{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223029344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1883099","title":"Public preferences for health data sharing governance: a discrete choice experiment in China","display_name":"Public preferences for health data sharing governance: a discrete choice experiment in China","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223029344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1883099","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42978680","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13727597"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1883099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1883099","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1883099","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1883099/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1883099/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045529329","display_name":"Jie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1384-8751","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1384-8751"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Law, Chongqing University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Law, Chongqing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020596523","display_name":"Yulu Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0785-5814","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0785-5814","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7871-1759"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulu Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Law, Beijing Jiaotong University","School of Law, Tsinghua University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Law, Beijing Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Law, Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008654667","display_name":"\u60e0\u6000\u6210","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125346","display_name":"Gansu Institute of Political Science and Law","ror":"https://ror.org/025km4h87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125346"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaicheng Hui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Law, Gansu University of Political Science and Law"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Law, Gansu University of Political Science and Law","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125346"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079021520","display_name":"Xisheng HUANG","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xisheng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Law, Chongqing University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Law, Chongqing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079021520"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81705419,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"1883099","last_page":"1883099"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.39989998936653137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.39989998936653137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14029","display_name":"Thoreau and American Literature","score":0.24560000002384186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.0706000030040741,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-data-sharing","display_name":"health data sharing","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-governance","display_name":"data governance","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-preferences","display_name":"public preferences","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-sensitivity","display_name":"data sensitivity","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trust-in-government","display_name":"public trust in government","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-stewardship","display_name":"data stewardship","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-sharing-incentives","display_name":"data sharing incentives","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference-heterogeneity","display_name":"preference heterogeneity","score":0.8389999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776640315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315941","display_name":"Respondent","level":2,"score":0.6025000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93225998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941972","display_name":"Moderation","level":2,"score":0.5396000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5386000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.5153999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.5044999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.483599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.46209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.4578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95057490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6883984","display_name":"Mixed logit","level":3,"score":0.45590001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.4422999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4081000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70727504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806878","display_name":"Latent class model","level":2,"score":0.3968000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779891390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964630","display_name":"Custodians","level":2,"score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190669063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282043","display_name":"Discrete choice","level":2,"score":0.3580999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.3447999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138551086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842271","display_name":"Marginal utility","level":2,"score":0.3377000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.33730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524218345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31218","display_name":"Health economics","level":3,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162222271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92779871","display_name":"Public good","level":2,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53059260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374758","display_name":"Multilevel model","level":2,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779110102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1323737","display_name":"Revealed preference","level":2,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24614281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17086331","display_name":"Moderated mediation","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002755","descriptor_name":"Choice Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003258","descriptor_name":"Consumer Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011639","descriptor_name":"Public Opinion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D033181","descriptor_name":"Information Dissemination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035502","descriptor_name":"Trust","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1883099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1883099","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1883099","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1883099/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42978680","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42978680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13727597","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13727597/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:08237f561e4a472fa6085365ffa55934","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/08237f561e4a472fa6085365ffa55934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health, Vol 14 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1883099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1883099","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1883099","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1883099/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6601999998092651,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223029344.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223029344.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1545190392","https://openalex.org/W1600506198","https://openalex.org/W1966503997","https://openalex.org/W1980132682","https://openalex.org/W1983062003","https://openalex.org/W1985943329","https://openalex.org/W2004910511","https://openalex.org/W2009942139","https://openalex.org/W2029807096","https://openalex.org/W2036418928","https://openalex.org/W2044833080","https://openalex.org/W2060427373","https://openalex.org/W2065092922","https://openalex.org/W2066004246","https://openalex.org/W2075091874","https://openalex.org/W2079516101","https://openalex.org/W2080453063","https://openalex.org/W2082859644","https://openalex.org/W2091580613","https://openalex.org/W2093584567","https://openalex.org/W2102303925","https://openalex.org/W2105846236","https://openalex.org/W2114220294","https://openalex.org/W2121722424","https://openalex.org/W2122234449","https://openalex.org/W2122707212","https://openalex.org/W2124972954","https://openalex.org/W2130140239","https://openalex.org/W2135569169","https://openalex.org/W2142175015","https://openalex.org/W2151119167","https://openalex.org/W2157989366","https://openalex.org/W2159936838","https://openalex.org/W2163241745","https://openalex.org/W2263165437","https://openalex.org/W2551792675","https://openalex.org/W2578737595","https://openalex.org/W2591061043","https://openalex.org/W2604782718","https://openalex.org/W2745098867","https://openalex.org/W2768112689","https://openalex.org/W2768249236","https://openalex.org/W2899768131","https://openalex.org/W2908201961","https://openalex.org/W2913812060","https://openalex.org/W2924023035","https://openalex.org/W2964386110","https://openalex.org/W2976258142","https://openalex.org/W2982749475","https://openalex.org/W3022009422","https://openalex.org/W3035619084","https://openalex.org/W3090937167","https://openalex.org/W3098569636","https://openalex.org/W3162761077","https://openalex.org/W3188471205","https://openalex.org/W4235678817","https://openalex.org/W4307851400","https://openalex.org/W4311953217","https://openalex.org/W4318677997","https://openalex.org/W4383302276","https://openalex.org/W4384933387","https://openalex.org/W4385883817","https://openalex.org/W4385968556","https://openalex.org/W4388940677","https://openalex.org/W4389896630","https://openalex.org/W4392914547","https://openalex.org/W4400302718","https://openalex.org/W4402336116","https://openalex.org/W4406833263","https://openalex.org/W4413450006","https://openalex.org/W7138835230","https://openalex.org/W7164483515"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3111082346","https://openalex.org/W3162761077","https://openalex.org/W4388721195","https://openalex.org/W4388940677","https://openalex.org/W7113672270","https://openalex.org/W4294920919","https://openalex.org/W3209161690","https://openalex.org/W2419618074","https://openalex.org/W4229456416","https://openalex.org/W7138835230"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Public":[1],"acceptance":[2],"is":[3,328],"central":[4],"to":[5,89,277],"legitimate":[6],"and":[7,45,54,83,106,127,138,144,166,184,196,240,247,274,291,300,314,331],"effective":[8],"health":[9,39,177,190,245,319],"data":[10,40,48,97,107,136,157,296],"sharing":[11,41,205],"governance,":[12],"yet":[13],"evidence":[14],"on":[15,322],"how":[16],"people":[17],"evaluate":[18],"multidimensional":[19],"arrangements":[20,210],"across":[21],"data-sensitivity":[22],"contexts":[23],"remains":[24],"limited.":[25],"Existing":[26],"studies":[27],"often":[28],"examine":[29],"institutional":[30],"attributes":[31],"in":[32,43,51,141,222,268,307],"isolation.":[33],"We":[34,61],"investigated":[35],"public":[36,185],"preferences":[37],"for":[38,214,229,237,294,303],"governance":[42,173,282,285,312],"China":[44],"examined":[46,133,150],"whether":[47],"sensitivity,":[49],"trust":[50,140,221,233],"government":[52,142,223,308],"organizations,":[53,143],"individual":[55],"heterogeneity":[56],"shaped":[57],"these":[58],"preferences.":[59],"Methods:":[60],"conducted":[62],"a":[63,72,145,204],"discrete":[64],"choice":[65,76,112],"experiment":[66,93],"with":[67,123,253,297],"adult":[68],"Chinese":[69],"citizens":[70],"using":[71],"D-efficient":[73],"design.":[74],"Fifteen":[75],"sets":[77],"were":[78,272],"divided":[79],"into":[80],"three":[81,262],"blocks,":[82],"each":[84],"respondent":[85],"was":[86,225],"randomly":[87],"assigned":[88],"one":[90],"block.":[91],"The":[92,217],"varied":[94,252],"five":[95],"attributes:":[96],"custodian,":[98],"purpose":[99],"of":[100,170,202,220,244,318],"use,":[101],"rights":[102,182,289],"protection,":[103],"incentive":[104],"type,":[105],"type.":[108],"Using":[109],"7,405":[110],"valid":[111],"observations":[113],"from":[114],"1,481":[115],"respondents,":[116],"we":[117],"estimated":[118],"average":[119,162],"marginal":[120,163],"component":[121,164],"effects":[122,169,213],"ordinary":[124],"least":[125],"squares":[126],"respondent-clustered":[128],"standard":[129],"errors.":[130],"Interaction":[131],"models":[132],"moderation":[134],"by":[135,139,280],"type":[137,158],"supplementary":[146,256],"latent":[147,258],"class":[148,259],"analysis":[149,260],"preference":[151,236,264],"heterogeneity.":[152],"Results:":[153],"Within":[154],"this":[155,269],"design,":[156],"had":[159,211],"the":[160,168,171,200,208,235,242,315,323],"largest":[161],"effect":[165,243,251],"moderated":[167],"other":[172,249],"arrangements.":[174],"For":[175,188],"sensitive":[176,215,295],"data,":[178,191],"respondents":[179],"preferred":[180],"strong":[181],"protection":[183,290],"hospital":[186],"custodianship.":[187],"general":[189,304],"government-affiliated":[192,238],"neutral":[193],"third-party":[194],"custodianship":[195,293],"non-cash":[197],"incentives":[198,302],"increased":[199],"probability":[201],"choosing":[203],"profile,":[206],"whereas":[207],"same":[209],"negative":[212],"data.":[216,305],"moderating":[218],"role":[219],"organizations":[224,309],"conditional.":[226],"After":[227],"correction":[228],"multiple":[230],"comparisons,":[231],"higher":[232],"strengthened":[234],"custodians":[239],"weakened":[241],"points,":[246],"no":[248],"attribute":[250],"trust.":[254],"A":[255],"penalized":[257],"suggested":[261],"exploratory":[263],"profiles.":[265],"Conclusion:":[266],"Preferences":[267],"online":[270],"sample":[271],"context-dependent":[273],"are":[275],"unlikely":[276],"be":[278],"accommodated":[279],"uniform":[281],"frameworks.":[283],"Risk-stratified":[284],"should":[286],"combine":[287],"stronger":[288],"accountable":[292],"streamlined":[298],"procedures":[299],"calibrated":[301],"Trust":[306],"conditioned":[310],"selected":[311],"preferences,":[313],"social":[316],"usefulness":[317],"information":[320],"depends":[321],"conditions":[324],"under":[325],"which":[326],"it":[327],"collected,":[329],"accessed,":[330],"shared.":[332]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-10-21T00:00:00"}
