{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7222514367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-2026-0794","title":"Astragalus-containing compound formula for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with a focus on relatively younger patients: a study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","display_name":"Astragalus-containing compound formula for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with a focus on relatively younger patients: a study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7222514367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-2026-0794","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42996950","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13740754"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21037/jtd-2026-0794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-2026-0794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-2026-0794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2754193772","display_name":"Journal of Thoracic Disease","issn_l":"2072-1439","issn":["2072-1439","2077-6624"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321814","host_organization_name":"AME Publishing Company","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321814"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AME Publishing Company"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Thoracic Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-2026-0794","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027355860","display_name":"\u90dd\u9732\u840d","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119864","display_name":"Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9tqe79","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141459","display_name":"Tianjin Fourth Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03xbe8838","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141459"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5740404","display_name":"Tianjin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02mh8wx89","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5740404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luping Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China","Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119864","https://openalex.org/I4210141459","https://openalex.org/I5740404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5740404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158899025","display_name":"Rong Cui","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119864","display_name":"Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9tqe79","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141459","display_name":"Tianjin Fourth Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03xbe8838","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141459"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5740404","display_name":"Tianjin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02mh8wx89","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5740404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China","Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119864","https://openalex.org/I4210141459","https://openalex.org/I5740404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158875094","display_name":"Qiuchan Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119864","display_name":"Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9tqe79","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141459","display_name":"Tianjin Fourth Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03xbe8838","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141459"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5740404","display_name":"Tianjin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02mh8wx89","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5740404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiuchan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China","Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119864","https://openalex.org/I4210141459","https://openalex.org/I5740404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5740404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135022897","display_name":"Dajun Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119864","display_name":"Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9tqe79","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141459","display_name":"Tianjin Fourth Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03xbe8838","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141459"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5740404","display_name":"Tianjin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02mh8wx89","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5740404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dajun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119864","https://openalex.org/I4210141459","https://openalex.org/I5740404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089441646","display_name":"\u5f6d\u79cb\u51e4","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119864","display_name":"Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9tqe79","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141459","display_name":"Tianjin Fourth Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03xbe8838","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141459"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5740404","display_name":"Tianjin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02mh8wx89","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5740404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiufeng Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119864","https://openalex.org/I4210141459","https://openalex.org/I5740404"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135014680","display_name":"Jingchun He","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119864","display_name":"Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9tqe79","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141459","display_name":"Tianjin Fourth Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03xbe8838","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141459"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5740404","display_name":"Tianjin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02mh8wx89","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5740404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jingchun He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119864","https://openalex.org/I4210141459","https://openalex.org/I5740404"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5135014680"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119864","https://openalex.org/I4210141459","https://openalex.org/I5740404"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80355893,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"10","first_page":"1157","last_page":"1157"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.9276999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.9276999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13444","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research","score":0.051500000059604645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12647","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Studies","score":0.011500000022351742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astragalus","display_name":"Astragalus","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease","display_name":"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stable-copd","display_name":"stable COPD","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/younger-patients","display_name":"younger patients","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traditional-chinese-medicine","display_name":"traditional Chinese medicine","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copd-exacerbation-prevention","display_name":"COPD exacerbation prevention","score":0.6589999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9505000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992779976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3286546","display_name":"Pulmonary disease","level":2,"score":0.7186999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.6833000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6310999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.4765999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.43160000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.3734999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776780178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199804","display_name":"COPD","level":2,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.2696000039577484}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21037/jtd-2026-0794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-2026-0794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-2026-0794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2754193772","display_name":"Journal of Thoracic Disease","issn_l":"2072-1439","issn":["2072-1439","2077-6624"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321814","host_organization_name":"AME Publishing Company","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321814"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AME Publishing Company"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Thoracic Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42996950","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42996950","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of thoracic disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13740754","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13740754/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Thorac Dis","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21037/jtd-2026-0794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-2026-0794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-2026-0794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2754193772","display_name":"Journal of Thoracic Disease","issn_l":"2072-1439","issn":["2072-1439","2077-6624"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321814","host_organization_name":"AME Publishing Company","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321814"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AME Publishing Company"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Thoracic Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4254860848"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2990024314","https://openalex.org/W2602569033","https://openalex.org/W2400860242","https://openalex.org/W2752978064","https://openalex.org/W2363214139","https://openalex.org/W2329419786","https://openalex.org/W7036129633","https://openalex.org/W2328053374","https://openalex.org/W3000974382","https://openalex.org/W3110900669"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Chronic":[1,83],"obstructive":[2],"pulmonary":[3],"disease":[4],"(COPD)":[5],"increasingly":[6],"affects":[7],"relatively":[8,61,327],"younger,":[9,62],"working-age":[10,63,330],"adults,":[11],"in":[12,49,57,186,204,276,319,326],"whom":[13],"impaired":[14],"physical":[15,214,324],"function":[16,198,325],"can":[17],"compromise":[18],"work,":[19],"family":[20],"responsibilities,":[21],"and":[22,33,103,210,213,225,250,261,268,292,322,329,341],"quality":[23],"of":[24,35,110,139,345],"life.":[25],"This":[26,66,305],"study":[27,169],"aims":[28],"to":[29,43,171,188,309],"evaluate":[30,119,310],"the":[31,99,104,140,230,277,283,312,346],"efficacy":[32,271],"safety":[34],"an":[36,41,160],"Astragalus-containing":[37,130,177],"compound":[38,131,178,313],"formula":[39,179,314],"as":[40,301],"adjunct":[42],"protocol-specified":[44,141],"background":[45,189],"Western":[46],"maintenance":[47,144],"therapy":[48],"patients":[50,73,331],"with":[51,54,77,166,296,332],"stable":[52,78,333],"COPD,":[53,79],"particular":[55],"interest":[56],"its":[58],"effects":[59],"among":[60],"patients.":[64],"Methods:":[65],"multicenter,":[67],"randomized,":[68],"double-blind,":[69],"placebo-controlled":[70],"trial":[71,306],"includes":[72],"aged":[74,121],"40-75":[75],"years":[76],"Global":[80],"Initiative":[81],"for":[82,146,183],"Obstructive":[84],"Lung":[85],"Disease":[86],"grades":[87],"2-4,":[88],"at":[89,147,259,262],"least":[90,148],"two":[91],"moderate":[92],"exacerbations":[93,321],"or":[94,180],"one":[95,138,205],"exacerbation-related":[96],"hospitalization":[97],"during":[98],"previous":[100],"12":[101],"months,":[102],"traditional":[105],"Chinese":[106],"medicine":[107],"(TCM)":[108],"pattern":[109],"lung-kidney":[111],"qi":[112],"deficiency.":[113],"An":[114],"exploratory":[115],"age-focused":[116],"analysis":[117,279],"will":[118,256,273],"participants":[120,134],"40-60":[122],"years.":[123],"The":[124],"intervention":[125],"is":[126,307],"a":[127,174],"fixed":[128,175],"12-herb":[129,176],"formula.":[132],"Eligible":[133],"must":[135],"have":[136],"received":[137],"stable-dose":[142],"inhaled":[143],"regimens":[145],"3":[149],"consecutive":[150],"months":[151],"before":[152],"screening.":[153],"Participants":[154],"are":[155,193],"centrally":[156],"randomized":[157],"1:1":[158],"through":[159],"Interactive":[161],"Web":[162],"Response":[163],"System":[164],"(IWRS),":[165],"stratification":[167],"by":[168,200,217],"center,":[170],"receive":[172],"either":[173],"matching":[181],"placebo":[182],"48":[184],"weeks":[185,263],"addition":[187],"therapy.":[190],"Primary":[191,270],"outcomes":[192,228],"acute":[194],"exacerbation":[195],"frequency,":[196],"lung":[197],"assessed":[199,216],"forced":[201,207],"expiratory":[202],"volume":[203],"second,":[206],"vital":[208],"capacity,":[209],"their":[211],"ratio,":[212],"fitness":[215],"six-minute":[218],"walk":[219],"distance":[220],"(6MWD),":[221],"muscle":[222],"strength,":[223],"flexibility,":[224],"balance.":[226],"Secondary":[227],"include":[229],"modified":[231],"Medical":[232,348],"Research":[233],"Council":[234],"(mMRC)":[235],"dyspnea":[236],"scale,":[237],"COPD":[238],"Assessment":[239],"Test":[240],"(CAT),":[241],"St.":[242],"George's":[243],"Respiratory":[244],"Questionnaire":[245],"(SGRQ),":[246],"TCM":[247],"syndrome":[248],"score,":[249],"Epworth":[251],"Sleepiness":[252],"Scale":[253],"(ESS).":[254],"Assessments":[255],"be":[257,274],"conducted":[258,275],"baseline":[260],"4,":[264],"12,":[265],"24,":[266],"36,":[267],"48.":[269],"analyses":[272,299],"full":[278],"set":[280],"(FAS),":[281],"following":[282],"intention-to-treat":[284],"(ITT)":[285],"principle,":[286],"using":[287],"prespecified":[288],"negative":[289],"binomial":[290],"regression":[291],"linear":[293],"mixed-effects":[294],"models,":[295],"per-protocol":[297],"(PP)":[298],"performed":[300],"sensitivity":[302],"analyses.":[303],"Discussion:":[304],"designed":[308],"whether":[311],"provides":[315],"additional":[316],"long-term":[317],"benefits":[318],"reducing":[320],"improving":[323],"younger":[328],"COPD.":[334],"Trial":[335,339],"Registration:":[336],"Drug":[337],"Clinical":[338],"Registration":[340],"Information":[342],"Disclosure":[343],"Platform":[344],"National":[347],"Products":[349],"Administration":[350],"(NMPA),":[351],"China,":[352],"registration":[353],"No.":[354],"CTR20232692.":[355]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00"}