{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7222687682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11187619/v1","title":"The persistent impact of tropical cyclones over the Northwest Pacific on Arctic sea ice","display_name":"The persistent impact of tropical cyclones over the Northwest Pacific on Arctic sea ice","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7222687682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11187619/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11187619/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11187619/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11187619/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11187619/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11187619/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111170654","display_name":"Dingjia Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0076-7473","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0076-7473"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dingjia Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hohai University College of Oceanography"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0076-7473","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hohai University College of Oceanography","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158873951","display_name":"Yanping Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanping Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hohai University College of Oceanography"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hohai University College of Oceanography","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158869872","display_name":"Jianping Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianping Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ocean University of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean University of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158888560","display_name":"Xuezhi Bai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuezhi Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hohai University College of Oceanography"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hohai University College of Oceanography","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.6596999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.6596999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.32420000433921814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tropical-cyclones","display_name":"tropical cyclones","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/western-north-pacific","display_name":"western North Pacific","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic-sea-ice","display_name":"Arctic sea ice","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beaufort-sea","display_name":"Beaufort Sea","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/el-nino","display_name":"El Ni\u00f1o","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accumulated-cyclone-energy","display_name":"accumulated cyclone energy","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rossby-wave-train","display_name":"Rossby wave train","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pacific-north-american-pattern","display_name":"Pacific-North American pattern","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice-albedo-feedback","display_name":"sea ice albedo feedback","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-energy-balance","display_name":"surface energy balance","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longwave-radiation","display_name":"longwave radiation","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shortwave-radiation","display_name":"shortwave radiation","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice-prediction","display_name":"sea ice forecasting","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enso-teleconnections","display_name":"ENSO teleconnections","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-surface-temperature-anomalies","display_name":"sea surface temperature anomalies","score":0.5770000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.7178999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72319357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1063457","display_name":"Extratropical cyclone","level":2,"score":0.6097000241279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29141058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8092","display_name":"Tropical cyclone","level":2,"score":0.5612000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5493999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189059800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1310671","display_name":"Ice-albedo feedback","level":5,"score":0.5462999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.5295000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19369268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7502259","display_name":"Shortwave radiation","level":3,"score":0.5260999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776272892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7502249","display_name":"Shortwave","level":3,"score":0.5245000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779155178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082861","display_name":"Longwave","level":3,"score":0.508400022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161798024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3651008","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","level":3,"score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145151356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053589","display_name":"Rossby wave","level":2,"score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143510601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16243069","display_name":"Arctic sea ice decline","level":5,"score":0.4449000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.40049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134097258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1507383","display_name":"Sea surface temperature","level":2,"score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780723968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2999493","display_name":"Outgoing longwave radiation","level":3,"score":0.38089999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10899652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160329","display_name":"Convection","level":2,"score":0.37689998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508345","display_name":"Lead (geology)","level":2,"score":0.35659998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518008717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322","display_name":"Arctic","level":2,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58024561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207721","display_name":"Latent heat","level":2,"score":0.34139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165479943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2882177","display_name":"Rainband","level":3,"score":0.34130001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115852967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207934","display_name":"Diabatic","level":3,"score":0.33329999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61562682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751028","display_name":"Tropical cyclogenesis","level":4,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29705727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294562","display_name":"Polar","level":2,"score":0.3310999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196735533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378564","display_name":"Drift ice","level":4,"score":0.3292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777864850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79598","display_name":"Cyclone (programming language)","level":3,"score":0.3082999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123576220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3982797","display_name":"Teleconnection","level":3,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18101618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9346670","display_name":"Middle latitudes","level":2,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4579588","display_name":"Storm track","level":3,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194520297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440064","display_name":"Sea ice concentration","level":5,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105306849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81054","display_name":"Storm","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168754636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620920","display_name":"Climate model","level":3,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197435368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493109","display_name":"Cryosphere","level":3,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155372631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4787572","display_name":"Arctic geoengineering","level":5,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16335420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18205270","display_name":"Antarctic sea ice","level":4,"score":0.2732999920845032}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11187619/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11187619/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11187619/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11187619/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11187619/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11187619/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11187619/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11187619/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9786999821662903,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222687682.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222687682.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1645858368","https://openalex.org/W1793614517","https://openalex.org/W1963681454","https://openalex.org/W2040467937","https://openalex.org/W2051387452","https://openalex.org/W2073289890","https://openalex.org/W2104674351","https://openalex.org/W2111008143","https://openalex.org/W2119175727","https://openalex.org/W2168158322","https://openalex.org/W2173519424","https://openalex.org/W2298572632","https://openalex.org/W2581398876","https://openalex.org/W2590893560","https://openalex.org/W2621056970","https://openalex.org/W2774493303","https://openalex.org/W2797865161","https://openalex.org/W2806322703","https://openalex.org/W2810830053","https://openalex.org/W2944840869","https://openalex.org/W2969678897","https://openalex.org/W2974033101","https://openalex.org/W2988807187","https://openalex.org/W3025949386","https://openalex.org/W3088119186","https://openalex.org/W3195353420","https://openalex.org/W4210656348","https://openalex.org/W4210759058","https://openalex.org/W4212974677","https://openalex.org/W4214730474","https://openalex.org/W4220698075","https://openalex.org/W4319310825","https://openalex.org/W4388564681","https://openalex.org/W4394681140","https://openalex.org/W4404076734","https://openalex.org/W4413098006","https://openalex.org/W6908435960"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4404076734","https://openalex.org/W3162770630","https://openalex.org/W4394681140","https://openalex.org/W7127912356","https://openalex.org/W4413098006","https://openalex.org/W4400574345","https://openalex.org/W3083837982","https://openalex.org/W4392968154","https://openalex.org/W4400364965","https://openalex.org/W2104633488"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Tropical":[1],"cyclones":[2,114],"(TCs)":[3],"over":[4],"the":[5,21,28,34,43,53,56,60,112,140,148,156,171,204,225,229,253,256,270,282,298,326,338],"western":[6,57],"North":[7],"Pacific":[8],"(WNP)":[9],"are":[10],"known":[11],"to":[12,27,111,139,249,309,318],"intensify":[13],"El":[14,103,193,230],"Ni\u00f1o,":[15],"and":[16,47,74,87,130,159,182,192,294,321],"recent":[17],"work":[18,110],"has":[19],"linked":[20],"preceding":[22,257],"autumn":[23],"WNP":[24],"TC":[25],"activity":[26],"following":[29,271],"spring":[30,177],"sea":[31,274],"ice":[32],"in":[33,203,303,325],"Beaufort":[35,141,273],"Sea.":[36,142],"Here":[37],"we":[38,91],"extend":[39],"this":[40,223,308,346],"connection":[41],"into":[42,178],"summer":[44],"melt":[45,327],"season":[46],"diagnose,":[48],"term":[49],"by":[50,108,170,247],"term,":[51],"how":[52],"signal":[54],"reaches":[55],"Arctic.":[58],"Using":[59],"Accumulated":[61],"Cyclone":[62],"Energy":[63],"(ACE)":[64],"index":[65,259,284,341],"derived":[66],"from":[67,176,352],"IBTrACS":[68],"(1970\u20132024)":[69],"together":[70],"with":[71,99,180,297],"ERA5,":[72],"HadISST,":[73],"a":[75,83,88,125,131,187,241,261,287,304],"regression-based":[76],"decomposition,":[77,90],"partial-correlation":[78],"analysis,":[79],"Rossby-wave":[80],"ray":[81],"tracing,":[82],"perturbation":[84],"hypsometric":[85],"diagnosis,":[86],"surface-flux":[89],"show":[92,215],"that":[93,135,216],"enhanced":[94],"August\u2013October":[95],"ACE":[96,258,283,314],"is":[97,316,322,342],"associated":[98],"an":[100,217],"intensified":[101],"following-winter":[102],"Ni\u00f1o":[104,231],"(an":[105],"amplification":[106],"attributed":[107],"earlier":[109],"tropical":[113],"themselves;":[115],"Wang":[116],"et":[117],"al.":[118],"2019),":[119],"whose":[120],"tropical-Pacific":[121,219],"convective":[122],"heating":[123],"excites":[124],"stationary":[126],"Rossby":[127],"wave":[128],"train":[129],"Pacific\u2013North":[132],"American-like":[133],"pattern":[134,234],"transports":[136],"energy":[137,150],"poleward":[138],"The":[143,190,313],"resulting":[144],"circulation":[145],"anomalies":[146],"reorganize":[147],"surface":[149],"budget:":[151],"net":[152,165],"longwave":[153,208],"radiation":[154,167],"dominates":[155,175],"response":[157,233],"during":[158],"just":[160],"after":[161],"polar":[162],"night,":[163],"whereas":[164],"shortwave":[166,210],"\u2014":[168,174],"amplified":[169],"sea-ice\u2013albedo":[172],"feedback":[173],"summer,":[179],"latent":[181],"sensible":[183],"heat":[184],"fluxes":[185],"playing":[186],"secondary":[188],"role.":[189],"ACE-":[191],"Ni\u00f1o-related":[194],"pathways":[195],"drive":[196],"broadly":[197],"similar":[198],"surface-energy":[199],"changes":[200],"but":[201,263],"differ":[202],"relative":[205],"importance":[206],"of":[207,266,290],"versus":[209],"radiation.":[211],"Atmosphere-only":[212],"CAM5":[213],"experiments":[214],"ENSO-like":[218],"SST":[220],"anomaly":[221],"forces":[222],"teleconnection:":[224],"ACE-congruent":[226],"forcing":[227],"reproduces":[228],"500-hPa":[232],"almost":[235],"exactly":[236],"(pattern":[237],"correlation":[238],"0.95)":[239],"at":[240,276],"proportionally":[242],"reduced":[243],"amplitude.":[244],"Finally,":[245],"evaluated":[246],"cross-validation":[248],"avoid":[250],"overfitting":[251],"on":[252,345],"short":[254,347],"record,":[255,348],"provides":[260],"modest":[262],"genuine":[264],"source":[265],"predictive":[267],"information":[268],"for":[269],"spring\u2013summer":[272],"ice:":[275],"long":[277],"lead":[278],"(\u2248":[279],"7\u201310":[280],"months)":[281],"alone":[285],"yields":[286],"leave-one-out":[288],"skill":[289,336],"r":[291,310],"\u2248":[292,311],"0.3,":[293],"combining":[295],"it":[296],"observed":[299],"winter":[300,339],"sea-ice":[301,319],"state":[302],"shorter-lead":[305],"configuration":[306],"raises":[307],"0.45.":[312],"contribution":[315],"complementary":[317],"persistence":[320,331],"most":[323],"valuable":[324],"season,":[328],"where":[329],"local":[330],"carries":[332],"no":[333],"memory;":[334],"its":[335],"beyond":[337],"Ni\u00f1o-3.4":[340],"positive":[343],"but,":[344],"not":[349],"statistically":[350],"distinguishable":[351],"zero.":[353]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00"}