{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7222998211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76674-8","title":"Every drop counts: optimizing water use efficiency for sustainable tomato production","display_name":"Every drop counts: optimizing water use efficiency for sustainable tomato production","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7222998211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76674-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-76674-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76674-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76674-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76674-8_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76674-8_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043443534","display_name":"Vin\u00edcius Villa e Vila","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8757-8195","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8757-8195"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vin\u00edcius Villa e Vila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biosystems Engineering Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture/ESALQ, University of S\u00e3o Paulo/USP, Padua Dias Avenue 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8757-8195","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biosystems Engineering Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture/ESALQ, University of S\u00e3o Paulo/USP, Padua Dias Avenue 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122799949","display_name":"Gabriel Villela Bedum","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Villela Bedum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biosystems Engineering Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture/ESALQ, University of S\u00e3o Paulo/USP, Padua Dias Avenue 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biosystems Engineering Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture/ESALQ, University of S\u00e3o Paulo/USP, Padua Dias Avenue 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124475313","display_name":"Mateus Silva Gelain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0095-2103","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0095-2103"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mateus Silva Gelain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biosystems Engineering Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture/ESALQ, University of S\u00e3o Paulo/USP, Padua Dias Avenue 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biosystems Engineering Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture/ESALQ, University of S\u00e3o Paulo/USP, Padua Dias Avenue 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159154639","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Luiz da Mata Melo Junior","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 Luiz da Mata Melo Junior","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biosystems Engineering Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture/ESALQ, University of S\u00e3o Paulo/USP, Padua Dias Avenue 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biosystems Engineering Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture/ESALQ, University of S\u00e3o Paulo/USP, Padua Dias Avenue 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041525177","display_name":"Tamara Maria Gomes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8618-2532","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8618-2532"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tamara Maria Gomes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering/FZEA, Biosystems Engineering Department, University of S\u00e3o Paulo/USP, Duque de Caxias 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering/FZEA, Biosystems Engineering Department, University of S\u00e3o Paulo/USP, Duque de Caxias 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144400724","display_name":"Roberto Fray da Silva","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Fray da Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biosystems Engineering Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture/ESALQ, University of S\u00e3o Paulo/USP, Padua Dias Avenue 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biosystems Engineering Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture/ESALQ, University of S\u00e3o Paulo/USP, Padua Dias Avenue 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024982413","display_name":"Patr\u00edcia Ang\u00e9lica Alves Marques","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6818-4833","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6818-4833"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Ang\u00e9lica Alves Marques","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biosystems Engineering Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture/ESALQ, University of S\u00e3o Paulo/USP, Padua Dias Avenue 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biosystems Engineering Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture/ESALQ, University of S\u00e3o Paulo/USP, Padua Dias Avenue 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043443534"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74816034,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12407","display_name":"Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12710","display_name":"Engineering and Agricultural Innovations","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deficit-irrigation","display_name":"deficit irrigation","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biostimulants","display_name":"biostimulants","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ascophyllum-nodosum-extract","display_name":"Ascophyllum nodosum extract","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomato-cultivation","display_name":"tomato cultivation","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-use-efficiency","display_name":"water use efficiency","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-use-efficiency","display_name":"energy use efficiency","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protected-cultivation","display_name":"protected cultivation","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-evapotranspiration","display_name":"crop evapotranspiration","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-stress","display_name":"water stress","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photosynthesis","display_name":"photosynthesis","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-relative-water-content","display_name":"leaf relative water content","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/over-irrigation","display_name":"over-irrigation","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-horticulture","display_name":"sustainable horticulture","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-scarcity","display_name":"water scarcity","score":0.8640000224113464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.7020999789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776325102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2551340","display_name":"Water-use efficiency","level":3,"score":0.6378999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195092306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3777161","display_name":"Deficit irrigation","level":4,"score":0.6355000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.5706999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51193700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5376358","display_name":"Water scarcity","level":3,"score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5645999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149207113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26534","display_name":"Water use","level":2,"score":0.5008999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176783924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828158","display_name":"Evapotranspiration","level":2,"score":0.48579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4797999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54924851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751054","display_name":"Sustainable agriculture","level":3,"score":0.4401000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.42570000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176205827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5435593","display_name":"Farm water","level":4,"score":0.4212000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153823671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049799","display_name":"Water resources","level":2,"score":0.40619999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126343540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Crop yield","level":2,"score":0.39079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.3846000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.3626999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152453397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746694","display_name":"Drip irrigation","level":3,"score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112077630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623678","display_name":"Irrigation management","level":3,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777589951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6073845","display_name":"Irrigation scheduling","level":3,"score":0.3188000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110158866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462136","display_name":"Water conservation","level":3,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109747225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815758","display_name":"Scarcity","level":2,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88199923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627371","display_name":"Food processing","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.26460000872612}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-76674-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76674-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76674-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76674-8_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-76674-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76674-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76674-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76674-8_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":1.0,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8485000133514404,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.6618000268936157,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.5925999879837036,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.5351999998092651,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222998211.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222998211.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88119326","https://openalex.org/W180836830","https://openalex.org/W1966180764","https://openalex.org/W1968840932","https://openalex.org/W1969002601","https://openalex.org/W1973838149","https://openalex.org/W1980526420","https://openalex.org/W1991191712","https://openalex.org/W2060996474","https://openalex.org/W2067394810","https://openalex.org/W2070526569","https://openalex.org/W2083835866","https://openalex.org/W2166561096","https://openalex.org/W2166983542","https://openalex.org/W2313471177","https://openalex.org/W2418261485","https://openalex.org/W2520760716","https://openalex.org/W2936375283","https://openalex.org/W2940792227","https://openalex.org/W3021405722","https://openalex.org/W3025466973","https://openalex.org/W3133747005","https://openalex.org/W3194286860","https://openalex.org/W3213153788","https://openalex.org/W4200379152","https://openalex.org/W4220710413","https://openalex.org/W4287092009","https://openalex.org/W4311778532","https://openalex.org/W4320905125","https://openalex.org/W4384341696","https://openalex.org/W4386395363","https://openalex.org/W4388100368","https://openalex.org/W4388923337","https://openalex.org/W4393978250","https://openalex.org/W4403976146","https://openalex.org/W4408656235","https://openalex.org/W4409411841","https://openalex.org/W4409444791","https://openalex.org/W4409697674","https://openalex.org/W7140170228","https://openalex.org/W7155089785","https://openalex.org/W7162465969","https://openalex.org/W7204541207"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4410383328","https://openalex.org/W4297093476","https://openalex.org/W7120433264","https://openalex.org/W4392628168","https://openalex.org/W4400422857","https://openalex.org/W4388181997","https://openalex.org/W7196969379","https://openalex.org/W4400925148","https://openalex.org/W4405008937","https://openalex.org/W4415660952"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ensuring":[0],"food":[1,289],"production":[2,77,115,175],"in":[3,39,283,295],"the":[4,13,30,52,99,128,140,145,152,157],"face":[5],"of":[6,12,32,45,54,92,101,125,243,267],"increasing":[7,123],"water":[8,25,36,66,126,153,189,209,251,281,293],"scarcity":[9],"is":[10,41],"one":[11],"main":[14],"challenges":[15],"for":[16,280],"sustainable":[17,75],"agriculture":[18,40],"worldwide.":[19],"As":[20,117],"climate":[21],"change":[22],"intensifies":[23],"and":[24,57,67,90,205,211,249],"availability":[26],"becomes":[27],"increasingly":[28],"limited,":[29],"adoption":[31],"strategies":[33],"that":[34,162],"enhance":[35],"use":[37,69,190,252],"efficiency":[38,253],"imperative.":[42],"The":[43,79,159,263],"objective":[44],"this":[46],"study":[47,80,160],"was":[48],"to":[49,73,122,180,203,214,227,256,274,286],"evaluate":[50],"whether":[51],"combination":[53],"deficit":[55,164],"irrigation":[56,83,142,165,182],"biostimulant":[58,103],"application":[59,100],"can":[60],"maintain":[61],"tomato":[62,118,296],"yield":[63],"while":[64,187],"improving":[65],"energy":[68,222,241],"efficiency,":[70],"thereby":[71],"contributing":[72,285],"more":[74,135,287],"horticultural":[76],"systems.":[78],"evaluated":[81],"five":[82],"replacement":[84,143],"levels,":[85,144],"40,":[86],"60,":[87],"80,":[88],"100,":[89],"120%":[91],"crop":[93,132],"evapotranspiration":[94],"(ETc)":[95],"with":[96,169],"or":[97],"without":[98,185],"a":[102,259],"derived":[104],"from":[105,225],"Ascophyllum":[106],"nodosum":[107],"extract":[108],"(ANE),":[109],"under":[110,194],"protected":[111],"cultivation":[112],"over":[113],"two":[114],"cycles.":[116],"plants":[119],"were":[120],"subjected":[121],"levels":[124],"deficit,":[127],"negative":[129],"impacts":[130],"on":[131,156],"performance":[133],"became":[134],"pronounced.":[136],"However,":[137],"when":[138],"comparing":[139],"same":[141],"ANE":[146,170,197,272],"applications":[147],"proved":[148,273],"beneficial":[149],"by":[150,191,201,254],"mitigating":[151],"stress":[154],"effects":[155],"crop.":[158],"demonstrated":[161],"moderate":[163],"(80%":[166],"ETc)":[167,237],"combined":[168],"promoted":[171],"stability":[172],"across":[173],"both":[174],"cycles,":[176],"sustaining":[177],"yields":[178],"comparable":[179],"full":[181],"(100%":[183],"ETc":[184,270],"ANE)":[186],"reducing":[188],"20%.":[192],"Plants":[193],"80%":[195,269],"+":[196,271],"enhanced":[198],"photosynthetic":[199],"rates":[200],"up":[202,255],"5.7\u20137.8%":[204],"kept":[206],"leaf":[207],"relative":[208],"content":[210],"temperature":[212],"close":[213],"unstressed":[215],"plants.":[216],"This":[217],"strategy":[218,266],"also":[219],"achieved":[220],"favorable":[221],"productivity,":[223],"ranging":[224],"0.70":[226],"0.72":[228],"kg":[229],"MJ":[230,245],"\u2212":[231,247],"1":[232,248],".":[233],"Conversely,":[234],"overirrigation":[235],"(120%":[236],"added":[238],"an":[239,276],"unnecessary":[240],"cost":[242],"0.6":[244],"plant":[246],"decreased":[250],"15.7\u201316.9%,":[257],"triggering":[258],"diminishing":[260],"returns":[261],"effect.":[262],"integrated":[264],"management":[265,294],"applying":[268],"be":[275],"environmentally":[277],"responsible":[278],"solution":[279],"saving":[282],"horticulture,":[284],"resource-efficient":[288],"systems":[290],"through":[291],"improved":[292],"production.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-21T00:00:00"}
