{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7222850106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73980-z","title":"Evaluating the performance of the surface water and ocean topography (SWOT) mission for monitoring reservoirs across the conterminous United States","display_name":"Evaluating the performance of the surface water and ocean topography (SWOT) mission for monitoring reservoirs across the conterminous United States","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7222850106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73980-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-73980-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73980-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73980-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73980-z_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73980-z_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138529199","display_name":"Justin Tyler Huber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1227-191X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1227-191X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126345244","display_name":"Portland State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yn2fy02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Justin Huber","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth, Environment, and Society, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1227-191X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth, Environment, and Society, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054026606","display_name":"Peyman Abbaszadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4079-5149","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4079-5149"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126345244","display_name":"Portland State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yn2fy02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peyman Abbaszadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hydrologic Modeling and Assimilation Lab, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4079-5149","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hydrologic Modeling and Assimilation Lab, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043574650","display_name":"Heejun Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5605-6500","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5605-6500"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126345244","display_name":"Portland State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yn2fy02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heejun Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth, Environment, and Society, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5605-6500","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth, Environment, and Society, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5138529199"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68096313,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.7836999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.7836999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.06379999965429306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.05889999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swot-mission","display_name":"SWOT mission","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reservoir-monitoring","display_name":"reservoir monitoring","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-altimetry","display_name":"satellite altimetry","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ungauged-sites","display_name":"ungauged sites","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/u-s-army-corps-of-engineers","display_name":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contiguous-united-states","display_name":"contiguous United States","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pacific-northwest","display_name":"Pacific Northwest","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southeastern-united-states","display_name":"southeastern United States","score":0.9359999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.656499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.6139000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989451103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1928951","display_name":"Satellite altimetry","level":3,"score":0.5307000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8625798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752112","display_name":"Surface water","level":2,"score":0.5260999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781113848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915366","display_name":"Geological survey","level":2,"score":0.5228999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119059837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175096","display_name":"SWOT analysis","level":2,"score":0.486299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.4740999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.4528999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776207758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5303302","display_name":"Downstream (manufacturing)","level":2,"score":0.4456000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40382383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2399824","display_name":"Mesoscale meteorology","level":2,"score":0.4372999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.4187999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150320492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7076157","display_name":"Ocean surface topography","level":2,"score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.39640000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17534553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216197","display_name":"Altimeter","level":2,"score":0.385699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.33739998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1284942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929501","display_name":"Water level","level":2,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81660378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8737769","display_name":"Discharge","level":3,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988608701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3329332","display_name":"Open water","level":2,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988134249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22932371","display_name":"Deep water","level":2,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984876570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98","display_name":"Pacific ocean","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-73980-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73980-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73980-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73980-z_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-73980-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73980-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73980-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73980-z_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6618000268936157,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1792233794","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GS436A-A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332183","funder_display_name":"U.S. Geological Survey"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332183","display_name":"U.S. Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222850106.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222850106.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1707610403","https://openalex.org/W2975279263","https://openalex.org/W4406416006","https://openalex.org/W6892160308","https://openalex.org/W6892234425","https://openalex.org/W6967473356"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2260770580","https://openalex.org/W7214035258","https://openalex.org/W7134238767","https://openalex.org/W4200475209","https://openalex.org/W7105698646","https://openalex.org/W7163584333","https://openalex.org/W2908530998","https://openalex.org/W4410057878","https://openalex.org/W4411672627","https://openalex.org/W4410600598"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Remote":[0],"sensing":[1],"provides":[2],"critical":[3],"insights":[4],"into":[5],"reservoir":[6,205],"operations":[7],"at":[8,80,116,192,208],"sites":[9,210],"with":[10,28,106,137,146,173],"minimal":[11],"in-situ":[12,95,138],"data.":[13,45],"The":[14],"Surface":[15],"Water":[16],"and":[17,36,42,57,67,128,155],"Ocean":[18],"Topography":[19],"(SWOT)":[20],"mission":[21],"improves":[22],"upon":[23],"previous":[24],"satellite":[25],"altimetry":[26],"missions":[27],"two-dimensional":[29],"water":[30,38,206],"surface":[31,39,43],"representations,":[32],"enhanced":[33],"discharge":[34,218],"estimates,":[35],"simultaneous":[37],"elevation":[40],"(WSE)":[41],"area/width":[44],"We":[46],"found":[47],"median":[48],"agreement":[49,121,135],"(Spearman":[50],"rho)":[51],"greater":[52],"than":[53],"0.9":[54],"between":[55],"SWOT":[56,201],"773":[58],"United":[59],"States":[60],"Geological":[61],"Survey":[62],"(USGS;":[63],"\u03c1":[64,74],"=":[65,75],"0.96)":[66],"US":[68,82],"Army":[69],"Corps":[70],"of":[71,88,168,200],"Engineers":[72],"(USACE;":[73],"0.94)":[76],"WSE":[77],"time":[78,102],"series":[79,103],"Conterminous":[81],"reservoirs.":[83],"At":[84,164],"USGS":[85,165],"sites,":[86,166],"68%":[87,167],"observations":[89,96,169],"had":[90,170],"relative":[91,171],"errors":[92,172],"compared":[93,186],"to":[94,187,202],"(after":[97],"adjusting":[98],"for":[99,214],"bias":[100],"using":[101],"average":[104],"WSE)":[105],"an":[107,174],"absolute":[108,175],"value":[109,176],"under":[110,177],"10":[111],"cm,":[112],"versus":[113],"22":[114],"cm":[115],"USACE":[117,193],"sites.":[118,194],"However,":[119],"low":[120,148],"clusters":[122],"appeared":[123],"in":[124,151,160],"the":[125,152,161,198],"Pacific":[126,153],"Northwest":[127,154],"Southeastern":[129],"US.":[130,163],"For":[131],"SWOT-derived":[132],"downstream":[133,217],"discharge,":[134],"(\u03c1)":[136],"data":[139],"was":[140],"lower":[141],"(USACE:":[142],"0.57,":[143],"USGS:":[144],"0.39)":[145],"a":[147,156],"performance":[149,158],"cluster":[150,159],"high":[157],"central":[162],"108":[178],"cubic":[179],"meters":[180],"per":[181],"second":[182],"(m":[183],"3":[184,190],"/s),":[185],"133":[188],"m":[189],"/s":[191],"This":[195],"research":[196],"supports":[197],"ability":[199],"accurately":[203],"represent":[204],"levels":[207],"ungauged":[209],"while":[211],"recognizing":[212],"potential":[213],"improvement":[215],"on":[216],"estimates.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00"}