{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7222664895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.71144","title":"The effects of TMS stimulus direction on corticospinal and cortico\u2010cortical excitability of the lower limb in healthy adults","display_name":"The effects of TMS stimulus direction on corticospinal and cortico\u2010cortical excitability of the lower limb in healthy adults","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7222664895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.71144","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42885435","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13673296"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14814/phy2.71144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.71144","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.71144","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.14814/phy2.71144","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91696817","display_name":"Physiological Reports","issn_l":"2051-817X","issn":["2051-817X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physiological Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.14814/phy2.71144","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088220837","display_name":"MacGregor Hall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2644-3980","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2644-3980"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. C. Hall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiotherapy, Non\u2010Invasive Brain Stimulation & Neuroplasticity Laboratory Monash University  Frankston Victoria Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2644-3980","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiotherapy, Non\u2010Invasive Brain Stimulation & Neuroplasticity Laboratory Monash University  Frankston Victoria Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158873641","display_name":"M. Zoghi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149672521","display_name":"Federation University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbzwv83","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149672521"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Zoghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Discipline of Physiotherapy, Institute of Health and Wellbeing Federation University  Berwick Victoria Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Discipline of Physiotherapy, Institute of Health and Wellbeing Federation University  Berwick Victoria Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149672521"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158906394","display_name":"L. Perraton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Perraton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiotherapy, Non\u2010Invasive Brain Stimulation & Neuroplasticity Laboratory Monash University  Frankston Victoria Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiotherapy, Non\u2010Invasive Brain Stimulation & Neuroplasticity Laboratory Monash University  Frankston Victoria Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158935709","display_name":"S. Jaberzadeh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Jaberzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiotherapy, Non\u2010Invasive Brain Stimulation & Neuroplasticity Laboratory Monash University  Frankston Victoria Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiotherapy, Non\u2010Invasive Brain Stimulation & Neuroplasticity Laboratory Monash University  Frankston Victoria Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088220837"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"],"apc_list":{"value":2050,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2050},"apc_paid":{"value":2050,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2050},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75761796,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"20","first_page":"e71144","last_page":"e71144"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation","display_name":"transcranial magnetic stimulation","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulus-direction","display_name":"stimulus direction","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corticospinal-excitability","display_name":"corticospinal excitability","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intracortical-excitability","display_name":"intracortical excitability","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lower-limb","display_name":"lower extremity","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tibialis-anterior","display_name":"tibialis anterior","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-cortex","display_name":"motor cortex","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paired-pulse-tms","display_name":"paired-pulse TMS","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-interval-intracortical-inhibition","display_name":"short-interval intracortical inhibition","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-interval-intracortical-inhibition","display_name":"long-interval intracortical inhibition","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intracortical-facilitation","display_name":"intracortical facilitation","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resting-motor-threshold","display_name":"resting motor threshold","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-evoked-potentials","display_name":"motor evoked potentials","score":0.8059999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778581513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263962","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","level":3,"score":0.8827999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7465000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778373776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18696","display_name":"Motor cortex","level":3,"score":0.6865000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.6545000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.6301000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17077164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185869","display_name":"Inhibitory postsynaptic potential","level":2,"score":0.5722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85884249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7514754","display_name":"Silent period","level":4,"score":0.5385000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5134999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1337776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941955","display_name":"Facilitation","level":2,"score":0.4657999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779779279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19915308","display_name":"Corticospinal tract","level":4,"score":0.43529999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780307956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18707","display_name":"Primary motor cortex","level":4,"score":0.4147999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989316616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6027402","display_name":"Lower limb","level":2,"score":0.3952000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778823896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618678","display_name":"Evoked potential","level":2,"score":0.3686999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.32089999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985799443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955838","display_name":"Brain stimulation","level":3,"score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776660947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841423","display_name":"Upper limb","level":2,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776050358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127006","display_name":"Muscle contraction","level":2,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776379899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q975054","display_name":"Tibialis anterior muscle","level":3,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75839","display_name":"Cerebral cortex","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019295976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6027402","display_name":"Leg muscle","level":2,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185263204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154774","display_name":"Electrophysiology","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46762472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178648","display_name":"Peripheral","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009044","descriptor_name":"Motor Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011712","descriptor_name":"Pyramidal Tracts","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000294","qualifier_name":"innervation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019054","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Motor","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035002","descriptor_name":"Lower Extremity","qualifier_ui":"Q000294","qualifier_name":"innervation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035002","descriptor_name":"Lower Extremity","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050781","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14814/phy2.71144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.71144","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.71144","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.14814/phy2.71144","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91696817","display_name":"Physiological Reports","issn_l":"2051-817X","issn":["2051-817X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physiological Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13673296","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13673296/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13673296/pdf/PHY2-14-e71144.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physiol Rep","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42885435","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42885435","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physiological reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ba80461b0b6f4184b407c7f00d8afbaf","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ba80461b0b6f4184b407c7f00d8afbaf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Physiological Reports, Vol 14, Iss 20, Pp n/a-n/a (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.14814/phy2.71144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.71144","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.71144","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.14814/phy2.71144","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91696817","display_name":"Physiological Reports","issn_l":"2051-817X","issn":["2051-817X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physiological Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320971","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222664895.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222664895.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002379903","https://openalex.org/W2007201495","https://openalex.org/W2051502562","https://openalex.org/W2055836459","https://openalex.org/W2064909177","https://openalex.org/W2098483589","https://openalex.org/W2110722544","https://openalex.org/W2116816846","https://openalex.org/W2143288960","https://openalex.org/W2147860398","https://openalex.org/W2154233621","https://openalex.org/W2156153858","https://openalex.org/W2160750646","https://openalex.org/W2502438165","https://openalex.org/W2510102470","https://openalex.org/W2772359376","https://openalex.org/W2802137293","https://openalex.org/W2884802626","https://openalex.org/W2973151024","https://openalex.org/W3044371672","https://openalex.org/W3113426935","https://openalex.org/W3180046818","https://openalex.org/W3198643175","https://openalex.org/W3199722401","https://openalex.org/W4236797742","https://openalex.org/W4388872096","https://openalex.org/W4392767902","https://openalex.org/W4400065473"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4321180425","https://openalex.org/W3044371672","https://openalex.org/W2755297559","https://openalex.org/W2061683166","https://openalex.org/W7171830392","https://openalex.org/W2094811021","https://openalex.org/W2326035275","https://openalex.org/W2084642074","https://openalex.org/W2551927979","https://openalex.org/W2056636457"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transcranial":[0],"magnetic":[1],"stimulation":[2,135,146,155,177],"(TMS)":[3],"studies":[4],"in":[5,85,122,171],"upper":[6],"limb":[7,26],"muscles":[8],"have":[9],"shown":[10],"that":[11],"stimulus":[12,35,120,162,192],"direction":[13,36,193],"can":[14],"influence":[15],"corticospinal":[16,38],"and":[17,39,66,112,133,160,168],"intracortical":[18,40,105,109,113,185],"excitability;":[19],"however,":[20],"limited":[21],"evidence":[22],"exists":[23],"for":[24,136],"lower":[25],"muscles.":[27],"This":[28],"study":[29],"investigated":[30],"the":[31,43,86,97,172],"effect":[32],"of":[33,42],"TMS":[34,68],"on":[37],"excitability":[41],"tibialis":[44],"anterior":[45],"(TA)":[46],"muscle":[47],"using":[48,71],"paired-pulse":[49,67],"TMS.":[50],"Nineteen":[51],"healthy":[52],"adults":[53],"(10":[54],"males,":[55],"9":[56],"females;":[57],"mean":[58],"age":[59],"41.8":[60],"\u00b1":[61],"23":[62],"years)":[63],"participated.":[64],"Single-":[65],"was":[69],"delivered":[70],"a":[72,123],"figure-of-eight":[73],"coil":[74],"oriented":[75],"to":[76,191],"induce":[77],"anterior-to-posterior":[78],"(AP)":[79],"or":[80,139],"posterior-to-anterior":[81],"(PA)":[82],"current":[83],"flow":[84],"left":[87],"motor":[88,92,101],"cortex":[89],"while":[90],"recording":[91],"evoked":[93],"potentials":[94],"(MEPs)":[95],"from":[96],"right":[98],"TA.":[99],"Resting":[100],"threshold":[102],"(RMT),":[103],"short-interval":[104],"inhibition":[106,110],"(SICI),":[107],"long-interval":[108],"(LICI),":[111],"facilitation":[114],"(ICF)":[115],"were":[116,129],"assessed":[117],"under":[118],"both":[119],"directions":[121,163],"single":[124],"session.":[125],"No":[126],"significant":[127],"differences":[128],"identified":[130],"between":[131],"AP":[132,145,159,176],"PA":[134,154,161],"RMT,":[137,166],"SICI,":[138,167],"LICI":[140,169],"(p":[141,156],">":[142],"0.05).":[143],"However,":[144],"produced":[147,164],"significantly":[148],"greater":[149,179],"ICF":[150],"responses":[151],"compared":[152],"with":[153],"=":[157],"0.027).":[158],"comparable":[165],"measures":[170],"TA":[173],"muscle,":[174],"although":[175],"elicited":[178],"ICF.":[180],"These":[181],"findings":[182],"suggest":[183],"facilitatory":[184],"circuits":[186],"may":[187],"be":[188],"more":[189],"sensitive":[190],"than":[194],"inhibitory":[195],"pathways.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00"}