{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7222968024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011871529x495679261009064725","title":"Cost-effectiveness of Empagliflozin in Chronic Heart Failure: A Markov Model-based Analysis in Uzbekistan","display_name":"Cost-effectiveness of Empagliflozin in Chronic Heart Failure: A Markov Model-based Analysis in Uzbekistan","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7222968024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011871529x495679261009064725","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42895156"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2174/011871529x495679261009064725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011871529x495679261009064725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011871529x495679261009064725","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764548042","display_name":"Cardiovascular & Haematological Disorders - Drug Targets","issn_l":"1568-0061","issn":["1568-0061","1871-529X","1875-5895","2212-4063"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063092922","display_name":"N. M.-U. Sultanbayeva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1658-7972","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1658-7972"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405253408","display_name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00msh6959","country_code":"UZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405253408"]}],"countries":["UZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nargiza Sultanbayeva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Head of the Department of Master's Degrees and Science, PhD, Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1658-7972","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Head of the Department of Master's Degrees and Science, PhD, Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405253408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031459445","display_name":"Sh. Z. Umarova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4106-0395","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4106-0395"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405253408","display_name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00msh6959","country_code":"UZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405253408"]}],"countries":["UZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shakhnoz Umarova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutical Management and Economy, PhD, professor, Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4106-0395","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Management and Economy, PhD, professor, Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405253408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001478897","display_name":"Sh.F. Iskandarova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9593-6706","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9593-6706"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405253408","display_name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00msh6959","country_code":"UZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405253408"]}],"countries":["UZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shokhista Iskandarova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vice-Rector for Science and Innovation, DSc, professor, Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9593-6706","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vice-Rector for Science and Innovation, DSc, professor, Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405253408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037016303","display_name":"\u0413. \u0423. \u041c\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3255-2443","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3255-2443"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guzal Mullabaeva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Cardiology, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3255-2443","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Cardiology, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123076787","display_name":"\u0428. \u042e. \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1120-7352","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1120-7352"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shohista Mukhamedova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Cardiology, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1120-7352","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Cardiology, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063092922"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405253408"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.8295999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.8295999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10198","display_name":"Heart Failure Treatment and Management","score":0.16300000250339508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empagliflozin","display_name":"empagliflozin","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-heart-failure","display_name":"chronic heart failure","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness","display_name":"cost-effectiveness","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sglt2-inhibitors","display_name":"SGLT2 inhibitors","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-adjusted-life-years","display_name":"quality-adjusted life years","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-and-middle-income-countries","display_name":"low- and middle-income countries","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uzbekistan","display_name":"Uzbekistan","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/willingness-to-pay-threshold","display_name":"willingness-to-pay threshold","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-costs","display_name":"health care costs","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-complications","display_name":"cardiovascular complications","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renal-complications","display_name":"renal complications","score":0.9649999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775887513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5373824","display_name":"Empagliflozin","level":4,"score":0.98089998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7742000222206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133925201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188419","display_name":"Life expectancy","level":3,"score":0.6359000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778715236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55622662","display_name":"Discontinuation","level":2,"score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778198053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181754","display_name":"Heart failure","level":2,"score":0.4733999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.44029998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64332521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614165","display_name":"Quality-adjusted life year","level":3,"score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28761237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7805321","display_name":"Time horizon","level":2,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776125615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18391886","display_name":"Economic evaluation","level":2,"score":0.3156000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524218345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31218","display_name":"Health economics","level":3,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780074459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389735","display_name":"Heart disease","level":2,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777693530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6594689","display_name":"Benzhydryl compounds","level":4,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515549039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754768","display_name":"Cost-effectiveness analysis","level":3,"score":0.2581999897956848}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2174/011871529x495679261009064725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011871529x495679261009064725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011871529x495679261009064725","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764548042","display_name":"Cardiovascular & Haematological Disorders - Drug Targets","issn_l":"1568-0061","issn":["1568-0061","1871-529X","1875-5895","2212-4063"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42895156","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42895156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9922999739646912}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7139941632","https://openalex.org/W4309453939","https://openalex.org/W4294219591","https://openalex.org/W4282945529","https://openalex.org/W4386467213","https://openalex.org/W4307449104","https://openalex.org/W4401809467","https://openalex.org/W4412366423","https://openalex.org/W4303520840","https://openalex.org/W4379386499"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Chronic":[1],"Heart":[2],"Failure":[3],"(CHF)":[4],"is":[5,185,209],"a":[6,74,79,197,210],"major":[7],"public":[8],"health":[9],"challenge":[10],"associated":[11],"with":[12,55,73,183],"high":[13],"morbidity,":[14],"mortality,":[15],"and":[16,38,78,101,116,123,218,222],"healthcare":[17,64],"costs.":[18],"Empagliflozin":[19],"has":[20],"demonstrated":[21],"clinical":[22,221],"benefits":[23],"across":[24],"the":[25,45,60,63,168,178,189,214],"spectrum":[26],"of":[27,47,62,172,216],"heart":[28,57],"failure;":[29],"however,":[30],"evidence":[31],"on":[32],"its":[33],"economic":[34,223],"value":[35],"in":[36,90,106,213],"low-":[37],"middle-income":[39],"countries":[40],"remains":[41],"limited.":[42],"To":[43],"evaluate":[44],"cost-effectiveness":[46],"adding":[48],"empagliflozin":[49,146,181,193,203],"to":[50,86,136,204],"standard":[51,151,205],"therapy":[52,206],"for":[53,145,150,180,207],"patients":[54],"chronic":[56],"failure":[58],"from":[59,134],"perspective":[61],"payer.":[65],"MATERIALS":[66],"AND":[67],"METHODS:":[68],"A":[69],"cohort-based":[70],"Markov":[71],"model":[72],"3-month":[75],"cycle":[76],"length":[77],"20-":[80],"year":[81],"time":[82],"horizon":[83],"was":[84,158,165],"developed":[85],"simulate":[87],"disease":[88],"progression":[89],"CHF.":[91],"Health":[92],"states":[93],"included":[94],"no":[95],"complications,":[96,98,100],"cardiovascular":[97],"renal":[99],"death.":[102],"Outcomes":[103],"were":[104,127,142],"measured":[105],"Life":[107,111],"Years":[108,112],"(LYs),":[109],"Quality-Adjusted":[110],"(QALYs),":[113],"total":[114],"costs,":[115],"Incremental":[117,154],"Cost-Effectiveness":[118,155],"Ratios":[119],"(ICERs).":[120],"Both":[121],"deterministic":[122],"probabilistic":[124],"sensitivity":[125],"analyses":[126],"conducted.":[128],"RESULTS:":[129],"Quality-adjusted":[130],"life":[131],"expectancy":[132],"increased":[133],"11.595":[135],"12.224":[137],"QALYs.":[138],"Total":[139],"discounted":[140],"costs":[141],"48,133,588":[143],"UZS":[144,149,160],"versus":[147],"43,261,361":[148],"therapy.":[152],"The":[153],"Ratio":[156],"(ICER)":[157],"7,738,951":[159],"per":[161],"QALY":[162],"gained,":[163],"which":[164],"substantially":[166,186],"below":[167],"national":[169],"willingness-to-pay":[170,191],"threshold":[171],"141.6":[173],"million":[174],"UZS.":[175],"DISCUSSIONS:":[176],"Since":[177],"ICER":[179],"compared":[182],"placebo":[184],"lower":[187],"than":[188],"calculated":[190],"threshold,":[192],"can":[194],"be":[195],"considered":[196],"costeffective":[198],"treatment":[199],"option.":[200],"CONCLUSIONS:":[201],"Adding":[202],"CHF":[208],"cost-effective":[211],"intervention":[212],"Republic":[215],"Uzbekistan":[217],"provides":[219],"meaningful":[220],"benefits.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2026-10-20T00:00:00"}