{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7222947232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27209232","title":"Cerium Dioxide-Based Scavenging of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals in Fine Particulate Matter: A Prospective Review","display_name":"Cerium Dioxide-Based Scavenging of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals in Fine Particulate Matter: A Prospective Review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7222947232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27209232","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42942002","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13705378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijms27209232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27209232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27209232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10623703","display_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","issn_l":"1422-0067","issn":["1422-0067","1661-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27209232","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100706170","display_name":"Qingyang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3193-5856","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3193-5856"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qingyang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Ecology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3193-5856","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Ecology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159092835","display_name":"Zheng Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Beijing 100076, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Beijing 100076, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100773266","display_name":"Yanju Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3002-6469","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3002-6469"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162962","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05ct4fn38","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162962"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanju Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3002-6469","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162962"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100706170"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36894737,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"20","first_page":"9232","last_page":"9232"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10192","display_name":"Catalytic Processes in Materials Science","score":0.41749998927116394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10192","display_name":"Catalytic Processes in Materials Science","score":0.41749998927116394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12425","display_name":"Industrial Gas Emission Control","score":0.09000000357627869,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12163","display_name":"Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation","score":0.07509999722242355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerium-oxide","display_name":"cerium oxide","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pm2-5","display_name":"PM2.5","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-filtration","display_name":"air filtration","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-radical-scavenging-activity","display_name":"free radical scavenging","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ce3-ce4-redox-cycling","display_name":"Ce3+/Ce4+ redox cycling","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydroxyl-radicals","display_name":"hydroxyl radicals","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-pollution-control","display_name":"air pollution control","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-way-catalysis","display_name":"three-way catalysis","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cigarette-smoke","display_name":"cigarette smoke","score":0.6290000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139066938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185056","display_name":"Radical","level":2,"score":0.7821999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.7404999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24245907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498957","display_name":"Particulates","level":2,"score":0.7077000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523597863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385","display_name":"Cerium","level":2,"score":0.6291000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.49230000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128489963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187724","display_name":"Filtration (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75473681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188651","display_name":"Photochemistry","level":1,"score":0.4268999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540031477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629","display_name":"Oxygen","level":2,"score":0.36489999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55904794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82682","display_name":"Redox","level":2,"score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777807096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1285257","display_name":"Scavenging","level":3,"score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121745418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585536","display_name":"Quenching (fluorescence)","level":3,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48349386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424361","display_name":"Reactive oxygen species","level":2,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992711667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583488","display_name":"Air filter","level":3,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168900304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171407","display_name":"Valence (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780657402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055570","display_name":"Cerium oxide","level":3,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002563","descriptor_name":"Cerium","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005609","descriptor_name":"Free Radicals","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010084","descriptor_name":"Oxidation-Reduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016166","descriptor_name":"Free Radical Scavengers","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D052638","descriptor_name":"Particulate Matter","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijms27209232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27209232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27209232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10623703","display_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","issn_l":"1422-0067","issn":["1422-0067","1661-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13705378","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13705378/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13705378/pdf/ijms-27-09232.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Int J Mol Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42942002","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42942002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of molecular sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijms27209232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27209232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27209232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10623703","display_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","issn_l":"1422-0067","issn":["1422-0067","1661-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6000000238418579}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222947232.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222947232.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976436477","https://openalex.org/W1978912403","https://openalex.org/W2048081905","https://openalex.org/W2065753743","https://openalex.org/W2071100105","https://openalex.org/W2087877229","https://openalex.org/W2120028559","https://openalex.org/W2313314608","https://openalex.org/W2322809333","https://openalex.org/W2380548727","https://openalex.org/W2559876511","https://openalex.org/W2787207882","https://openalex.org/W2797866602","https://openalex.org/W2912407602","https://openalex.org/W2950668537","https://openalex.org/W2980989938","https://openalex.org/W2986816248","https://openalex.org/W2991258713","https://openalex.org/W3005216733","https://openalex.org/W3045879466","https://openalex.org/W3065692575","https://openalex.org/W3095044210","https://openalex.org/W3160253421","https://openalex.org/W3170771556","https://openalex.org/W3189467401","https://openalex.org/W3194249225","https://openalex.org/W3199938511","https://openalex.org/W4200628090","https://openalex.org/W4206352962","https://openalex.org/W4214679702","https://openalex.org/W4226525203","https://openalex.org/W4282974745","https://openalex.org/W4288708874","https://openalex.org/W4293525480","https://openalex.org/W4297461797","https://openalex.org/W4301599834","https://openalex.org/W4310191814","https://openalex.org/W4310333799","https://openalex.org/W4321004232","https://openalex.org/W4322011271","https://openalex.org/W4377227329","https://openalex.org/W4378974818","https://openalex.org/W4391815520","https://openalex.org/W4391913486","https://openalex.org/W4409269700","https://openalex.org/W4409534212","https://openalex.org/W4409987289","https://openalex.org/W4412964845","https://openalex.org/W4413780872","https://openalex.org/W4414370918","https://openalex.org/W4414903735","https://openalex.org/W4416393346","https://openalex.org/W4416706255","https://openalex.org/W7117487531","https://openalex.org/W7137304310","https://openalex.org/W7164361496"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2991258713","https://openalex.org/W2123281667","https://openalex.org/W4413910402","https://openalex.org/W7075585831","https://openalex.org/W4283331712","https://openalex.org/W4394564030","https://openalex.org/W7097291974","https://openalex.org/W2908576350","https://openalex.org/W7084225256","https://openalex.org/W7221686463"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Environmental":[0],"persistent":[1],"free":[2],"radicals":[3,32],"(EPFRs)":[4],"are":[5],"a":[6,72,78,93,181],"class":[7],"of":[8,30,44,56,64,122,129,147,227,237,250],"long-lived,":[9],"redox-active":[10],"species":[11],"that":[12,81,173,192,216,244],"persist":[13],"on":[14,53,111,204],"fine":[15],"particulate":[16,57],"matter":[17],"(PM2.5)":[18],"surfaces":[19,206],"for":[20,184],"days":[21],"to":[22,104,107,264],"months.":[23],"Upon":[24],"inhalation,":[25],"EPFRs":[26,110,203],"catalyze":[27],"the":[28,42,60,117,126,141,212,225,234,245],"generation":[29],"hydroxyl":[31],"through":[33],"Fenton-like":[34],"cycling,":[35],"driving":[36],"oxidative":[37],"stress":[38],"and":[39,119,164,171,230,233],"inflammation":[40],"at":[41],"site":[43],"deposition.":[45],"Current":[46],"air":[47,105,150],"filtration":[48,106,208,241],"technology":[49],"focuses":[50],"almost":[51],"exclusively":[52],"physical":[54],"interception":[55],"matter,":[58],"leaving":[59],"surface-bound":[61],"radical":[62,131,186],"activity":[63],"captured":[65,112],"PM":[66],"entirely":[67],"unaddressed.":[68],"This":[69],"review":[70],"advances":[71],"testable":[73],"hypothesis":[74],"rather":[75],"than":[76],"reporting":[77],"validated":[79],"outcome:":[80],"cerium":[82],"dioxide":[83],"(CeO2)-based":[84],"materials,":[85],"whose":[86],"Ce3+/Ce4+":[87],"redox":[88],"cycling":[89],"is":[90,191],"well-established":[91],"as":[92,156,165],"broad-spectrum":[94],"antioxidant":[95],"mechanism":[96],"in":[97,149,161,168,252],"biomedical":[98],"contexts,":[99],"can":[100,200],"be":[101,218],"functionally":[102,144],"migrated":[103],"chemically":[108,201],"quench":[109,202],"PM2.5.":[113],"We":[114,138,210],"first":[115],"summarize":[116],"formation":[118],"health":[120],"impacts":[121],"EPFRs,":[123],"then":[124,139],"introduce":[125],"mechanistic":[127,262],"basis":[128],"CeO2":[130,148,199,238,251],"scavenging,":[132],"emphasizing":[133],"its":[134,154,257],"self-regenerating":[135],"valence":[136],"cycling.":[137],"examine":[140],"existing":[142],"but":[143],"distinct":[145],"use":[146],"pollution":[151],"control,":[152],"including":[153],"role":[155],"an":[157,166],"oxygen":[158],"storage":[159],"component":[160],"three-way":[162],"catalysis":[163],"additive":[167],"filter":[169],"media,":[170],"argue":[172,243],"these":[174],"high-temperature":[175],"oxidation":[176],"applications":[177],"do":[178],"not":[179],"constitute":[180],"functional":[182],"precedent":[183],"ambient-temperature":[185],"scavenging.":[187],"The":[188],"central":[189],"gap":[190],"no":[193],"study":[194],"has":[195],"systematically":[196],"tested":[197],"whether":[198],"PM2.5":[205],"under":[207,239],"conditions.":[209],"articulate":[211],"key":[213],"experimental":[214],"questions":[215],"must":[217],"resolved\u2014direct":[219],"EPFR":[220],"quenching":[221],"versus":[222],"ROS":[223,248],"interception,":[224],"effects":[226],"humidity,":[228],"airflow,":[229],"contact":[231],"time,":[232],"long-term":[235],"fate":[236],"realistic":[240],"conditions\u2014and":[242],"demonstrated":[246],"gaseous":[247],"scavenging":[249],"cigarette":[253],"smoke,":[254],"together":[255],"with":[256],"self-recovery":[258],"capability,":[259],"provides":[260],"sufficient":[261],"justification":[263],"pursue":[265],"this":[266],"direction":[267],"experimentally.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-20T00:00:00"}
