{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223035232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1954427","title":"The insulin gene in humans and mice: evolution, regulation, and sex-specific mechanisms of diabetes susceptibility","display_name":"The insulin gene in humans and mice: evolution, regulation, and sex-specific mechanisms of diabetes susceptibility","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223035232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1954427","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42979254","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13728926"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1954427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1954427","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1954427","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2026.1954427/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597401208","display_name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","issn_l":"1664-2392","issn":["1664-2392"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2026.1954427/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046451709","display_name":"Ali Mazloum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5982-8393","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5982-8393"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150057","display_name":"Centre of Advanced Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04my10541","country_code":"RU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150057"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ali Mazloum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies","Moscow Center for Advanced Studies"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moscow Center for Advanced Studies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150057"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072379885","display_name":"Nikita Batashkov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150057","display_name":"Centre of Advanced Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04my10541","country_code":"RU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150057"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikita Batashkov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies","Moscow Center for Advanced Studies"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moscow Center for Advanced Studies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150057"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139334992","display_name":"Veronika Ledyaeva","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150057","display_name":"Centre of Advanced Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04my10541","country_code":"RU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150057"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Veronika Ledyaeva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies","Moscow Center for Advanced Studies"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moscow Center for Advanced Studies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150057"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139338422","display_name":"Gava Khulkhachiev","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gava Khulkhachiev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091454408","display_name":"Dmitry Tabakov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150057","display_name":"Centre of Advanced Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04my10541","country_code":"RU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150057"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dmitry Tabakov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies","Moscow Center for Advanced Studies"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moscow Center for Advanced Studies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150057"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075576966","display_name":"Olga N. Mityaeva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9252-1601","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9252-1601"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150057","display_name":"Centre of Advanced Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04my10541","country_code":"RU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150057"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olga N. Mityaeva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies","Moscow Center for Advanced Studies"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moscow Center for Advanced Studies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150057"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029359189","display_name":"Pavel Volchkov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-6297","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-6297"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19880235","display_name":"Lomonosov Moscow State University","ror":"https://ror.org/010pmpe69","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19880235"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087337","display_name":"Moscow Clinical Scientific Center","ror":"https://ror.org/000wnz761","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087337"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150057","display_name":"Centre of Advanced Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04my10541","country_code":"RU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150057"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pavel Yu Volchkov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University","Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies","Moscow Center for Advanced Studies","Moscow Clinical Scientific Center named after Anatoly Sergeevich (N. A. A. S.) Loginov"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19880235"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moscow Center for Advanced Studies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150057"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moscow Clinical Scientific Center named after Anatoly Sergeevich (N. A. A. S.) Loginov","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046451709"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150057"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58267181,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1954427","last_page":"1954427"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10839","display_name":"Pancreatic function and diabetes","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10839","display_name":"Pancreatic function and diabetes","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11171","display_name":"Diabetes and associated disorders","score":0.01360000018030405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13252","display_name":"Sex and Gender in Healthcare","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-gene","display_name":"insulin gene","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-1-diabetes","display_name":"type 1 diabetes","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/species-differences","display_name":"species differences","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-mouse-comparison","display_name":"human-mouse comparison","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pancreatic-islets","display_name":"pancreatic islets","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatin-accessibility","display_name":"chromatin accessibility","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estrogen-receptor-alpha","display_name":"estrogen receptor alpha","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-sensitivity","display_name":"insulin sensitivity","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-cell-function","display_name":"beta-cell function","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucose-homeostasis","display_name":"glucose homeostasis","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression-regulation","display_name":"gene expression regulation","score":0.4099999964237213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.6568999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.6492999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.5717999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.5625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5613999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.531499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.522599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71315377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364","display_name":"Hormone","level":2,"score":0.46779999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779855799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728309","display_name":"Pancreatic islets","level":4,"score":0.43689998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777164284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277954","display_name":"Estrogen","level":2,"score":0.42309999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781232474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124407","display_name":"Type 1 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.4106000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112446052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422579","display_name":"Insulin receptor","level":4,"score":0.40070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.390500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84606932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416496","display_name":"Estrogen receptor","level":4,"score":0.38029998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83640560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180951","display_name":"Chromatin","level":3,"score":0.37779998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.3720000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.36970001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3598000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172313692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14902310","display_name":"Estrogen receptor alpha","level":5,"score":0.32580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.3237000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.30970001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017594256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin sensitivity","level":4,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165864922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411391","display_name":"Regulation of gene expression","level":3,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165220095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207524","display_name":"Islet","level":3,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127561419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224527","display_name":"Downregulation and upregulation","level":3,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017643693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180951","display_name":"Sex chromatin","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778764654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9618","display_name":"Pancreas","level":2,"score":0.2522999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69991583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423575","display_name":"Candidate gene","level":3,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005786","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012727","descriptor_name":"Sex Characteristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020022","descriptor_name":"Genetic Predisposition to Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1954427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1954427","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1954427","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2026.1954427/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597401208","display_name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","issn_l":"1664-2392","issn":["1664-2392"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13728926","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13728926/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13728926/pdf/fendo-17-1954427.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42979254","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42979254","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in endocrinology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a2a54670c9134d029c9af1afe08d97ad","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a2a54670c9134d029c9af1afe08d97ad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1954427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1954427","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1954427","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2026.1954427/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597401208","display_name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","issn_l":"1664-2392","issn":["1664-2392"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G484332001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23- 64-00002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324099","funder_display_name":"Russian Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321912","display_name":"Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation","ror":"https://ror.org/00ghqgy32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324099","display_name":"Russian Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03y2gwe85"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223035232.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223035232.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":156,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492946553","https://openalex.org/W1822086681","https://openalex.org/W1972676659","https://openalex.org/W1977706274","https://openalex.org/W1978661176","https://openalex.org/W1979532631","https://openalex.org/W1981650376","https://openalex.org/W1987051954","https://openalex.org/W1993719296","https://openalex.org/W2007910255","https://openalex.org/W2008208329","https://openalex.org/W2010357255","https://openalex.org/W2015941944","https://openalex.org/W2018054151","https://openalex.org/W2024589245","https://openalex.org/W2026444172","https://openalex.org/W2026468137","https://openalex.org/W2029549914","https://openalex.org/W2029790191","https://openalex.org/W2035280048","https://openalex.org/W2037648723","https://openalex.org/W2038913799","https://openalex.org/W2039801123","https://openalex.org/W2040328785","https://openalex.org/W2042047607","https://openalex.org/W2044492002","https://openalex.org/W2050008281","https://openalex.org/W2056439165","https://openalex.org/W2057309084","https://openalex.org/W2062573090","https://openalex.org/W2064437160","https://openalex.org/W2064671008","https://openalex.org/W2066468421","https://openalex.org/W2067349147","https://openalex.org/W2074528335","https://openalex.org/W2074997611","https://openalex.org/W2075388945","https://openalex.org/W2080608051","https://openalex.org/W2082137006","https://openalex.org/W2083399904","https://openalex.org/W2088012387","https://openalex.org/W2091085717","https://openalex.org/W2091933744","https://openalex.org/W2095533838","https://openalex.org/W2097848434","https://openalex.org/W2102223833","https://openalex.org/W2104680567","https://openalex.org/W2104738846","https://openalex.org/W2107144645","https://openalex.org/W2107644576","https://openalex.org/W2112859340","https://openalex.org/W2116818563","https://openalex.org/W2117559470","https://openalex.org/W2123432388","https://openalex.org/W2126278946","https://openalex.org/W2126705032","https://openalex.org/W2127238864","https://openalex.org/W2132393729","https://openalex.org/W2140784970","https://openalex.org/W2141759136","https://openalex.org/W2141885064","https://openalex.org/W2142228286","https://openalex.org/W2142486892","https://openalex.org/W2144783013","https://openalex.org/W2144958072","https://openalex.org/W2146728525","https://openalex.org/W2147900846","https://openalex.org/W2149120265","https://openalex.org/W2150854253","https://openalex.org/W2154439459","https://openalex.org/W2159581380","https://openalex.org/W2163187036","https://openalex.org/W2165266278","https://openalex.org/W2171530288","https://openalex.org/W2171653972","https://openalex.org/W2173139831","https://openalex.org/W2206854629","https://openalex.org/W2266478788","https://openalex.org/W2311754459","https://openalex.org/W2328204369","https://openalex.org/W2330404436","https://openalex.org/W2338167986","https://openalex.org/W2341046327","https://openalex.org/W2345328813","https://openalex.org/W2380336419","https://openalex.org/W2404939443","https://openalex.org/W2466174852","https://openalex.org/W2468439788","https://openalex.org/W2520965303","https://openalex.org/W2609317492","https://openalex.org/W2766208502","https://openalex.org/W2769472395","https://openalex.org/W2787932709","https://openalex.org/W2789412809","https://openalex.org/W2792809753","https://openalex.org/W2798149087","https://openalex.org/W2801252650","https://openalex.org/W2803755660","https://openalex.org/W2804386169","https://openalex.org/W2807893746","https://openalex.org/W2808027779","https://openalex.org/W2863269164","https://openalex.org/W2888775859","https://openalex.org/W2890668604","https://openalex.org/W2891835591","https://openalex.org/W2911269040","https://openalex.org/W2939791808","https://openalex.org/W2951089612","https://openalex.org/W2963380087","https://openalex.org/W2984673440","https://openalex.org/W2991033511","https://openalex.org/W2995234713","https://openalex.org/W2999824588","https://openalex.org/W2999941753","https://openalex.org/W3008005014","https://openalex.org/W3022279537","https://openalex.org/W3040377781","https://openalex.org/W3043463685","https://openalex.org/W3088398787","https://openalex.org/W3097075847","https://openalex.org/W3112165855","https://openalex.org/W3133662852","https://openalex.org/W3133935731","https://openalex.org/W3139960520","https://openalex.org/W3201663978","https://openalex.org/W3201897986","https://openalex.org/W3206168900","https://openalex.org/W4206799195","https://openalex.org/W4211201846","https://openalex.org/W4220694340","https://openalex.org/W4231893092","https://openalex.org/W4308581860","https://openalex.org/W4318755434","https://openalex.org/W4323804403","https://openalex.org/W4385237955","https://openalex.org/W4386512404","https://openalex.org/W4388687674","https://openalex.org/W4390695607","https://openalex.org/W4391073959","https://openalex.org/W4394580078","https://openalex.org/W4396917273","https://openalex.org/W4399334942","https://openalex.org/W4400308753","https://openalex.org/W4402540555","https://openalex.org/W4408244631","https://openalex.org/W4409202240","https://openalex.org/W4412556176","https://openalex.org/W4413440555","https://openalex.org/W4414129013","https://openalex.org/W4417183997","https://openalex.org/W4417523995","https://openalex.org/W7119507427","https://openalex.org/W7124432812","https://openalex.org/W7124915556","https://openalex.org/W7126408286","https://openalex.org/W7140121705"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4404542306","https://openalex.org/W7148248160","https://openalex.org/W2778951865","https://openalex.org/W3145496781","https://openalex.org/W7140121705","https://openalex.org/W2164441586","https://openalex.org/W4403151699","https://openalex.org/W6923468717","https://openalex.org/W4296709999","https://openalex.org/W4317867047"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,126],"insulin":[1,35,51,140,161],"gene":[2,36,62,113,162],"(INS)":[3],"encodes":[4],"a":[5,59],"peptide":[6],"hormone":[7],"critical":[8],"for":[9,93,166],"glucose":[10],"homeostasis,":[11],"and":[12,19,30,39,54,82,112,142,156],"its":[13],"dysregulation":[14],"underlies":[15],"both":[16,154],"type":[17,20,123],"1":[18],"2":[21,124],"diabetes":[22,70,97],"mellitus.":[23],"This":[24],"review":[25,88],"compares":[26],"the":[27,34,46,90],"structural":[28],"organization":[29],"functional":[31],"regulation":[32],"of":[33,48,129,153,160],"in":[37,56,63,76,96,122,145],"humans":[38],"mice,":[40,78],"highlighting":[41],"key":[42],"species":[43,83,157],"differences":[44,95,119],"including":[45],"presence":[47],"two":[49],"non-allelic":[50],"genes":[52],"(Ins1":[53],"Ins2)":[55],"mice":[57],"versus":[58],"single":[60],"INS":[61],"humans.":[64],"Despite":[65],"these":[66],"differences,":[67],"most":[68],"preclinical":[69],"research":[71],"has":[72],"historically":[73],"been":[74],"conducted":[75],"male":[77],"potentially":[79],"concealing":[80],"sex":[81,118],"specific":[84],"mechanisms.":[85],"Additionally,":[86],"this":[87],"examines":[89],"growing":[91],"evidence":[92],"sex-specific":[94,109],"susceptibility.":[98],"Recent":[99],"single-cell":[100],"multi-omics":[101],"studies":[102,163],"reveal":[103],"that":[104,150],"human":[105],"pancreatic":[106],"islets":[107],"exhibit":[108],"chromatin":[110],"accessibility":[111],"expression":[114],"patterns,":[115],"with":[116],"autosomal":[117],"emerging":[120],"predominantly":[121],"diabetes.":[125],"protective":[127],"effects":[128],"estrogen,":[130],"mediated":[131],"through":[132],"estrogen":[133],"receptor":[134],"\u03b1":[135],"signaling,":[136],"contribute":[137],"to":[138],"enhanced":[139],"sensitivity":[141],"beta-cell":[143],"function":[144],"premenopausal":[146],"females.":[147],"We":[148],"argue":[149],"routine":[151],"inclusion":[152],"sexes":[155],"aware":[158],"interpretation":[159],"are":[164],"prerequisites":[165],"precision":[167],"diabetology.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-21T00:00:00"}
