{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223050189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gbkxy_v1","title":"From Learning Theory to Fragmentation: CBT and the Problem of Borrowed Scientific Credibility","display_name":"From Learning Theory to Fragmentation: CBT and the Problem of Borrowed Scientific Credibility","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223050189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gbkxy_v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/gbkxy_v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gbkxy_v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gbkxy_v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gbkxy_v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038092222","display_name":"Aristide Saggino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4903-9833","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4903-9833"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aristide Saggino","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4903-9833","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038092222"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10214","display_name":"Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications","score":0.9218999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10214","display_name":"Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications","score":0.9218999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13272","display_name":"Psychological Treatments and Assessments","score":0.019899999722838402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12430","display_name":"Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology","score":0.017500000074505806,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3200","display_name":"General Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-behavioral-therapy","display_name":"cognitive behavioral therapy","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-theory","display_name":"learning theory","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-credibility","display_name":"scientific credibility","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychotherapy-theory","display_name":"psychotherapy theory","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology-of-psychotherapy","display_name":"epistemology of psychotherapy","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomized-controlled-trials","display_name":"randomized controlled trials","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-case-experimental-design","display_name":"single-case experimental design","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mindfulness-based-interventions","display_name":"mindfulness-based interventions","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceptance-and-commitment-therapy","display_name":"acceptance and commitment therapy","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema-therapy","display_name":"schema therapy","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement-desensitization-and-reprocessing","display_name":"EMDR","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beck-cognitive-therapy","display_name":"Beck cognitive therapy","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-psychology","display_name":"general psychology","score":0.4309999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530061","display_name":"Credibility","level":2,"score":0.6682999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5878999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5248000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.5166000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.45089998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.43630000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.43540000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.4242999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.415800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3797999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.3783000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92393732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790374","display_name":"Learning theory","level":2,"score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.3560999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.350600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779477915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13693745","display_name":"Cognitive therapy","level":3,"score":0.34929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116222747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220888","display_name":"Falsifiability","level":2,"score":0.3458000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.34310001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13200473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2747831","display_name":"Reflexivity","level":2,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39387531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096708","display_name":"Metatheory","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910200283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychological Theory","level":2,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105056347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3239681","display_name":"Scientific theory","level":2,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/gbkxy_v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gbkxy_v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gbkxy_v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:47a705cf-b6db-4c6f-a2a4-7ced4d429a7a","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/gbkxy","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/gbkxy_v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gbkxy_v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gbkxy_v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3211587581","https://openalex.org/W2583304089","https://openalex.org/W2909439168","https://openalex.org/W7169759022","https://openalex.org/W2105269882","https://openalex.org/W2241472590","https://openalex.org/W7120770633","https://openalex.org/W2921684973","https://openalex.org/W4244905209","https://openalex.org/W2011827566"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cognitive":[0],"behavioral":[1],"therapy":[2,71,78],"(CBT)":[3],"is":[4,130],"widely":[5],"regarded":[6],"as":[7,126,144],"the":[8,17,104,160,164,169,172,181],"most":[9],"scientifically":[10],"grounded":[11],"form":[12],"of":[13,64,167,171],"psychotherapy,":[14],"owing":[15],"to":[16,72,113,118,155,187],"extensive":[18],"evidence":[19,174],"from":[20,68],"randomized":[21,212],"controlled":[22],"trials":[23,213],"and":[24,50,66,74,79,91,152,180,202,219],"meta-analyses.":[25],"This":[26],"article":[27],"argues":[28],"that":[29,81,92,124],"this":[30,99],"reputation":[31],"increasingly":[32],"rests":[33],"on":[34,41,175],"borrowed":[35],"credibility.":[36],"CBT":[37],"was":[38],"originally":[39],"founded":[40],"a":[42,61,87,127,133,153,183,223],"coherent":[43],"theoretical":[44,84,150],"framework":[45],"rooted":[46],"in":[47,95,208],"learning":[48,203],"theory":[49],"experimental":[51,217],"psychology.":[52],"It":[53],"has":[54],"since":[55],"become":[56],"an":[57],"umbrella":[58],"label":[59],"for":[60],"heterogeneous":[62],"set":[63],"protocols":[65,110,137,207],"techniques,":[67],"Beck's":[69],"cognitive":[70],"mindfulness-":[73],"acceptance-based":[75],"approaches,":[76],"schema":[77],"EMDR,":[80],"share":[82],"neither":[83],"assumptions":[85],"nor":[86],"common":[88],"research":[89],"base":[90],"differ":[93],"markedly":[94],"empirical":[96,147],"support.":[97],"Under":[98],"label,":[100],"newer":[101],"approaches":[102],"inherit":[103],"scientific":[105,134],"prestige":[106],"earned":[107],"by":[108],"well-validated":[109],"without":[111,225],"having":[112],"demonstrate":[114],"their":[115],"own":[116],"connection":[117],"basic":[119,156],"psychological":[120],"research.":[121,157],"I":[122,158,195],"contend":[123],"CBT,":[125,168],"unified":[128],"framework,":[129],"no":[131],"longer":[132],"theory:":[135],"individual":[136],"may":[138],"be":[139,188],"scientific,":[140],"but":[141],"only":[142],"insofar":[143],"they":[145],"combine":[146],"validation":[148],"with":[149,199,214],"coherence":[151],"link":[154],"examine":[159],"epistemological":[161],"inconsistencies":[162],"among":[163],"main":[165],"strands":[166],"limits":[170],"trial":[173],"which":[176],"its":[177],"status":[178],"rests,":[179],"conditions":[182],"psychotherapy":[184,198,224],"must":[185],"meet":[186],"considered":[189],"scientific.":[190],"To":[191],"prevent":[192],"further":[193],"fragmentation,":[194],"propose":[196],"reconnecting":[197],"general":[200],"psychology":[201],"theory,":[204,210],"grounding":[205],"new":[206],"explicit":[209],"complementing":[211],"modern":[215],"single-case":[216],"designs,":[218],"ultimately":[220],"moving":[221],"toward":[222],"adjectives.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-21T00:00:00"}
