{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7222976217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2026.1959745","title":"Utility of extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis of central nervous system diseases","display_name":"Utility of extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis of central nervous system diseases","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7222976217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2026.1959745","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42974031","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13725108"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1959745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2026.1959745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2026.1959745","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1959745/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96975567","display_name":"Frontiers in Neurology","issn_l":"1664-2295","issn":["1664-2295"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1959745/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100626331","display_name":"Minghao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1705-0891","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1705-0891","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8961-3537"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134738993","display_name":"Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0523y5c19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134738993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134738993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034495603","display_name":"\u6768\u4fca\u6587","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134738993","display_name":"Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0523y5c19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134738993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junwen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134738993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159047175","display_name":"Conghao Gao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134738993","display_name":"Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0523y5c19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134738993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Conghao Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134738993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151937065","display_name":"Siyu Qu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134738993","display_name":"Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0523y5c19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134738993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyu Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134738993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159088957","display_name":"Hongyu Mi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134738993","display_name":"Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0523y5c19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134738993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyu Mi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134738993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159029967","display_name":"Yu Guo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134738993","display_name":"Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0523y5c19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134738993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134738993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101514217","display_name":"Ting Gui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1439-6272","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1439-6272"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134738993","display_name":"Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0523y5c19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134738993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ting Gui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134738993"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046006678","display_name":"Zhibo Gai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1673-6541","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1673-6541"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134738993","display_name":"Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0523y5c19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134738993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhibo Gai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134738993"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134738993"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046006678","https://openalex.org/A5101514217"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134738993"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47283787,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1959745","last_page":"1959745"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10773","display_name":"Extracellular vesicles in disease","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10773","display_name":"Extracellular vesicles in disease","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10063","display_name":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11406","display_name":"Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extracellular-vesicles","display_name":"extracellular vesicles","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-nervous-system-diseases","display_name":"central nervous system disorders","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-biopsy","display_name":"liquid biopsy","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebrospinal-fluid-biomarkers","display_name":"cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-brain-barrier","display_name":"blood-brain barrier","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinson-s-disease","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"stroke","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glioma","display_name":"glioma","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-sclerosis","display_name":"multiple sclerosis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/huntington-s-disease","display_name":"Huntington's disease","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis","display_name":"amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphorylated-tau","display_name":"phosphorylated tau","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-synuclein","display_name":"alpha-synuclein","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-diagnosis","display_name":"early diagnosis","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-diagnosis","display_name":"differential diagnosis","score":0.6949999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992929900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21097485","display_name":"Extracellular vesicles","level":2,"score":0.7649000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6840469","display_name":"Microvesicles","level":4,"score":0.6812999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.6658999919891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.5638999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5576000213623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.47920000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.475600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189206","display_name":"Vesicle","level":3,"score":0.45249998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779529041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22349364","display_name":"Liquid biopsy","level":3,"score":0.4375999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124535831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915074","display_name":"Biomarker discovery","level":4,"score":0.43709999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017616150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069330","display_name":"Diagnostic biomarker","level":3,"score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.4066999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908689518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21097485","display_name":"Extracellular vesicle","level":5,"score":0.4032999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24107716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123619","display_name":"Nucleic acid","level":2,"score":0.38659998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779651940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54196","display_name":"Cerebrospinal fluid","level":2,"score":0.37369999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.36629998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545706735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9404","display_name":"Nervous system","level":2,"score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780596555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206901","display_name":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","level":3,"score":0.36230000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.35690000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781261824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903634","display_name":"Exosome","level":5,"score":0.35120001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39944091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423279","display_name":"Lipid bilayer","level":3,"score":0.3490999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145059251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310899","display_name":"microRNA","level":3,"score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020728648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058795","display_name":"Biological fluids","level":2,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28406088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Extracellular","level":2,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778402981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221694","display_name":"Blood\u2013brain barrier","level":3,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46111723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471857","display_name":"Proteomics","level":3,"score":0.29750001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837512","display_name":"Differential diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776925932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755122","display_name":"Neurodegeneration","level":3,"score":0.2556000053882599}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000067128","descriptor_name":"Extracellular Vesicles","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002493","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002493","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1959745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2026.1959745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2026.1959745","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1959745/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96975567","display_name":"Frontiers in Neurology","issn_l":"1664-2295","issn":["1664-2295"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13725108","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13725108/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13725108/pdf/fneur-17-1959745.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Neurol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42974031","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42974031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in neurology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:17019b6fb0174fc78ee601c5727f4535","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/17019b6fb0174fc78ee601c5727f4535","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neurology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1959745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2026.1959745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2026.1959745","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1959745/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96975567","display_name":"Frontiers in Neurology","issn_l":"1664-2295","issn":["1664-2295"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8359898850","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2025MS1345","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311026","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222976217.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222976217.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1751448311","https://openalex.org/W1771394546","https://openalex.org/W1995903088","https://openalex.org/W2040989443","https://openalex.org/W2107705644","https://openalex.org/W2511373877","https://openalex.org/W2590009267","https://openalex.org/W2591872701","https://openalex.org/W2605842649","https://openalex.org/W2621189585","https://openalex.org/W2754967293","https://openalex.org/W2762191662","https://openalex.org/W2765115586","https://openalex.org/W2765199261","https://openalex.org/W2767162546","https://openalex.org/W2790294879","https://openalex.org/W2791750866","https://openalex.org/W2795447768","https://openalex.org/W2796190709","https://openalex.org/W2799712080","https://openalex.org/W2893982589","https://openalex.org/W2898395618","https://openalex.org/W2903555532","https://openalex.org/W2915895349","https://openalex.org/W2959365023","https://openalex.org/W2968609503","https://openalex.org/W2969723914","https://openalex.org/W2990795043","https://openalex.org/W3013209986","https://openalex.org/W3134861760","https://openalex.org/W3161995182","https://openalex.org/W3170543539","https://openalex.org/W3186270220","https://openalex.org/W4200018394","https://openalex.org/W4200306678","https://openalex.org/W4212964448","https://openalex.org/W4281767398","https://openalex.org/W4293865805","https://openalex.org/W4319299173","https://openalex.org/W4361984009","https://openalex.org/W4362639551","https://openalex.org/W4366225276","https://openalex.org/W4380686656","https://openalex.org/W4383069080","https://openalex.org/W4385703405","https://openalex.org/W4386544772","https://openalex.org/W4386766344","https://openalex.org/W4390589795","https://openalex.org/W4391649568","https://openalex.org/W4391990232","https://openalex.org/W4394753233","https://openalex.org/W4395010421","https://openalex.org/W4396762217","https://openalex.org/W4396891872","https://openalex.org/W4399548706","https://openalex.org/W4399644359","https://openalex.org/W4399781663","https://openalex.org/W4402922347","https://openalex.org/W4403215523","https://openalex.org/W4403647345","https://openalex.org/W4407821391","https://openalex.org/W4408922226","https://openalex.org/W4409037432","https://openalex.org/W4409159555","https://openalex.org/W4409490469","https://openalex.org/W4409898997","https://openalex.org/W4411571699","https://openalex.org/W4412121433","https://openalex.org/W4412539074","https://openalex.org/W4412676060","https://openalex.org/W4413306636","https://openalex.org/W4414656706","https://openalex.org/W4414708027","https://openalex.org/W4417122598","https://openalex.org/W7155070383","https://openalex.org/W7160526504","https://openalex.org/W7166116618","https://openalex.org/W7171505255","https://openalex.org/W7212186783"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4402644805","https://openalex.org/W3139030108","https://openalex.org/W4387931644","https://openalex.org/W4390571401","https://openalex.org/W4410966149","https://openalex.org/W4393862730","https://openalex.org/W3126653531","https://openalex.org/W7165924242","https://openalex.org/W4413686010","https://openalex.org/W4385703405"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Central":[0],"nervous":[1],"system":[2],"(CNS)":[3],"disorders":[4,175],"encompass":[5],"a":[6],"diverse":[7],"spectrum":[8],"of":[9,19,159,164,196],"conditions":[10],"characterized":[11],"by":[12,37],"intricate":[13],"pathological":[14],"mechanisms,":[15],"and":[16,43,50,65,75,98,122,144,167,183,187,193],"the":[17,20,54,147,157,162,189],"presence":[18],"blood-brain":[21],"barrier":[22],"(BBB)":[23],"has":[24],"long":[25],"impeded":[26],"early":[27,118],"diagnosis.":[28],"Extracellular":[29],"vesicles":[30],"(EVs)":[31],"are":[32],"lipid":[33],"bilayer":[34],"nanoparticles":[35],"released":[36],"living":[38],"cells":[39],"that":[40,89],"can":[41,57],"encapsulate":[42],"transport":[44],"bioactive":[45],"molecules":[46],"such":[47,62],"as":[48,63,78],"proteins":[49],"nucleic":[51],"acids":[52],"across":[53,109],"BBB.":[55],"EVs":[56,160],"be":[58],"detected":[59],"in":[60,156],"biofluids":[61],"blood":[64],"cerebrospinal":[66],"fluid":[67],"(CSF)":[68],"through":[69],"non-invasive":[70],"or":[71],"minimally":[72],"invasive":[73],"assays,":[74],"have":[76],"emerged":[77],"highly":[79],"promising":[80],"vehicles":[81],"for":[82,117,161],"CNS":[83,174],"liquid":[84],"biopsies.":[85],"Recent":[86],"studies":[87],"demonstrate":[88],"specific":[90],"EV-associated":[91],"protein":[92],"cargoes":[93],"(e.g.,":[94,101],"phosphorylated":[95],"tau,":[96],"\u03b1-syn)":[97],"non-coding":[99],"RNAs":[100],"miR-422a,":[102],"miR-409-3p)":[103],"exhibit":[104],"distinct":[105],"differential":[106,120],"expression":[107],"profiles":[108],"various":[110],"pathologies.":[111],"These":[112],"molecular":[113],"signatures":[114],"hold":[115],"promise":[116],"detection,":[119],"diagnosis,":[121],"disease":[123,166],"staging,":[124],"with":[125],"some":[126],"biomarker":[127],"panels":[128],"showing":[129],"high":[130],"diagnostic":[131],"accuracy.":[132],"However,":[133],"whether":[134],"they":[135],"outperform":[136],"conventional":[137],"CSF":[138],"biomarkers":[139],"still":[140],"requires":[141],"direct":[142],"comparison":[143],"validation":[145],"within":[146],"same":[148],"cohorts.":[149],"This":[150],"review":[151],"highlights":[152],"recent":[153],"research":[154],"advances":[155],"use":[158],"diagnosis":[163],"Alzheimer's":[165],"Parkinson's":[168],"disease,":[169,182],"briefly":[170],"touches":[171],"upon":[172],"other":[173],"including":[176],"stroke,":[177],"glioma,":[178],"multiple":[179],"sclerosis,":[180,186],"Huntington's":[181],"amyotrophic":[184],"lateral":[185],"discusses":[188],"clinical":[190],"translational":[191],"potential":[192],"remaining":[194],"challenges":[195],"EV-based":[197],"diagnostics.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-10-20T00:00:00"}
