{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7222986200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1942164","title":"SDS screen-positive prediction from structured questionnaires in university students: a comparative evaluation of large language model prompting strategies","display_name":"SDS screen-positive prediction from structured questionnaires in university students: a comparative evaluation of large language model prompting strategies","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7222986200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1942164","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42973452","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13724331"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1942164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1942164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1942164","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1942164/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92766711","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","issn_l":"1664-0640","issn":["1664-0640"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1942164/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124174063","display_name":"Xiao Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132008074","display_name":"Huangshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05akhmy90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132008074"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["CN","MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA","School of Educational Sciences, Huangshan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Educational Sciences, Huangshan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132008074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069343419","display_name":"Ying Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1423-716X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1423-716X","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6014-0282","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4541-2766"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132008074","display_name":"Huangshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05akhmy90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132008074"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ying Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Educational Sciences, Huangshan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Educational Sciences, Huangshan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132008074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159063212","display_name":"Haibin Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132008074","display_name":"Huangshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05akhmy90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132008074"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Educational Sciences, Huangshan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Educational Sciences, Huangshan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132008074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124172551","display_name":"Huan Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132008074","display_name":"Huangshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05akhmy90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132008074"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Huangshan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Huangshan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132008074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129633473","display_name":"Xin Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7248-2800","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7248-2800"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135237710","display_name":"Zhejiang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vevwk45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Education, Zhejiang Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Education, Zhejiang Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080753121","display_name":"Huiying Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6704-0301","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6704-0301"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135237710","display_name":"Zhejiang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vevwk45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huiying Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101512133","display_name":"Tao Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2124-5678","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2124-5678"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135237710","display_name":"Zhejiang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vevwk45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Security Department, Zhejiang Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security Department, Zhejiang Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159049267","display_name":"Xiaolei Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135237710","display_name":"Zhejiang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vevwk45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Education, Zhejiang Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Education, Zhejiang Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123206742","display_name":"YeKai Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135237710","display_name":"Zhejiang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vevwk45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yekai Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159060100","display_name":"Jiaming Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135237710","display_name":"Zhejiang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vevwk45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050122606","display_name":"Bin Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9713-7737","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9713-7737"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135237710","display_name":"Zhejiang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vevwk45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematical Medicine, Zhejiang Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematical Medicine, Zhejiang Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159091417","display_name":"Lingwei Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingwei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["AIFORIA (Hangzhou) Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AIFORIA (Hangzhou) Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158933728","display_name":"ZhenDong Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135237710","display_name":"Zhejiang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vevwk45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhendong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158868011","display_name":"Xinzhong Zhu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135237710","display_name":"Zhejiang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vevwk45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinzhong Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069343419","https://openalex.org/A5080753121","https://openalex.org/A5124172551"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135237710","https://openalex.org/I3132008074"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80685146,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1942164","last_page":"1942164"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.7856000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.7856000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12488","display_name":"Mental Health via Writing","score":0.065700002014637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.03420000150799751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression-screening","display_name":"depression screening","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zung-self-rating-depression-scale","display_name":"Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prompt-engineering","display_name":"prompt engineering","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health-screening","display_name":"mental health screening","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threshold-selection","display_name":"threshold selection","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"calibration","score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gpt","display_name":"GPT","score":0.3790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gemini","display_name":"Gemini","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xgboost","display_name":"XGBoost","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brier-score","display_name":"Brier score","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-rating-anxiety-scale","display_name":"Self-Rating Anxiety Scale","score":0.6110000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35405484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4967066","display_name":"Brier score","level":2,"score":0.6953999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.611299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.5952000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.5482000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5389000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159744936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126730","display_name":"Spearman's rank correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.5296000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.5256999731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.517300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5167999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.46540001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4415999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.42809998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.373199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.3573000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55078378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136628","display_name":"Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.3521000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40993552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514654","display_name":"Gold standard (test)","level":2,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018023364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Significant difference","level":2,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163864269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107106","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","level":2,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18747219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620994","display_name":"Standard error","level":2,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.25290000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87227347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100713","display_name":"Ordered logit","level":2,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1942164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1942164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1942164","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1942164/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92766711","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","issn_l":"1664-0640","issn":["1664-0640"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13724331","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13724331/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13724331/pdf/fpsyt-17-1942164.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Psychiatry","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42973452","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42973452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in psychiatry","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e0524517214047d994a964c6ef589753","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e0524517214047d994a964c6ef589753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1942164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1942164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1942164","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1942164/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92766711","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","issn_l":"1664-0640","issn":["1664-0640"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330922","display_name":"Huangshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05akhmy90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222986200.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222986200.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966524739","https://openalex.org/W1969547130","https://openalex.org/W1993606944","https://openalex.org/W2170332928","https://openalex.org/W2317319709","https://openalex.org/W2751944115","https://openalex.org/W2901645529","https://openalex.org/W2914934274","https://openalex.org/W2949323116","https://openalex.org/W2961971294","https://openalex.org/W3148997915","https://openalex.org/W3172701880","https://openalex.org/W3185592080","https://openalex.org/W3202428668","https://openalex.org/W4220856280","https://openalex.org/W4220969884","https://openalex.org/W4280488363","https://openalex.org/W4281920142","https://openalex.org/W4282940074","https://openalex.org/W4311668966","https://openalex.org/W4366986547","https://openalex.org/W4372352528","https://openalex.org/W4381308808","https://openalex.org/W4385548782","https://openalex.org/W4385719666","https://openalex.org/W4386305978","https://openalex.org/W4390674087","https://openalex.org/W4390876555","https://openalex.org/W4391709246","https://openalex.org/W4391971084","https://openalex.org/W4392186538","https://openalex.org/W4394857110","https://openalex.org/W4398222071","https://openalex.org/W4399592113","https://openalex.org/W4400814499","https://openalex.org/W4401793114","https://openalex.org/W4402891150","https://openalex.org/W4402909345","https://openalex.org/W4403362497","https://openalex.org/W4404243795","https://openalex.org/W4405230597","https://openalex.org/W4405597099","https://openalex.org/W4406709267","https://openalex.org/W4406829669","https://openalex.org/W4407585037","https://openalex.org/W4407697226","https://openalex.org/W4408165783","https://openalex.org/W4408400492","https://openalex.org/W4408806526","https://openalex.org/W4410259312","https://openalex.org/W4410343249","https://openalex.org/W4411044404","https://openalex.org/W4412629766","https://openalex.org/W4412725232","https://openalex.org/W4412822443","https://openalex.org/W4413112181","https://openalex.org/W4413153848","https://openalex.org/W4413250701","https://openalex.org/W4414430615","https://openalex.org/W4415944590","https://openalex.org/W4416783393","https://openalex.org/W4416996480","https://openalex.org/W4417296978"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4412725232","https://openalex.org/W7202157342","https://openalex.org/W4409018984","https://openalex.org/W7170809414","https://openalex.org/W7162332934","https://openalex.org/W4412945505","https://openalex.org/W7222971242","https://openalex.org/W7168048176","https://openalex.org/W7160919314","https://openalex.org/W4414754409"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Large":[1],"language":[2],"models":[3],"(LLMs)":[4],"can":[5],"render":[6],"structured":[7],"questionnaire":[8,59,236,326],"variables":[9],"as":[10],"natural-language":[11],"profiles,":[12],"but":[13,301],"their":[14],"value":[15],"in":[16,32,103,275],"mental-health":[17],"screening":[18,140],"cannot":[19],"be":[20],"judged":[21],"from":[22],"a":[23,33,62,188,242,307],"single":[24,243],"fixed-threshold":[25],"score.":[26],"We":[27,84,105],"evaluated":[28,85],"LLM":[29,205,292],"prompt":[30,293],"conditions":[31,92,294],"cross-questionnaire":[34],"benchmark":[35,55],"for":[36,258,263],"predicting":[37],"screen-positive":[38],"status":[39],"on":[40,148,241,284],"the":[41,94,144,172,182,202,209,225,250,276,286,289,302],"Self-Rating":[42],"Depression":[43],"Scale":[44],"(SDS)":[45],"among":[46,201],"undergraduates.":[47],"The":[48,213],"intended":[49],"application":[50],"was":[51,221],"an":[52],"offline":[53],"methodological":[54],"using":[56],"previously":[57],"collected":[58],"data,":[60],"not":[61,269,305],"shorter":[63],"alternative":[64,123],"to":[65,74],"direct":[66],"SDS":[67,218],"administration.":[68],"Methods:":[69],"De-identified":[70],"records":[71],"were":[72,176,256,295],"assigned":[73],"Development":[75],"(n=1,951),":[76],"Test":[77,189],"(n=2,186),":[78],"and":[79,89,98,121,134,138,154,162,170,179,219,261,288,333],"Holdout":[80,252],"(n=2,258)":[81],"grade":[82],"cohorts.":[83],"logistic":[86],"regression,":[87],"XGBoost,":[88],"12":[90],"model-prompt":[91],"at":[93,99,131,297],"fixed":[95,145],"0.5":[96,146],"threshold":[97,147,287],"thresholds":[100,166],"selected":[101],"only":[102],"Development-validation.":[104],"also":[106],"examined":[107],"paired":[108],"bootstrap":[109],"differences,":[110],"ranking":[111],"stability,":[112],"scale":[113],"correlations,":[114],"grouped":[115],"ablations,":[116],"cohort":[117],"shift,":[118],"calibration":[119,125],"intercepts":[120],"slopes,":[122],"expected":[124],"error":[126],"specifications,":[127],"representative":[128,277],"repeated":[129,247],"calls":[130,248],"temperatures":[132],"0":[133,267],"0.1,":[135],"sex-stratified":[136],"performance,":[137],"per-1,000":[139],"scenarios.":[141],"Results:":[142],"At":[143,164,181],"Test,":[149],"GPT":[150,259,272],"E1,":[151],"Gemini":[152,264],"E2,":[153],"XGBoost":[155,186,207],"achieved":[156,187],"macro-F1":[157,174,190,199],"values":[158,175],"of":[159,167,191],"0.732,":[160],"0.730,":[161,178],"0.674.":[163],"Development-derived":[165],"0.38,":[168],"0.50,":[169],"0.174,":[171],"corresponding":[173],"0.702,":[177],"0.660.":[180],"Development-selected":[183],"specificity":[184],"target,":[185],"0.738.":[192],"Pairwise":[193],"intervals":[194],"showed":[195],"no":[196],"clear":[197],"fixed-0.5":[198],"difference":[200],"three":[203],"highest-ranked":[204],"conditions.":[206],"yielded":[208],"lowest":[210],"Brier":[211],"scores.":[212],"combined-sample":[214],"Spearman":[215],"correlation":[216,229],"between":[217],"SAS":[220],"0.60.":[222],"Together":[223],"with":[224],"ablation":[226],"results,":[227],"this":[228],"indicated":[230],"predictive":[231],"information":[232],"distributed":[233],"across":[234,249],"overlapping":[235],"groups":[237],"rather":[238],"than":[239],"dependence":[240],"measured":[244],"group.":[245],"In":[246],"complete":[251],"cohort,":[253],"inconsistent-case":[254],"rates":[255],"23.6%":[257],"E1":[260,273],"1.5%":[262],"E2.":[265],"Temperature":[266],"did":[268,304,316],"clearly":[270],"eliminate":[271],"instability":[274],"400-case":[278],"subset.":[279],"Discussion:":[280],"Model":[281],"conclusions":[282],"depended":[283],"both":[285],"metric.":[290],"Certain":[291],"competitive":[296],"specific":[298],"operating":[299],"points,":[300],"evidence":[303],"establish":[306,318],"stable":[308],"or":[309,324],"general":[310],"advantage":[311],"over":[312],"structured-data":[313],"models.":[314],"Nor":[315],"it":[317],"external":[319],"validity,":[320,332],"clinical":[321],"diagnostic":[322],"utility,":[323],"reduced":[325],"burden.":[327],"Threshold":[328],"choice,":[329],"calibration,":[330],"output":[331],"repeated-call":[334],"stability":[335],"therefore":[336],"require":[337],"separate":[338],"evaluation":[339],"before":[340],"prospective":[341],"use.":[342]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-10-20T00:00:00"}
