{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223051008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100525","title":"Investigation of VOC emission characteristics of light-duty gasoline vehicles and combustion-side formation mechanisms of key VOC species","display_name":"Investigation of VOC emission characteristics of light-duty gasoline vehicles and combustion-side formation mechanisms of key VOC species","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223051008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100525"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206941","display_name":"Atmospheric Environment X","issn_l":"2590-1621","issn":["2590-1621"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100525","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159101737","display_name":"Huayang Zhao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108688024","display_name":"Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/021cj6z65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204710742","display_name":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/04gwbew76","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204710742"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156332","display_name":"Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8xvx87","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huayang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China","Vehicle Emission Control Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China","Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Key Laboratory of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vehicle Emission Control Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Key Laboratory of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204710742","https://openalex.org/I4210156332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159096706","display_name":"Jia Ke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204710742","display_name":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/04gwbew76","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204710742"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156332","display_name":"Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8xvx87","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Ke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vehicle Emission Control Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China","Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Key Laboratory of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vehicle Emission Control Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Key Laboratory of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204710742","https://openalex.org/I4210156332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159134886","display_name":"Han Jiang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204710742","display_name":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/04gwbew76","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204710742"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156332","display_name":"Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8xvx87","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Han Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vehicle Emission Control Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China","Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Key Laboratory of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vehicle Emission Control Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Key Laboratory of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204710742","https://openalex.org/I4210156332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056905049","display_name":"Miao Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3698","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3698"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204710742","display_name":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/04gwbew76","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204710742"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156332","display_name":"Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8xvx87","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Miao Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vehicle Emission Control Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China","Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Key Laboratory of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3698","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vehicle Emission Control Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Key Laboratory of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204710742","https://openalex.org/I4210156332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159124071","display_name":"Yunjing Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204710742","display_name":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/04gwbew76","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204710742"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156332","display_name":"Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8xvx87","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yunjing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vehicle Emission Control Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China","Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Key Laboratory of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vehicle Emission Control Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Key Laboratory of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204710742","https://openalex.org/I4210156332"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159157136","display_name":"Yan Ding","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204710742","display_name":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/04gwbew76","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204710742"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156332","display_name":"Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8xvx87","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vehicle Emission Control Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China","Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Key Laboratory of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vehicle Emission Control Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Key Laboratory of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204710742","https://openalex.org/I4210156332"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056905049","https://openalex.org/A5159124071","https://openalex.org/A5159134886"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204710742","https://openalex.org/I4210156332"],"apc_list":{"value":1860,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1860},"apc_paid":{"value":1860,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1860},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70277233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":null,"first_page":"100525","last_page":"100525"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.7440999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.7440999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.1370999962091446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.10599999874830246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volatile-organic-compounds","display_name":"volatile organic compounds","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-duty-gasoline-vehicles","display_name":"light-duty gasoline vehicles","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-emissions","display_name":"vehicle emissions","score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ozone-formation-potential","display_name":"ozone formation potential","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-organic-aerosol-formation-potential","display_name":"secondary organic aerosol formation potential","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aromatic-vocs","display_name":"aromatic VOCs","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xylene-isomers","display_name":"xylene isomers","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toluene","display_name":"toluene","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-kinetics-simulation","display_name":"chemical kinetics simulation","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence-ratio","display_name":"equivalence ratio","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emission-factors","display_name":"emission factors","score":0.42800000309944153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C508106653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36933","display_name":"Ozone","level":2,"score":0.7005000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104541","display_name":"Aerosol","level":2,"score":0.6832000017166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103697071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39558","display_name":"Gasoline","level":2,"score":0.6622999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.6582000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5835000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559116025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollution","level":2,"score":0.4975999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778150766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910267","display_name":"Volatile organic compound","level":2,"score":0.48489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.4747999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778142098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15779","display_name":"Toluene","level":2,"score":0.44279998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126314574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2364111","display_name":"Air quality index","level":2,"score":0.3804999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779896714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208366","display_name":"Xylene","level":3,"score":0.37950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203032635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20962970","display_name":"NOx","level":3,"score":0.3628999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777207669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43648","display_name":"Hydrocarbon","level":2,"score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.3197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24245907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498957","display_name":"Particulates","level":2,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82685317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19829510","display_name":"Pollutant","level":2,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776595511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761910","display_name":"Gasoline direct injection","level":3,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206941","display_name":"Atmospheric Environment X","issn_l":"2590-1621","issn":["2590-1621"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a36bd83007cb4bdeb29f4e90f133a5c6","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a36bd83007cb4bdeb29f4e90f133a5c6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Atmospheric Environment: X, Vol 32, Iss , Pp 100525- (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206941","display_name":"Atmospheric Environment X","issn_l":"2590-1621","issn":["2590-1621"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W562805889","https://openalex.org/W1972956277","https://openalex.org/W1976132390","https://openalex.org/W2012922017","https://openalex.org/W2047761984","https://openalex.org/W2050070411","https://openalex.org/W2088285213","https://openalex.org/W2586526934","https://openalex.org/W2625844490","https://openalex.org/W2689706992","https://openalex.org/W2792160430","https://openalex.org/W2898271342","https://openalex.org/W3096174894","https://openalex.org/W3169412949","https://openalex.org/W4224304662","https://openalex.org/W4307822946","https://openalex.org/W4327629930","https://openalex.org/W4385752798","https://openalex.org/W4387130399","https://openalex.org/W4390637727","https://openalex.org/W4391089378","https://openalex.org/W4391668736","https://openalex.org/W4393203917","https://openalex.org/W4395031798","https://openalex.org/W4401486959","https://openalex.org/W4402026055","https://openalex.org/W4402552413","https://openalex.org/W4406143192","https://openalex.org/W4408094153","https://openalex.org/W4411329378","https://openalex.org/W7103749960","https://openalex.org/W7122483632","https://openalex.org/W7156224323"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3000444921","https://openalex.org/W4391089378","https://openalex.org/W562805889","https://openalex.org/W7122483632","https://openalex.org/W3105495386","https://openalex.org/W4288707728","https://openalex.org/W7103749960","https://openalex.org/W4390637727","https://openalex.org/W2906321800","https://openalex.org/W4367314832"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Volatile":[0],"organic":[1,15,86],"compounds":[2],"(VOCs)":[3],"are":[4],"important":[5,22,182],"precursors":[6],"of":[7,107,132,176,195,263,281],"atmospheric":[8],"ozone":[9,80],"(O":[10],"3":[11],")":[12],"and":[13,41,60,75,78,84,104,137,145,150,198,214,246,256,273,283],"secondary":[14,85,261],"aerosol":[16,87],"(SOA),":[17],"making":[18],"their":[19,79],"emissions":[20,67,121,168],"an":[21],"concern":[23],"for":[24],"urban":[25],"air":[26],"quality.":[27],"In":[28],"this":[29],"study,":[30],"two":[31,156],"light-duty":[32],"gasoline":[33],"vehicles":[34,53,140],"(LDGVs),":[35],"including":[36],"one":[37,42],"China":[38,43,135,138],"V":[39,139],"vehicle":[40],"VI":[44,136],"vehicle,":[45],"were":[46,68,91,96],"tested":[47,124,134,157],"over":[48],"the":[49,101,127,133,155,159,163,174,177,217,232,260,279],"Worldwide":[50],"harmonized":[51],"Light":[52],"Test":[54],"Cycle":[55],"(WLTC)":[56],"under":[57,111,169,207,216],"normal":[58,170,208],"TWC":[59,63,116,171,186,209,220],"simulated":[61,184,218],"first-stage":[62,115,185,219],"failure":[64,117,221],"conditions.":[65,113],"VOC":[66,120,129,167,189],"analyzed":[69],"by":[70,203,212,228],"driving":[71],"phase,":[72],"chemical":[73],"group,":[74],"individual":[76],"species,":[77],"formation":[81,88,103],"potential":[82,89],"(OFP)":[83],"(SOAFP)":[90],"evaluated.":[92],"Chemical":[93],"kinetic":[94],"simulations":[95],"further":[97],"conducted":[98],"to":[99,148,166,259],"investigate":[100],"combustion-side":[102],"transformation":[105],"behavior":[106],"representative":[108],"aromatic":[109,229,271],"VOCs":[110,205],"controlled":[112,227,233],"Simulated":[114],"markedly":[118],"increased":[119],"from":[122,142],"both":[123],"vehicles,":[125,158],"with":[126],"total":[128],"emission":[130],"factors":[131],"increasing":[141],"approximately":[143],"22":[144],"31":[146],"mg/km":[147],"78":[149],"103":[151],"mg/km,":[152],"respectively.":[153],"For":[154],"low-speed":[160],"phase":[161,179],"was":[162,201,225,257],"dominant":[164],"contributor":[165],"conditions,":[172,235],"whereas":[173,223],"contribution":[175],"extra-high-speed":[178],"became":[180],"more":[181],"following":[183],"failure.":[187],"The":[188],"profile":[190],"shifted":[191],"toward":[192],"higher":[193],"contributions":[194],"alkanes,":[196],"alkenes/alkynes,":[197],"aromatics.":[199],"OFP":[200],"dominated":[202],"oxygenated":[204],"(OVOCs)":[206],"conditions":[210],"but":[211],"aromatics":[213],"alkenes/alkynes":[215],"condition,":[222],"SOAFP":[224],"primarily":[226],"species.":[230],"Under":[231],"simulation":[234],"xylene":[236,284],"isomers":[237],"mainly":[238],"accumulated":[239],"at":[240,252],"800-850":[241],"K":[242,255],"through":[243],"side-chain":[244],"oxidation":[245],"HCO-elimination":[247],"pathways,":[248],"while":[249],"toluene":[250,282],"peaked":[251],"around":[253],"900":[254],"related":[258],"conversion":[262,272],"xylene-derived":[264],"intermediates.":[265],"Increasing":[266],"equivalence":[267],"ratio":[268],"enhanced":[269],"H-assisted":[270],"weakened":[274],"oxidative":[275],"consumption,":[276],"thereby":[277],"promoting":[278],"accumulation":[280],"isomers.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2026-10-21T00:00:00"}
