4403005269","https://openalex.org/W4404498513","https://openalex.org/W4405810246","https://openalex.org/W4406088348","https://openalex.org/W4409217711","https://openalex.org/W4409277110","https://openalex.org/W4409883788","https://openalex.org/W4409919121","https://openalex.org/W4410247919","https://openalex.org/W4411102270","https://openalex.org/W4411165951","https://openalex.org/W4411334421","https://openalex.org/W4411781484","https://openalex.org/W4412631041","https://openalex.org/W4412712759","https://openalex.org/W4412784640","https://openalex.org/W4414161418","https://openalex.org/W4414275612","https://openalex.org/W4414832466","https://openalex.org/W4415720318","https://openalex.org/W4416221716","https://openalex.org/W4416387286","https://openalex.org/W4416713281","https://openalex.org/W4417035108","https://openalex.org/W4417271096","https://openalex.org/W4417427556","https://openalex.org/W7117149093","https://openalex.org/W7117721183","https://openalex.org/W7119470339","https://openalex.org/W7122578887","https://openalex.org/W7125236903","https://openalex.org/W7138870224","https://openalex.org/W7138913804","https://openalex.org/W7152518548","https://openalex.org/W7160542558","https://openalex.org/W7163022462"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015296864","https://openalex.org/W2160596187","https://openalex.org/W4200357724","https://openalex.org/W1960626290","https://openalex.org/W2905875713","https://openalex.org/W4200144549","https://openalex.org/W4385828516","https://openalex.org/W4411965359","https://openalex.org/W2985413827","https://openalex.org/W4410276194"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background/Objectives:":[0],"Skeletal":[1],"muscle":[2,50,71,92,111,139,177,186],"wasting":[3,178],"is":[4],"a":[5,105,182],"frequent":[6],"and":[7,17,27,38,63,76,84,99,116,120,146,154,160,194],"clinically":[8,130],"consequential":[9],"comorbidity":[10],"in":[11,79,162,179],"COPD,":[12],"affecting":[13],"15\u201350%":[14],"of":[15,24,41,91,166,176],"patients":[16],"predicting":[18],"reduced":[19],"exercise":[20],"tolerance,":[21],"impaired":[22],"quality":[23],"life,":[25],"hospitalization,":[26],"mortality.":[28],"However,":[29],"no":[30],"consensus":[31,64],"exists":[32],"on":[33,66],"the":[34,39],"optimal":[35],"diagnostic":[36,67,167,199],"approach,":[37],"role":[40],"nutritional":[42,77,143,195,215],"assessment":[43,90,148,175],"remains":[44],"underemphasized":[45],"despite":[46],"its":[47],"contribution":[48],"to":[49],"depletion.":[51],"Methods:":[52],"This":[53],"narrative":[54],"review":[55],"synthesizes":[56],"evidence":[57],"from":[58],"original":[59],"research,":[60],"systematic":[61],"reviews,":[62],"statements":[65],"methods":[68],"for":[69],"evaluating":[70],"mass,":[72],"strength,":[73],"physical":[74,191],"performance,":[75],"status":[78],"COPD.":[80,163],"Results:":[81],"Computed":[82],"tomography":[83],"magnetic":[85],"resonance":[86],"imaging":[87],"offer":[88],"accurate":[89],"mass":[93,187],"but":[94,108,134],"are":[95,118,155,201],"limited":[96],"by":[97],"cost":[98],"accessibility.":[100],"Dual-energy":[101],"X-ray":[102],"absorptiometry":[103],"provides":[104],"low-radiation":[106],"alternative":[107],"cannot":[109],"assess":[110],"quality.":[112],"Bioelectrical":[113],"impedance":[114],"analysis":[115],"ultrasound":[117],"portable":[119],"inexpensive,":[121],"yet":[122],"lack":[123],"standardized":[124],"COPD-specific":[125,198],"cut-offs.":[126],"Functional":[127],"tests":[128],"provide":[129],"meaningful":[131],"performance":[132,192],"data":[133],"do":[135],"not":[136],"directly":[137],"measure":[138],"mass.":[140],"In":[141],"parallel,":[142],"screening":[144,208],"tools":[145,209],"dietary":[147],"can":[149],"identify":[150],"modifiable":[151],"risk":[152],"factors":[153],"associated":[156],"with":[157,210],"sarcopenia":[158],"prevalence":[159,171],"prognosis":[161],"The":[164],"choice":[165],"approach":[168,184],"significantly":[169],"influences":[170],"estimates.":[172],"Conclusions:":[173],"Optimal":[174],"COPD":[180],"requires":[181],"multimodal":[183],"combining":[185],"quantification,":[188],"strength":[189],"measurement,":[190],"evaluation,":[193,216],"assessment.":[196],"Standardized":[197],"criteria":[200],"needed.":[202],"A":[203],"practical":[204],"algorithm":[205],"integrating":[206],"simple":[207],"targeted":[211],"confirmatory":[212],"assessments,":[213],"including":[214],"may":[217],"help":[218],"guide":[219],"clinical":[220],"practice.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-21T00:00:00"}