{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7222967178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.74440","title":"Spatial and Environmental Drivers of Macroinvertebrate Diversity in Groundwater\u2010Dependent Pan Wetlands Across a Transboundary Aquifer System","display_name":"Spatial and Environmental Drivers of Macroinvertebrate Diversity in Groundwater\u2010Dependent Pan Wetlands Across a Transboundary Aquifer System","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7222967178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.74440","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42903067","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13680134"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ece3.74440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.74440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.74440","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ece3.74440","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2482021738","display_name":"Ecology and Evolution","issn_l":"2045-7758","issn":["2045-7758"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecology and Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ece3.74440","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116398352","display_name":"Busisiwe P. Gumede","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130933589","display_name":"University of Mpumalanga","ror":"https://ror.org/02vxcq142","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130933589"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Busisiwe P. Gumede","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biology and Environmental Sciences University of Mpumalanga  Nelspruit South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biology and Environmental Sciences University of Mpumalanga  Nelspruit South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130933589"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058721804","display_name":"Linton F. Munyai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6431-1356","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6431-1356"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90546491","display_name":"University of Limpopo","ror":"https://ror.org/017p87168","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90546491"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linton F. Munyai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aquatic Systems Research Group, Department of Water and Sanitation University of Limpopo  Polokwane South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aquatic Systems Research Group, Department of Water and Sanitation University of Limpopo  Polokwane South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90546491"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012350575","display_name":"Naicheng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5652-3631","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5652-3631"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["CN","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naicheng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Invasion Biology, School for Climate Studies Stellenbosch University  Stellenbosch South Africa","School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Zhejiang\u2010Germany Joint Laboratory on Remote Sensing of Coastal Ecosystem Ningbo University  Ningbo China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5652-3631","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Invasion Biology, School for Climate Studies Stellenbosch University  Stellenbosch South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Zhejiang\u2010Germany Joint Laboratory on Remote Sensing of Coastal Ecosystem Ningbo University  Ningbo China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088598165","display_name":"Collins Oduro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5822-9105","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5822-9105"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Collins Oduro","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Zhejiang\u2010Germany Joint Laboratory on Remote Sensing of Coastal Ecosystem Ningbo University  Ningbo China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Zhejiang\u2010Germany Joint Laboratory on Remote Sensing of Coastal Ecosystem Ningbo University  Ningbo China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091797422","display_name":"Tatenda Dalu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9019-7702","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9019-7702"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tatenda Dalu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Invasion Biology, School for Climate Studies Stellenbosch University  Stellenbosch South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9019-7702","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Invasion Biology, School for Climate Studies Stellenbosch University  Stellenbosch South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091797422"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"],"apc_list":{"value":2570,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2570},"apc_paid":{"value":2570,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2570},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7497618,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"10","first_page":"e74440","last_page":"e74440"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10669","display_name":"Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10669","display_name":"Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14039","display_name":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14399","display_name":"Invertebrate Taxonomy and Ecology","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-dependent-wetlands","display_name":"groundwater-dependent wetlands","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macroinvertebrate-diversity","display_name":"macroinvertebrate diversity","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydroperiod","display_name":"hydroperiod","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"altitude","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transboundary-aquifers","display_name":"transboundary aquifers","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/branchiopoda","display_name":"Branchiopoda","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anostraca","display_name":"Anostraca","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinicaudata","display_name":"Spinicaudata","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notostraca","display_name":"Notostraca","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aquatic-insects","display_name":"aquatic insects","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mollusca","display_name":"Mollusca","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/species-richness","display_name":"species richness","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transboundary-water-management","display_name":"transboundary water management","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semi-arid-wetlands","display_name":"semi-arid wetlands","score":0.6899999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67715294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170321","display_name":"Wetland","level":2,"score":0.7300999760627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.6873000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53565203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146659","display_name":"Species richness","level":2,"score":0.6252999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127937792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256069","display_name":"Species evenness","level":3,"score":0.5683000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5378999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130217890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041","display_name":"Biodiversity","level":2,"score":0.5307000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77077793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336019","display_name":"Abundance (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.5292999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13474642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43806","display_name":"Invertebrate","level":2,"score":0.5248000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175570560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2029312","display_name":"Ordination","level":2,"score":0.48159998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.46950000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75622301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208791","display_name":"Aquifer","level":3,"score":0.3880999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122325731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3738459","display_name":"Relative species abundance","level":3,"score":0.3714999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.36079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25147867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36039","display_name":"Beta diversity","level":3,"score":0.36039999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.34790000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62648534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q706937","display_name":"Species diversity","level":2,"score":0.34630000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1284942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929501","display_name":"Water level","level":2,"score":0.3082999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71640776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16521","display_name":"Taxon","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175327387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3289906","display_name":"Aquatic ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780797713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376","display_name":"Water quality","level":2,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8625798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752112","display_name":"Surface water","level":2,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186699998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156698","display_name":"Eutrophication","level":3,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776384668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182168","display_name":"Nitrate","level":2,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133079900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5155065","display_name":"Community structure","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180478619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574066","display_name":"Spatial heterogeneity","level":2,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94747663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574086","display_name":"Spatial variability","level":2,"score":0.26010000705718994}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ece3.74440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.74440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.74440","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ece3.74440","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2482021738","display_name":"Ecology and Evolution","issn_l":"2045-7758","issn":["2045-7758"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecology and Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13680134","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13680134/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13680134/pdf/ECE3-16-e74440.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecol Evol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42903067","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42903067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecology and evolution","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4c1a94884b494108998f5c504fa2cf27","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4c1a94884b494108998f5c504fa2cf27","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ecology and Evolution, Vol 16, Iss 10, Pp n/a-n/a (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ece3.74440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.74440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.74440","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ece3.74440","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2482021738","display_name":"Ecology and Evolution","issn_l":"2045-7758","issn":["2045-7758"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecology and Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7605999708175659,"display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3931060650","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TTK240409213108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6146550539","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52279068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6621111873","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TTK230508103682","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330061","display_name":"Department of Higher Education and Training","ror":"https://ror.org/012jp3q29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222967178.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222967178.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1650207657","https://openalex.org/W1965390788","https://openalex.org/W2076838562","https://openalex.org/W2135695572","https://openalex.org/W2476122001","https://openalex.org/W2528242222","https://openalex.org/W2560136348","https://openalex.org/W2587879346","https://openalex.org/W2593050815","https://openalex.org/W2622086847","https://openalex.org/W2757831596","https://openalex.org/W2959013089","https://openalex.org/W2967276279","https://openalex.org/W2967895093","https://openalex.org/W2978408894","https://openalex.org/W2978715932","https://openalex.org/W3087821360","https://openalex.org/W3119581526","https://openalex.org/W3157277636","https://openalex.org/W3157936390","https://openalex.org/W3174178575","https://openalex.org/W3186064673","https://openalex.org/W3216404419","https://openalex.org/W4213205762","https://openalex.org/W4214631531","https://openalex.org/W4214656466","https://openalex.org/W4281617785","https://openalex.org/W4307582767","https://openalex.org/W4318218625","https://openalex.org/W4321351590","https://openalex.org/W4362472840","https://openalex.org/W4402905802","https://openalex.org/W4412006791","https://openalex.org/W4412516442","https://openalex.org/W4416229348"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408421814","https://openalex.org/W4362472840","https://openalex.org/W4256475674","https://openalex.org/W2904084455","https://openalex.org/W2606158055","https://openalex.org/W2144668389","https://openalex.org/W1775133329","https://openalex.org/W4298394298","https://openalex.org/W1991172305","https://openalex.org/W2899225640"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Groundwater-dependent":[0],"pan":[1,26,303],"wetlands":[2,27],"are":[3,264],"keystone":[4],"habitats":[5],"for":[6,69],"aquatic":[7,225],"biodiversity":[8],"in":[9,94,170,267],"semi-arid":[10],"landscapes,":[11],"yet":[12],"the":[13,29,84,151,171,239,261,296,302],"processes":[14],"that":[15],"structure":[16],"their":[17],"invertebrate":[18],"communities":[19],"remain":[20],"poorly":[21],"resolved.":[22],"We":[23],"surveyed":[24,262],"221":[25],"across":[28,301],"Khakhea-Bray":[30],"Transboundary":[31],"Aquifer":[32],"(KBTA),":[33],"South":[34],"Africa,":[35],"a":[36,67,79,100,114,175,255,284],"landscape":[37,53],"of":[38,90,174,257,275,299],"low":[39],"relief":[40,86],"(1027-1231":[41],"m":[42],"a.s.l.),":[43],"and":[44,72,126,140,160,182,199,203,227,232,295,309],"asked":[45],"whether":[46],"macroinvertebrate":[47],"assemblages":[48],"track":[49],"local":[50,251],"physicochemical":[51,252],"conditions,":[52],"position,":[54,247],"or":[55],"both.":[56],"Pans":[57],"were":[58,104,212],"assigned":[59],"to":[60,107,168,186],"four":[61],"elevation":[62,81,97],"classes,":[63,131,149,194],"used":[64],"here":[65],"as":[66,78,99,238,254,273,283],"surrogate":[68],"hydrogeomorphic":[70],"setting":[71],"its":[73],"hydroperiod":[74,231],"consequences":[75],"rather":[76,184,234,281,313],"than":[77,93,185,235,282,314],"climatic":[80],"gradient,":[82],"because":[83,260],"total":[85,137],"is":[87,271],"an":[88],"order":[89],"magnitude":[91],"smaller":[92],"studies":[95],"where":[96],"acts":[98],"direct":[101],"driver.":[102],"Waters":[103],"predominantly":[105],"neutral":[106],"alkaline":[108],"(mean":[109],"pH":[110],"7.6-8.6),":[111],"consistent":[112,229],"with":[113,230],"strong":[115],"groundwater":[116,293],"signature.":[117],"Dissolved":[118],"oxygen,":[119],"water":[120,122],"temperature,":[121],"depth,":[123],"ammonium,":[124],"nitrate":[125],"phosphate":[127],"differed":[128,147,191],"significantly":[129,192],"among":[130,148,193],"whereas":[132,195,217],"pH,":[133],"oxidation-reduction":[134],"potential,":[135],"conductivity,":[136],"dissolved":[138],"solids":[139],"surface":[141],"area":[142],"did":[143,201],"not.":[144],"Assemblage":[145],"composition":[146,312],"but":[150],"effect":[152],"was":[153],"weak:":[154],"global":[155],"ANOSIM":[156],"detected":[157],"no":[158],"separation,":[159],"similarity":[161],"percentage":[162],"analysis":[163],"attributed":[164],"between-class":[165],"dissimilarity":[166],"(67.9%-73.4%)":[167],"shifts":[169],"relative":[172],"abundance":[173],"few":[176],"dominant":[177],"taxa,":[178],"chiefly":[179],"Anostraca,":[180],"Spinicaudata":[181],"Notostraca,":[183],"species":[187],"turnover.":[188],"Taxa":[189],"richness":[190,315],"abundance,":[196],"Simpson,":[197],"Shannon-Wiener":[198],"evenness":[200],"not,":[202],"within-class":[204],"variation":[205,280],"exceeded":[206],"among-class":[207],"differences.":[208],"Shallow,":[209],"short-hydroperiod":[210],"pans":[211,220,263],"dominated":[213],"by":[214],"large":[215],"branchiopods,":[216],"deeper,":[218],"longer-hydroperiod":[219],"supported":[221],"proportionally":[222],"more":[223],"predatory":[224],"insects":[226],"molluscs,":[228],"predation,":[233],"elevation,":[236],"acting":[237],"operative":[240],"filters.":[241],"Boosted":[242],"regression":[243],"trees":[244],"ranked":[245],"geographic":[246],"particularly":[248],"longitude,":[249],"above":[250],"variables":[253],"correlate":[256],"taxa":[258],"richness;":[259],"strongly":[265],"clustered":[266],"space,":[268],"this":[269],"result":[270],"interpreted":[272],"evidence":[274],"unmeasured,":[276],"spatially":[277],"structured":[278],"habitat":[279],"predictive":[285],"relationship.":[286],"Conserving":[287],"these":[288],"systems":[289],"will":[290],"require":[291],"maintaining":[292],"regimes":[294],"full":[297],"range":[298],"hydroperiods":[300],"network":[304],"under":[305],"coordinated":[306],"transboundary":[307],"management,":[308],"monitoring":[310],"assemblage":[311],"alone.":[316]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-20T00:00:00"}
