{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7222879773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.16.759718","title":"A novel proviral mechanism for the ISG, Shiftless, during human coronavirus infection","display_name":"A novel proviral mechanism for the ISG, Shiftless, during human coronavirus infection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7222879773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.16.759718","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42990169","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13733732"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.16.759718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.16.759718","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.16.759718","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/17/2026.10.16.759718.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/17/2026.10.16.759718.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000196419","display_name":"Taylor M. Shue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5492-0422","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5492-0422"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taylor M. Shue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5492-0422","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159006513","display_name":"Georgios Mourtzouchos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Mourtzouchos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038972455","display_name":"Dar-Yin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3920-0340","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3920-0340"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dar-Yin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007710796","display_name":"Yee Tsuey Ong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9361-2855","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9361-2855"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yee T. Ong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9361-2855","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107109750","display_name":"Antonis Athanasiadis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6268-6683","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6268-6683"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonis Athanasiadis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6268-6683","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020583120","display_name":"Maria Bousali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2829-1642","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2829-1642"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Bousali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2829-1642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143556262","display_name":"Madeleine K Sanders","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8356-1461","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8356-1461"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madeleine K. Sanders","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8356-1461","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054588732","display_name":"Sophie N. Spector","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9729-070X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9729-070X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sophie N. Spector","raw_affiliation_strings":["Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9729-070X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159025200","display_name":"Christopher Rivera-Bonilla","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Rivera-Bonilla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159015402","display_name":"Khadija Ndoye","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khadija Ndoye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114322426","display_name":"Kenneth C Levenson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth C. Levenson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015633181","display_name":"J. Cuba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0479-3591","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0479-3591"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens Cuba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0479-3591","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110424924","display_name":"J Harris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4682-1766","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4682-1766"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jayden Harris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4682-1766","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159022140","display_name":"Kelly Mieck","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129877168","display_name":"Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/033n9gh91","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129877168"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelly Mieck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129877168"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110648171","display_name":"Shuiyun Lan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4101-9894","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4101-9894"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuiyun Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4101-9894","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085799915","display_name":"Volker Kinast","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6984-678X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6984-678X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129877168","display_name":"Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/033n9gh91","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129877168"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Volker Kinast","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6984-678X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129877168"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072150791","display_name":"Julia C. LeCher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-176X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-176X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julia LeCher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-176X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065005362","display_name":"J\u00e9r\u00e9mie Le Pen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7025-9526","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7025-9526"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00e9r\u00e9mie Le Pen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7025-9526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073716313","display_name":"Stefan G. Sarafianos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5840-154X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5840-154X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan G. Sarafianos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5840-154X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054688016","display_name":"Eleftherios Michailidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9907-4346","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9907-4346"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eleftherios Michailidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9907-4346","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054688016"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11668","display_name":"interferon and immune responses","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11668","display_name":"interferon and immune responses","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.021800000220537186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11495","display_name":"Animal Virus Infections Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-stimulated-genes","display_name":"interferon-stimulated genes","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars-cov-2","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hcov-229e","display_name":"HCoV-229E","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-infection","display_name":"coronavirus infection","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-signaling","display_name":"interferon signaling","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host-innate-immunity","display_name":"host innate immunity","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-persistence","display_name":"viral persistence","score":0.4429999887943268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.6812999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57751738","display_name":"Coronavirus","level":5,"score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.5852000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95811502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7322407","display_name":"Translational frameshift","level":5,"score":0.5800999999046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51785407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2627568","display_name":"Effector","level":2,"score":0.5608000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5598000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776178377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188269","display_name":"Interferon","level":2,"score":0.5598000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136449434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428253","display_name":"Innate immune system","level":3,"score":0.5374000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910188402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85438966","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus","level":5,"score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.4081999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182581","display_name":"Immunity","level":3,"score":0.3409000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778278966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6046488","display_name":"Interferon type I","level":3,"score":0.3314000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140704245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933202","display_name":"Viral replication","level":3,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62478195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130","display_name":"Signal transduction","level":2,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776954689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21100537","display_name":"RIG-I","level":4,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67705224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11053","display_name":"RNA","level":3,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776844884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134583","display_name":"Coronaviridae","level":5,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779820661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6929","display_name":"Human cytomegalovirus","level":3,"score":0.26589998602867126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.16.759718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.16.759718","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.16.759718","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/17/2026.10.16.759718.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:42990169","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42990169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13733732","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13733732/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.16.759718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.16.759718","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.16.759718","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/17/2026.10.16.759718.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222879773.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222879773.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2036594413","https://openalex.org/W2065533930","https://openalex.org/W2078646756","https://openalex.org/W2132260239","https://openalex.org/W2133402546","https://openalex.org/W2148214390","https://openalex.org/W2150368001","https://openalex.org/W2166867592","https://openalex.org/W2179438025","https://openalex.org/W2197124664","https://openalex.org/W2592811885","https://openalex.org/W2793008036","https://openalex.org/W2889114972","https://openalex.org/W2912916321","https://openalex.org/W2949830473","https://openalex.org/W2951912016","https://openalex.org/W2959449984","https://openalex.org/W2990427812","https://openalex.org/W3001897055","https://openalex.org/W3015483118","https://openalex.org/W3017185871","https://openalex.org/W3044957374","https://openalex.org/W3085718285","https://openalex.org/W3099862724","https://openalex.org/W3109000880","https://openalex.org/W3110976643","https://openalex.org/W3114675079","https://openalex.org/W3168084797","https://openalex.org/W3173380664","https://openalex.org/W3175609408","https://openalex.org/W3175752499","https://openalex.org/W3184954235","https://openalex.org/W4200546896","https://openalex.org/W4214516364","https://openalex.org/W4226207319","https://openalex.org/W4283319442","https://openalex.org/W4304806488","https://openalex.org/W4388945592","https://openalex.org/W4394683788","https://openalex.org/W4402802222","https://openalex.org/W4416914614","https://openalex.org/W7214676201"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4283319442","https://openalex.org/W6903772002","https://openalex.org/W4389571411","https://openalex.org/W3199600187","https://openalex.org/W4405571076","https://openalex.org/W4319459693","https://openalex.org/W4365448657","https://openalex.org/W4306925915","https://openalex.org/W4206787465","https://openalex.org/W3196190359"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"As":[1],"highly":[2],"pathogenic":[3,156],"human":[4,157,172,252],"coronaviruses":[5,158],"continue":[6,170],"to":[7,82,93,169],"emerge":[8],"from":[9],"zoonotic":[10],"sources,":[11],"understanding":[12,292],"how":[13],"host":[14,296],"intrinsic":[15],"immune":[16,149,184],"responses":[17,289],"control":[18],"infection":[19,70,88,230],"is":[20,105,123,186,245,282],"critical":[21],"for":[22,56,214,285,291],"preventing":[23],"severe":[24],"disease.":[25],"The":[26],"interferon":[27],"(IFN)":[28],"pathway":[29],"induces":[30],"antiviral":[31,66,141,249,266],"effectors,":[32],"including":[33],"the":[34,74,110,144,182,187,225,234,258,293],"interferon-stimulated":[35,194],"gene":[36,244],"(ISG)":[37],"Shiftless":[38,227],"(SHFL),":[39,228],"which":[40,273,280],"restricts":[41],"\u22121":[42,111],"programmed":[43,112],"ribosomal":[44,113],"frameshifting":[45,114],"during":[46,151,229],"SARS-CoV-2":[47,72,232],"infection.":[48,83,153],"Here,":[49],"we":[50,99,218],"investigate":[51],"a":[52,134,179,220,269,283],"novel":[53,180],"proviral":[54,103,139,215,222],"mechanism":[55],"SHFL":[57,68,84,132,254],"using":[58],"loss-of-function":[59],"and":[60,73,140,165,193,233,278,290,298],"gain-of-function":[61],"approaches.":[62],"Despite":[63],"its":[64,198],"established":[65],"activity,":[67],"enhanced":[69],"by":[71,78,89,231],"seasonal":[75,235],"coronavirus":[76,87,152,236],"HCoV-229E":[77],"increasing":[79],"cellular":[80,91],"susceptibility":[81],"further":[85],"promoted":[86],"reducing":[90],"sensitivity":[92],"IFN\u03b1,":[94],"through":[95],"IFN":[96,121,288],"signaling.":[97],"Finally,":[98],"demonstrate":[100],"that":[101,209,241],"SHFL\u2019s":[102],"effect":[104],"not":[106,246],"completely":[107],"dependent":[108],"on":[109],"domain.":[115,127],"In":[116],"contrast,":[117],"SHFL-mediated":[118],"regulation":[119],"of":[120,125,147,191,224],"signaling":[122],"independent":[124],"this":[126],"Together,":[128],"these":[129],"findings":[130,239],"establish":[131],"as":[133,171,264],"dual-function":[135],"ISG":[136],"with":[137,174],"distinct":[138],"activities,":[142],"highlighting":[143],"complex":[145],"roles":[146],"innate":[148,183],"effectors":[150],"Importance":[154],"Highly":[155],"have":[159,275],"emerged":[160],"three":[161],"times":[162],"since":[163],"2002,":[164],"spillovers":[166],"are":[167,197,202],"likely":[168],"contact":[173],"animal":[175],"habitats":[176],"increases.":[177],"Against":[178],"pathogen,":[181],"response":[185],"host\u2019s":[188],"first":[189],"line":[190],"defense,":[192],"genes":[195],"(ISGs)":[196],"main":[199],"effectors.":[200],"ISGs":[201,274],"canonically":[203],"antiviral,":[204],"but":[205],"growing":[206],"evidence":[207],"suggests":[208],"viruses":[210],"may":[211,262],"co-opt":[212],"them":[213],"functions.":[216],"Here":[217],"describe":[219],"novel,":[221],"function":[223],"ISG,":[226],"HCoV-229E.":[237],"Our":[238],"show":[240],"an":[242,248,265],"IFN-induced":[243],"necessarily":[247],"factor.":[250],"For":[251],"coronaviruses,":[253],"expression":[255],"initially":[256],"benefits":[257],"virus":[259],"although":[260],"it":[261],"act":[263],"factor":[267],"at":[268],"later":[270],"step.":[271],"Knowing":[272],"dual":[276],"functions,":[277],"in":[279],"cells,":[281],"prerequisite":[284],"interpreting":[286],"context-dependent":[287],"balance":[294],"between":[295],"defense":[297],"viral":[299],"persistence.":[300]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-19T00:00:00"}