{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7222722018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1965664","title":"Primary tracheal lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma in a young non-smoking male: a case report highlighting the diagnostic value of flow-volume loop","display_name":"Primary tracheal lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma in a young non-smoking male: a case report highlighting the diagnostic value of flow-volume loop","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7222722018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1965664","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42964931","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13720881"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1965664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1965664","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1965664","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1965664/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597052008","display_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","issn_l":"2296-858X","issn":["2296-858X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1965664/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101605392","display_name":"Shan Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5855-8618","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5855-8618"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092654","display_name":"Longgang Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00j5y7k81","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092654"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shan Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longgang District Central Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longgang District Central Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092654"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103012484","display_name":"Sida Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9409-9358","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9409-9358"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092654","display_name":"Longgang Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00j5y7k81","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092654"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sida Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longgang District Central Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longgang District Central Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092654"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158925449","display_name":"Jintao Ou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092654","display_name":"Longgang Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00j5y7k81","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092654"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jintao Ou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longgang District Central Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longgang District Central Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092654"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157793710","display_name":"Yan Shen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092654","display_name":"Longgang Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00j5y7k81","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092654"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yan Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longgang District Central Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longgang District Central Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092654"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5157793710"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092654"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80563647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"1965664","last_page":"1965664"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11260","display_name":"Tracheal and airway disorders","score":0.9042999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11260","display_name":"Tracheal and airway disorders","score":0.9042999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10685","display_name":"Viral-associated cancers and disorders","score":0.026599999517202377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12992","display_name":"Metastasis and carcinoma case studies","score":0.0203000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lymphoepithelioma-like-carcinoma","display_name":"lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-tracheal-tumor","display_name":"primary tracheal tumor","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epstein-barr-virus","display_name":"Epstein-Barr virus","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-volume-loop","display_name":"flow-volume loop","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-airway-obstruction","display_name":"central airway obstruction","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misdiagnosis-as-asthma","display_name":"misdiagnosis as asthma","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eber-in-situ-hybridization","display_name":"EBER in situ hybridization","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracheal-resection","display_name":"tracheal resection","score":0.7049999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9455000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777910003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1707292","display_name":"Asymptomatic","level":2,"score":0.6927000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105922876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423981","display_name":"Airway","level":2,"score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778333281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4330029","display_name":"Airway obstruction","level":3,"score":0.6223999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778996910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237232","display_name":"Bronchoscopy","level":2,"score":0.5795999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779399171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1483951","display_name":"Malignancy","level":2,"score":0.5554999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207886595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1456138","display_name":"Pathological","level":2,"score":0.5152999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.4869000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.48190000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908550248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116448","display_name":"Tracheal Stenosis","level":3,"score":0.45210000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776042228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35869","display_name":"Asthma","level":2,"score":0.43549999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75603125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1877462","display_name":"Pulmonary function testing","level":2,"score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.3621000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837512","display_name":"Differential diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777546739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33525","display_name":"Carcinoma","level":2,"score":0.3508000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81182388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353963","display_name":"Complication","level":2,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777661416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1035645","display_name":"Carcinoma in situ","level":3,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17078201","display_name":"Resection","level":2,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776178081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3286546","display_name":"Respiratory disease","level":3,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63363279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133848","display_name":"Clinical significance","level":2,"score":0.25619998574256897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1965664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1965664","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1965664","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1965664/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597052008","display_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","issn_l":"2296-858X","issn":["2296-858X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13720881","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42964931/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13720881/pdf/fmed-13-1965664.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Med (Lausanne)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42964931","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42964931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in medicine","raw_type":"Case Reports"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f0cffa1f16434ea28ee7adde34311114","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f0cffa1f16434ea28ee7adde34311114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine, Vol 13 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1965664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1965664","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1965664","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1965664/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597052008","display_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","issn_l":"2296-858X","issn":["2296-858X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Case Report","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/case-report"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222722018.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222722018.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087413923","https://openalex.org/W2105176880","https://openalex.org/W2767360184","https://openalex.org/W3080830206","https://openalex.org/W4399142309","https://openalex.org/W4402095885","https://openalex.org/W4407036642"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026514993","https://openalex.org/W2087413923","https://openalex.org/W3110624","https://openalex.org/W3088984908","https://openalex.org/W2408723451","https://openalex.org/W2282416761","https://openalex.org/W2898041580","https://openalex.org/W1879550138","https://openalex.org/W2394616058","https://openalex.org/W2203433845"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Primary":[1],"tracheal":[2,13,98,125,213],"lymphoepithelioma-like":[3],"carcinoma":[4],"(LELC)":[5],"is":[6,46],"an":[7],"extremely":[8],"rare":[9,212],"malignancy":[10],"(<2%":[11],"of":[12,139,211],"tumors)":[14],"strongly":[15],"associated":[16],"with":[17,59,82,105,127,144,186],"Epstein\u2013Barr":[18],"virus.":[19],"Tracheal":[20],"tumors":[21],"can":[22,202],"mimic":[23],"asthma":[24],"due":[25],"to":[26,32,41,63,95,156,165,190],"dynamic":[27],"airway":[28,43,85,205],"obstruction,":[29],"often":[30],"leading":[31],"diagnostic":[33],"delay.":[34],"The":[35,68,114,169],"flow-volume":[36,69,141,193],"loop":[37,70,142,194],"provides":[38],"critical":[39],"clues":[40],"central":[42,204],"obstruction":[44,86,206],"but":[45],"frequently":[47],"overlooked.":[48],"Case":[49],"Presentation":[50],"We":[51],"report":[52],"a":[53,72,97],"30-year-old":[54],"non-smoking":[55],"male":[56],"initially":[57],"misdiagnosed":[58],"asthma,":[60],"whose":[61],"refractoriness":[62],"inhaled":[64],"corticosteroids":[65],"prompted":[66],"spirometry.":[67],"revealed":[71],"plateau":[73],"pattern":[74],"in":[75,111,150,183],"both":[76],"inspiratory":[77],"and":[78,93,158,207],"expiratory":[79,148,161],"limbs,":[80],"consistent":[81],"fixed":[83],"upper":[84],"which":[87],"guided":[88],"chest":[89],"computed":[90],"tomography":[91],"(CT)":[92],"bronchoscopy":[94],"identify":[96],"polypoid":[99],"mass.":[100],"Pathological":[101],"examination":[102],"confirmed":[103],"LELC":[104],"positive":[106],"EBV-encoded":[107],"small":[108],"RNAs":[109],"(EBER)":[110],"situ":[112],"hybridization.":[113],"patient":[115,170],"underwent":[116],"endoscopic":[117],"resection":[118],"followed":[119],"by":[120],"video-assisted":[121],"thoracoscopic":[122],"surgery":[123],"(VATS)":[124],"resection-anastomosis":[126],"lymphadenectomy.":[128],"Postoperative":[129],"pulmonary":[130],"function":[131],"testing":[132],"at":[133,175],"1-year":[134,176],"follow-up":[135],"demonstrated":[136],"complete":[137],"normalization":[138],"the":[140,209],"morphology,":[143],"FEV":[145],"1":[146,151],"(Forced":[147],"volume":[149],"s)":[152],"improved":[153],"from":[154,163],"0.91L":[155],"3.62L(+298%)":[157],"PEF":[159],"(peak":[160],"flow)":[162],"2.03L/s":[164],"6.76":[166],"L/s":[167],"(+233%).":[168],"remained":[171],"asymptomatic":[172],"without":[173],"recurrence":[174],"follow-up.":[177],"Conclusion":[178],"This":[179],"case":[180],"underscores":[181],"that,":[182],"young":[184],"patients":[185],"asthma-like":[187],"symptoms":[188],"refractory":[189],"conventional":[191],"therapy,":[192],"analysis":[195],"should":[196],"not":[197],"be":[198],"deferred,":[199],"as":[200],"it":[201],"unmask":[203],"expedite":[208],"diagnosis":[210],"malignancies.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00"}