{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223039360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1960770","title":"Galectins at the maternal-fetal interface: shield or gateway to infections?","display_name":"Galectins at the maternal-fetal interface: shield or gateway to infections?","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223039360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1960770","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42979287","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13728874"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcimb.2026.1960770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1960770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1960770","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1960770/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2506667490","display_name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","issn_l":"2235-2988","issn":["2235-2988"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1960770/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120456979","display_name":"Gabriela Domingues Mattos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gabriela Domingues Mattos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo USP","Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Dermatologia e Imunodefici\u00eancias LIM56, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo USP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Dermatologia e Imunodefici\u00eancias LIM56, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103222286","display_name":"N\u00e1talli Zanete Pereira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8875-9470","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8875-9470"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N\u00e1talli Zanete Pereira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Dermatologia e Imunodefici\u00eancias LIM56, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Dermatologia e Imunodefici\u00eancias LIM56, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103085747","display_name":"Maria Notomi Sato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7911-1824","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7911-1824"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Notomi Sato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo USP","Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Dermatologia e Imunodefici\u00eancias LIM56, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo USP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Dermatologia e Imunodefici\u00eancias LIM56, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5120456979"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49775666,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"1960770","last_page":"1960770"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12387","display_name":"Galectins and Cancer Biology","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12387","display_name":"Galectins and Cancer Biology","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11510","display_name":"Reproductive System and Pregnancy","score":0.009999999776482582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12715","display_name":"Pregnancy-related medical research","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galectins","display_name":"galectins","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-fetal-interface","display_name":"maternal-fetal interface","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/placenta","display_name":"placenta","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/congenital-infection","display_name":"congenital infection","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytomegalovirus","display_name":"cytomegalovirus","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zika-virus","display_name":"Zika virus","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv","display_name":"HIV","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-host-interactions","display_name":"host-virus interaction","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-entry","display_name":"viral entry","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-persistence","display_name":"viral persistence","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mother-to-child-transmission","display_name":"mother-to-child transmission","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-tolerance","display_name":"immune tolerance","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unconventional-protein-secretion","display_name":"unconventional secretion","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gal-1","display_name":"Gal-1","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galectin-3","display_name":"galectin-3","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galectin-9","display_name":"galectin-9","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammation","display_name":"inflammation","score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pregnancy-outcomes","display_name":"pregnancy outcomes","score":0.3720000088214874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.6481999754905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6100999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156293190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83138026","display_name":"Galectin","level":2,"score":0.5440999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.5364999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140933497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7933606","display_name":"Viral pathogenesis","level":4,"score":0.5267999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777702733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1356761","display_name":"Immune tolerance","level":3,"score":0.37290000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781185574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3404271","display_name":"Immune privilege","level":3,"score":0.3671000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140704245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933202","display_name":"Viral replication","level":3,"score":0.3668000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58475186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118894","display_name":"Viral entry","level":4,"score":0.3508000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777732132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6946","display_name":"Cytomegalovirus","level":5,"score":0.3427000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780942790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372016","display_name":"Pathogenesis","level":2,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2107291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14886885","display_name":"Mediator","level":2,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777482401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q469057","display_name":"Damp","level":2,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182581","display_name":"Immunity","level":3,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777710495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5527195","display_name":"Gateway (web page)","level":2,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203522944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288322","display_name":"Autophagy","level":3,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62478195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130","display_name":"Signal transduction","level":2,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49039625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84230","display_name":"Secretion","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779820661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6929","display_name":"Human cytomegalovirus","level":3,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000071243","descriptor_name":"Zika Virus Infection","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003586","descriptor_name":"Cytomegalovirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008431","descriptor_name":"Maternal-Fetal Exchange","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010920","descriptor_name":"Placenta","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010920","descriptor_name":"Placenta","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010920","descriptor_name":"Placenta","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011251","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy Complications, Infectious","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011251","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy Complications, Infectious","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018445","descriptor_name":"Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D037161","descriptor_name":"Galectins","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D037161","descriptor_name":"Galectins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054884","descriptor_name":"Host-Pathogen Interactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcimb.2026.1960770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1960770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1960770","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1960770/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2506667490","display_name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","issn_l":"2235-2988","issn":["2235-2988"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13728874","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13728874/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13728874/pdf/fcimb-16-1960770.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42979287","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42979287","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f5fe8c7899fe454296b5e359c707c52b","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f5fe8c7899fe454296b5e359c707c52b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Vol 16 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcimb.2026.1960770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1960770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1960770","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1960770/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2506667490","display_name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","issn_l":"2235-2988","issn":["2235-2988"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2262750847","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019/25119-7","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5268021672","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024-7","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/02ddkpn78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223039360.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223039360.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1001143760","https://openalex.org/W1638424324","https://openalex.org/W1976853389","https://openalex.org/W2007653463","https://openalex.org/W2014956884","https://openalex.org/W2046555998","https://openalex.org/W2052080816","https://openalex.org/W2058752249","https://openalex.org/W2076246379","https://openalex.org/W2079025114","https://openalex.org/W2087229111","https://openalex.org/W2096460776","https://openalex.org/W2098380988","https://openalex.org/W2103643424","https://openalex.org/W2107652077","https://openalex.org/W2111666187","https://openalex.org/W2129239286","https://openalex.org/W2162646944","https://openalex.org/W2395416726","https://openalex.org/W2510028748","https://openalex.org/W2515567810","https://openalex.org/W2554247708","https://openalex.org/W2563073549","https://openalex.org/W2568604158","https://openalex.org/W2800511498","https://openalex.org/W2899458180","https://openalex.org/W2902742619","https://openalex.org/W2911553965","https://openalex.org/W2916292678","https://openalex.org/W2951852806","https://openalex.org/W2979077590","https://openalex.org/W3003156520","https://openalex.org/W3005722031","https://openalex.org/W3010650141","https://openalex.org/W3011401755","https://openalex.org/W3040192820","https://openalex.org/W3041280504","https://openalex.org/W3047490286","https://openalex.org/W3081444048","https://openalex.org/W3126769043","https://openalex.org/W3134526197","https://openalex.org/W3184981489","https://openalex.org/W3199687234","https://openalex.org/W3199730173","https://openalex.org/W3207376129","https://openalex.org/W3212891259","https://openalex.org/W4210294452","https://openalex.org/W4220777824","https://openalex.org/W4224227155","https://openalex.org/W4226343892","https://openalex.org/W4282047155","https://openalex.org/W4285522031","https://openalex.org/W4290729430","https://openalex.org/W4292454872","https://openalex.org/W4297037726","https://openalex.org/W4308156184","https://openalex.org/W4313414256","https://openalex.org/W4385970534","https://openalex.org/W4386033439","https://openalex.org/W4386629077","https://openalex.org/W4386746763","https://openalex.org/W4387297224","https://openalex.org/W4387956191","https://openalex.org/W4393163612","https://openalex.org/W4399772022","https://openalex.org/W4400533587","https://openalex.org/W4401424982","https://openalex.org/W4406738464","https://openalex.org/W4408181236","https://openalex.org/W4412397620"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4294733879","https://openalex.org/W4313414256","https://openalex.org/W4413402151","https://openalex.org/W4200318483","https://openalex.org/W2951852806","https://openalex.org/W1963942846","https://openalex.org/W2080212315","https://openalex.org/W2947613471","https://openalex.org/W4200462649","https://openalex.org/W1874363102"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pregnancy":[0],"relies":[1],"on":[2,97],"a":[3,32],"tightly":[4],"regulated":[5],"immune":[6,46,142,184],"balance":[7,182],"at":[8,103],"the":[9,15,82,104,110,158,164,180,198,208],"maternal-fetal":[10,105,149],"interface,":[11],"where":[12],"tolerance":[13,185],"toward":[14],"semi-allogeneic":[16],"fetus":[17],"must":[18],"coexist":[19],"with":[20,94],"effective":[21],"defense":[22],"mechanisms":[23,154,194],"against":[24],"invading":[25],"pathogens.":[26],"In":[27,77],"this":[28,78],"context,":[29],"galectins":[30],"(gals),":[31],"family":[33],"of":[34,92,155,179,192,200,207,210],"\u03b2-galactoside-binding":[35],"lectins,":[36],"play":[37],"essential":[38],"roles":[39],"in":[40,60,116],"placentation,":[41],"angiogenesis,":[42],"tissue":[43],"remodeling,":[44],"and":[45,75,88,101,126,148,172,186,203],"regulation.":[47],"Beyond":[48],"their":[49,114,152],"physiological":[50],"functions,":[51,174],"accumulating":[52],"evidence":[53,112,166],"indicates":[54],"that":[55,134,168],"these":[56,193],"proteins":[57],"also":[58,108],"participate":[59],"host-virus":[61],"interactions,":[62],"acting":[63,175],"either":[64],"to":[65,69,197,215],"restrict":[66],"infection":[67],"or":[68],"facilitate":[70],"viral":[71,140,146],"attachment,":[72],"entry,":[73,141],"replication,":[74],"persistence.":[76],"review,":[79],"we":[80],"discuss":[81],"structural":[83],"characteristics,":[84],"unconventional":[85],"secretion":[86],"pathways,":[87],"major":[89],"immunological":[90],"functions":[91],"gal,":[93],"particular":[95],"emphasis":[96],"gal-1,":[98],"gal-3,":[99],"gal-9":[100],"gal-13,":[102],"interface.":[106],"We":[107],"summarize":[109],"current":[111],"regarding":[113],"involvement":[115],"congenital":[117,211],"infections":[118],"caused":[119],"by":[120],"cytomegalovirus":[121],"(CMV),":[122],"Zika":[123],"virus":[124,129],"(ZIKV),":[125],"human":[127],"immunodeficiency":[128],"(HIV).":[130],"Available":[131],"studies":[132],"indicate":[133],"gals":[135,169],"modulate":[136],"key":[137],"processes,":[138],"including":[139],"cell":[143],"activation,":[144],"inflammation,":[145],"persistence,":[147],"transmission,":[150],"although":[151],"specific":[153],"action":[156],"within":[157],"placenta":[159],"remain":[160],"poorly":[161],"understood.":[162],"Collectively,":[163],"available":[165],"suggests":[167],"exert":[170],"dual":[171],"context-dependent":[173],"as":[176],"critical":[177],"regulators":[178],"delicate":[181],"between":[183],"antiviral":[187],"defense.":[188],"A":[189],"better":[190,216],"understanding":[191,206],"may":[195],"contribute":[196],"identification":[199],"novel":[201],"biomarkers":[202],"improve":[204],"our":[205],"pathogenesis":[209],"infections,":[212],"ultimately":[213],"leading":[214],"pregnancy":[217],"outcomes.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-21T00:00:00"}
