{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7222952307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18203363","title":"Mutations to Medicine: Advances in Medical Management of Paediatric, Adolescent, and Young Adult Low-Grade Gliomas","display_name":"Mutations to Medicine: Advances in Medical Management of Paediatric, Adolescent, and Young Adult Low-Grade Gliomas","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7222952307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18203363","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42938895","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13703319"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cancers18203363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18203363","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18203363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168415115","display_name":"Cancers","issn_l":"2072-6694","issn":["2072-6694"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18203363","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090405846","display_name":"Ian Burns","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5634-939X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5634-939X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801317318","display_name":"Hospital for Sick Children","ror":"https://ror.org/057q4rt57","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801317318"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ian Burns","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada","Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5634-939X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801317318"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115444806","display_name":"Julie Bennett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4146-1511","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4146-1511"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801317318","display_name":"Hospital for Sick Children","ror":"https://ror.org/057q4rt57","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801317318"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802654988","display_name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03zayce58","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325899441","https://openalex.org/I2802654988"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie Bennett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada","Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada","Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada","Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801317318"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801317318"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802654988"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090405846"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750","https://openalex.org/I2801317318"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57008933,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"20","first_page":"3363","last_page":"3363"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10129","display_name":"Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10129","display_name":"Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10309","display_name":"Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12049","display_name":"Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2716","display_name":"Genetics (clinical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/targeted-therapy","display_name":"targeted therapy","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mapk-inhibitors","display_name":"MAPK inhibitors","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idh-inhibitors","display_name":"IDH inhibitors","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malignant-transformation","display_name":"malignant transformation","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-medicine","display_name":"precision medicine","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-resistance-biomarkers","display_name":"treatment resistance biomarkers","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-related-toxicity","display_name":"treatment toxicity","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-outcome","display_name":"functional outcome","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-disease-control","display_name":"long-term disease control","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-trial-design","display_name":"clinical trial design","score":0.5090000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8278999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.6273000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.6158999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5601999759674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.5315999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778227246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365309","display_name":"Glioma","level":2,"score":0.5303000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.41119998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4023999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781230642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492646","display_name":"Targeted therapy","level":3,"score":0.3797000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163276114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484591","display_name":"Natural history","level":2,"score":0.37470000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.3734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163763905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17075943","display_name":"Precision medicine","level":2,"score":0.3643999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020562746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7446275","display_name":"Surgical resection","level":2,"score":0.350600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509974204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180507","display_name":"Radiation therapy","level":2,"score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987315675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1773974","display_name":"Disease control","level":2,"score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776194525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282142","display_name":"Glioblastoma","level":2,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776694085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974135","display_name":"Chemotherapy","level":2,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.2540000081062317}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/cancers18203363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18203363","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18203363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168415115","display_name":"Cancers","issn_l":"2072-6694","issn":["2072-6694"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13703319","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13703319/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13703319/pdf/cancers-18-03363.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancers (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42938895","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42938895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancers","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/154637","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1807/154637","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/82134fa4-7de1-4897-8870-87f4739034d9/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cancers18203363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18203363","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18203363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168415115","display_name":"Cancers","issn_l":"2072-6694","issn":["2072-6694"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323654","display_name":"Hospital for Sick Children","ror":"https://ror.org/057q4rt57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222952307.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222952307.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":109,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1781870113","https://openalex.org/W1819030526","https://openalex.org/W1979712198","https://openalex.org/W2028465059","https://openalex.org/W2040827479","https://openalex.org/W2051426927","https://openalex.org/W2094643650","https://openalex.org/W2100130667","https://openalex.org/W2106689678","https://openalex.org/W2115078134","https://openalex.org/W2119449786","https://openalex.org/W2120667391","https://openalex.org/W2126595521","https://openalex.org/W2159099714","https://openalex.org/W2160483372","https://openalex.org/W2169438753","https://openalex.org/W2171512544","https://openalex.org/W2289602271","https://openalex.org/W2296203480","https://openalex.org/W2336299726","https://openalex.org/W2366536035","https://openalex.org/W2432578750","https://openalex.org/W2486684008","https://openalex.org/W2515804433","https://openalex.org/W2652551831","https://openalex.org/W2889282612","https://openalex.org/W2922176588","https://openalex.org/W2947767395","https://openalex.org/W2952637776","https://openalex.org/W2992828409","https://openalex.org/W3015005157","https://openalex.org/W3015449027","https://openalex.org/W3015687906","https://openalex.org/W3028415293","https://openalex.org/W3031449284","https://openalex.org/W3033591069","https://openalex.org/W3037938661","https://openalex.org/W3048900948","https://openalex.org/W3091827932","https://openalex.org/W3097158828","https://openalex.org/W3129370272","https://openalex.org/W3130605997","https://openalex.org/W3217494531","https://openalex.org/W4281387237","https://openalex.org/W4282843226","https://openalex.org/W4282923726","https://openalex.org/W4288033392","https://openalex.org/W4289203593","https://openalex.org/W4292261597","https://openalex.org/W4301595791","https://openalex.org/W4309028333","https://openalex.org/W4311834569","https://openalex.org/W4313544674","https://openalex.org/W4362657160","https://openalex.org/W4365510427","https://openalex.org/W4379284101","https://openalex.org/W4385331625","https://openalex.org/W4386084331","https://openalex.org/W4386881349","https://openalex.org/W4388763087","https://openalex.org/W4388794216","https://openalex.org/W4389525126","https://openalex.org/W4390490770","https://openalex.org/W4392637044","https://openalex.org/W4394873203","https://openalex.org/W4396903194","https://openalex.org/W4399236354","https://openalex.org/W4399787389","https://openalex.org/W4400074314","https://openalex.org/W4400498014","https://openalex.org/W4400673875","https://openalex.org/W4400763090","https://openalex.org/W4400823146","https://openalex.org/W4401166766","https://openalex.org/W4401200548","https://openalex.org/W4403713387","https://openalex.org/W4403732714","https://openalex.org/W4405595687","https://openalex.org/W4406362771","https://openalex.org/W4409519069","https://openalex.org/W4410172813","https://openalex.org/W4411928079","https://openalex.org/W4412787229","https://openalex.org/W4414012038","https://openalex.org/W4414183242","https://openalex.org/W4415402114","https://openalex.org/W4415678781","https://openalex.org/W4415711782","https://openalex.org/W4415986509","https://openalex.org/W4416682794","https://openalex.org/W7117238384","https://openalex.org/W7127886184","https://openalex.org/W7128250003","https://openalex.org/W7131376537","https://openalex.org/W7135044808","https://openalex.org/W7135046072","https://openalex.org/W7135068747","https://openalex.org/W7153466756","https://openalex.org/W7153970311","https://openalex.org/W7160600972","https://openalex.org/W7164740822","https://openalex.org/W7165738269","https://openalex.org/W7165767515","https://openalex.org/W7165769140","https://openalex.org/W7165795480","https://openalex.org/W7165795707","https://openalex.org/W7165804820","https://openalex.org/W7165810436","https://openalex.org/W7212026520"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4403658666","https://openalex.org/W4401166766","https://openalex.org/W4386046933","https://openalex.org/W4388551842","https://openalex.org/W3026961640","https://openalex.org/W7165744184","https://openalex.org/W4312195338","https://openalex.org/W7215033422","https://openalex.org/W4401626416","https://openalex.org/W2105224792"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gliomas":[0],"are":[1,37],"the":[2,70,177,206,217],"most":[3],"common":[4,27],"brain":[5],"tumours":[6,46],"in":[7,28,173,185],"children,":[8,14],"adolescents,":[9],"and":[10,108,112,114,125,161,179,190,215,233,243],"young":[11,29,162],"adults.":[12],"In":[13],"paediatric-type":[15],"low-grade":[16,22],"gliomas":[17,23],"(pLGG)":[18],"predominate,":[19],"while":[20],"IDH-mutant":[21,56,143],"(LGG)":[24],"become":[25],"more":[26,81],"adulthood.":[30],"While":[31],"outcomes":[32,88,137],"with":[33,42,63,92],"complete":[34],"surgical":[35],"resection":[36],"excellent,":[38],"many":[39,169],"pLGG":[40,119],"patients":[41,164],"residual":[43],"or":[44],"unresectable":[45],"experience":[47],"significant":[48],"long-term":[49,135,240],"functional":[50,136,244],"impairment":[51],"despite":[52],"conventional":[53,140],"medical":[54],"treatment.":[55],"LGG":[57,194,214],"have":[58,77,89,165],"an":[59],"unfavourable":[60],"natural":[61],"history,":[62],"high":[64],"risk":[65],"of":[66,72,110,181,213,219],"malignant":[67,157],"transformation.":[68,158],"With":[69],"emergence":[71],"precision":[73],"medicine,":[74],"targeted":[75,130,183],"therapies":[76,131,184],"offered":[78],"hope":[79],"as":[80,121],"effective":[82],"treatments.":[83],"For":[84,142],"pLGG,":[85],"favourable":[86],"short-term":[87],"been":[90,166],"demonstrated":[91],"MAPK":[93],"inhibitors.":[94],"Significant":[95],"challenges":[96],"remain,":[97],"however,":[98,149],"including":[99],"designing":[100],"treatment":[101,235],"regimens":[102,236],"that":[103,237],"prevent":[104],"regrowth,":[105],"understanding":[106,212],"mechanisms":[107],"biomarkers":[109],"response":[111],"resistance,":[113],"addressing":[115],"treatment-related":[116],"toxicities.":[117],"Furthermore,":[118],"manifest":[120],"a":[122],"chronic":[123],"disease,":[124],"it":[126,150],"remains":[127],"unclear":[128],"whether":[129,153],"can":[132,238],"yield":[133],"superior":[134],"relative":[138],"to":[139,226],"chemotherapy.":[141],"LGG,":[144],"IDH":[145],"inhibitors":[146],"hold":[147],"promise;":[148],"is":[151,225],"unknown":[152],"monotherapy":[154],"will":[155],"avert":[156],"Notably,":[159],"adolescent":[160],"adult":[163],"excluded":[167],"from":[168],"clinical":[170],"trials,":[171],"resulting":[172],"limited":[174],"data":[175],"on":[176],"efficacy":[178],"toxicity":[180],"pLGG-directed":[182],"this":[186],"population.":[187],"Clinical":[188],"trials":[189],"patient":[191,203],"care":[192],"for":[193],"should":[195],"be":[196],"designed":[197],"around":[198],"tumour":[199],"biology":[200],"rather":[201],"than":[202],"age.":[204],"Overall,":[205],"molecular":[207],"era":[208],"has":[209],"transformed":[210],"our":[211],"facilitated":[216],"development":[218],"novel":[220],"therapies.":[221],"The":[222],"next":[223],"challenge":[224],"translate":[227],"new":[228],"biological":[229],"insights":[230],"into":[231],"patient-":[232],"tumour-specific":[234],"improve":[239],"disease":[241],"control":[242],"outcomes.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-20T00:00:00"}