{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7222932412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.18.759971","title":"Can We Really See the World in Three Dimensions? An Exploratory Study with Finger Alignment Task and Ponzo Illusion","display_name":"Can We Really See the World in Three Dimensions? An Exploratory Study with Finger Alignment Task and Ponzo Illusion","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7222932412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.18.759971"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.18.759971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.18.759971","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.18.759971","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/19/2026.10.18.759971.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/19/2026.10.18.759971.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113035502","display_name":"Amrita Mukherjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5601-591X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5601-591X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26072440","display_name":"Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad","ror":"https://ror.org/03rgjt374","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26072440"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6498739","display_name":"Indian Statistical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2w1j53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amrita Mukherjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, India","Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5601-591X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26072440"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050889945","display_name":"Avijit Paul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7949-8482","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7949-8482"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121934306","display_name":"Tufts University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wvpxv85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avijit Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tufts University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tufts University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079836374","display_name":"Kuntal Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4431-1404","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4431-1404"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6498739","display_name":"Indian Statistical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2w1j53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kuntal Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079836374"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereopsis","display_name":"stereopsis","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blind-spots","display_name":"blind spots","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-eccentricity","display_name":"retinal eccentricity","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-field","display_name":"visual field","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ponzo-illusion","display_name":"Ponzo illusion","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pictorial-depth-cues","display_name":"pictorial depth cues","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixation-patterns","display_name":"fixation patterns","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movements","display_name":"eye movements","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fovea","display_name":"fovea","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horopter","display_name":"horopter","score":0.546999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6161999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776058522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2364768","display_name":"Visual field","level":2,"score":0.6136999726295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5813000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5525000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126057942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35158","display_name":"Stereoscopy","level":2,"score":0.5273000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5200999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68537008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247932","display_name":"Stereopsis","level":2,"score":0.4887999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146249460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914991","display_name":"Fixation (population genetics)","level":3,"score":0.47290000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52672216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1749840","display_name":"Depth perception","level":3,"score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90790637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681118","display_name":"Binocular disparity","level":3,"score":0.41449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178253425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162668","display_name":"Visual perception","level":3,"score":0.4009000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64731932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371090","display_name":"Blind spot","level":2,"score":0.39989998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.39089998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.3716000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.37139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36250001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200756006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336092","display_name":"Visual angle","level":2,"score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184047640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182593","display_name":"Illusion","level":2,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.31630000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121958486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609543","display_name":"Binocular vision","level":2,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164280684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5529040","display_name":"Gaze-contingency paradigm","level":4,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158495155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2369151","display_name":"Visual search","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139793654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174923","display_name":"Optical illusion","level":3,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6084040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760286","display_name":"Ocular dominance","level":3,"score":0.2515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93173128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287827","display_name":"Inattentional blindness","level":3,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.18.759971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.18.759971","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.18.759971","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/19/2026.10.18.759971.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.18.759971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.18.759971","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.18.759971","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/19/2026.10.18.759971.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327938","display_name":"Indian Statistical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2w1j53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222932412.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222932412.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7106246766","https://openalex.org/W2112192614","https://openalex.org/W2023397949","https://openalex.org/W1846353088","https://openalex.org/W2613986790","https://openalex.org/W4403709813","https://openalex.org/W1944515075","https://openalex.org/W2112031479","https://openalex.org/W2069749019","https://openalex.org/W2076628612"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Stereopsis":[1],"is":[2,210],"the":[3,31,51,66,84,89,100,116,160,194,201,206],"perception":[4],"of":[5,12,38,83,111,170,190,200],"depth":[6,124,127,185],"when":[7,28],"two":[8,176],"2-dimensional":[9],"(2D)":[10],"images":[11],"an":[13,130],"object":[14],"from":[15,61],"slightly":[16],"different":[17],"angles":[18],"align":[19,146],"with":[20,175],"corresponding":[21],"retinal":[22,191],"positions":[23],"in":[24,65,197,213],"both":[25,198],"eyes.":[26],"However,":[27,55],"we":[29,104],"consider":[30],"blind":[32],"spot":[33],"(BS),":[34],"a":[35,78,119,151,156],"new":[36],"set":[37],"challenges":[39],"arises.":[40],"In":[41],"binocular":[42],"vision,":[43],"one":[44,62],"eye\u2019s":[45],"higher":[46],"visual":[47,71,123,202],"areas":[48],"compensate":[49],"for":[50,165],"other\u2019s":[52],"non-receptive":[53],"region.":[54],"our":[56,108,163,171,181,214],"brain":[57,90],"only":[58],"receives":[59],"information":[60],"image":[63],"patch":[64,72],"BS":[67],"region,":[68],"and":[69,129,138],"another":[70],"does":[73],"not":[74,211],"contribute":[75],"to":[76,98,102,133,145,154,183],"constructing":[77],"comprehensive":[79],"3-dimensional":[80],"(3D)":[81],"representation":[82],"scene.":[85],"This":[86,208],"suggests":[87],"that":[88,180],"adeptly":[91],"manages":[92],"this":[93],"dimensional":[94],"transition.":[95],"We":[96,114],"aimed":[97],"determine":[99],"extent":[101],"which":[103],"perceive":[105,184],"3D":[106],"across":[107],"entire":[109],"field":[110,203],"view":[112],"(FoV).":[113],"employed":[115],"Ponzo":[117],"illusion,":[118],"stimulus":[120],"relying":[121],"on":[122],"cues":[125],"(pictorial":[126],"cues),":[128],"eye-tracking":[131],"technique":[132],"assess":[134],"participants\u2019":[135],"accurate":[136],"fixation":[137],"eye":[139],"movement":[140],"patterns.":[141],"The":[142,168],"participants":[143],"attempted":[144],"their":[147],"index":[148],"fingers":[149],"before":[150],"chart":[152],"paper":[153],"create":[155],"Horopter-like":[157],"setup,":[158],"supporting":[159],"hypothesis":[161],"about":[162],"capacity":[164],"stereoscopic":[166],"perception.":[167],"results":[169],"exploratory":[172],"pilot":[173],"study":[174],"specific":[177],"tasks":[178],"revealed":[179],"ability":[182],"diminishes":[186],"beyond":[187],"approximately":[188],"8\u00b0":[189],"eccentricity":[192],"(in":[193],"horizontal":[195],"meridian)":[196],"halves":[199],"centered":[204],"around":[205],"fovea.":[207],"limitation":[209],"apparent":[212],"day-to-day":[215],"experience.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-10-20T00:00:00"}
