{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7222436419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1890157","title":"Effects of violet light exposure on aging dogs: a pilot study","display_name":"Effects of violet light exposure on aging dogs: a pilot study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7222436419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1890157","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42964361","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13720361"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fvets.2026.1890157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1890157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1890157","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1890157/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2594976040","display_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","issn_l":"2297-1769","issn":["2297-1769"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1890157/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113191641","display_name":"Kana MIYAMOTO","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57361664","display_name":"Azabu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wzjq897","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57361664"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kana Miyamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Human-Animal Interaction and Reciprocity, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Human-Animal Interaction and Reciprocity, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57361664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006455614","display_name":"Nanami Ono","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nanami Ono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gunma Animal College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gunma Animal College","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110409500","display_name":"Shinichiro Kondo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265000","display_name":"Tsubota Laboratory Incorporated (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jeq5x38","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405265000"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shinichiro Kondo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsubota Laboratory, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsubota Laboratory, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265000"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006804461","display_name":"Yukihiro Miwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5377-6772","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5377-6772"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265000","display_name":"Tsubota Laboratory Incorporated (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jeq5x38","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405265000"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yukihiro Miwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aichi Animal Eye Clinic","Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine","Tsubota Laboratory, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aichi Animal Eye Clinic","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsubota Laboratory, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265000"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000405522","display_name":"Kazuo Tsubota","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8874-7111","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8874-7111"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265000","display_name":"Tsubota Laboratory Incorporated (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jeq5x38","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405265000"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuo Tsubota","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine","Tsubota Laboratory, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsubota Laboratory, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265000"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158929473","display_name":"Makiko Ozawa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104946051","display_name":"Nihon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jk51a88","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104946051"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Makiko Ozawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Veterinary Nursing, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Veterinary Nursing, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104946051"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048987889","display_name":"Takefumi Kikusui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3134-5859","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3134-5859"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57361664","display_name":"Azabu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wzjq897","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57361664"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Takefumi Kikusui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Human-Animal Interaction and Reciprocity, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Human-Animal Interaction and Reciprocity, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57361664"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048987889"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57361664"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77913826,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"1890157","last_page":"1890157"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11214","display_name":"Human-Animal Interaction Studies","score":0.7348999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11214","display_name":"Human-Animal Interaction Studies","score":0.7348999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12249","display_name":"Veterinary Orthopedics and Neurology","score":0.04690000042319298,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11580","display_name":"Veterinary Medicine and Surgery","score":0.042399998754262924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canine-aging","display_name":"canine aging","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geriatric-dogs","display_name":"geriatric dogs","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-function","display_name":"cognitive function","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise","display_name":"physical activity","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phototherapy","display_name":"phototherapy","score":0.44200000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.5145000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986862347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11391","display_name":"Ultra violet","level":2,"score":0.4708999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.42329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020255362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747883","display_name":"Physical activity","level":2,"score":0.4138000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.3720000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017819807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332154","display_name":"Healthy aging","level":2,"score":0.34279999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987742019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11391","display_name":"Ultraviolet radiation","level":2,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118820876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4672283","display_name":"Accelerated aging","level":2,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984915365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141203","display_name":"Cognitive impairment","level":3,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111337013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2737837","display_name":"Irradiation","level":2,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017965124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929359","display_name":"Blue light","level":2,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984863031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Cognitive decline","level":4,"score":0.25270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500499127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332154","display_name":"Ageing","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fvets.2026.1890157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1890157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1890157","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1890157/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2594976040","display_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","issn_l":"2297-1769","issn":["2297-1769"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13720361","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13720361/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13720361/pdf/fvets-13-1890157.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Vet Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42964361","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42964361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in veterinary science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aa096e5c36154c0f9cafdd90c7f6fa08","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aa096e5c36154c0f9cafdd90c7f6fa08","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol 13 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fvets.2026.1890157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1890157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1890157","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1890157/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2594976040","display_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","issn_l":"2297-1769","issn":["2297-1769"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4923174039","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPJ005698","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321679","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321679","display_name":"Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/055tm7f07"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222436419.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222436419.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1911539818","https://openalex.org/W1943360151","https://openalex.org/W1977196761","https://openalex.org/W2076705414","https://openalex.org/W2080372016","https://openalex.org/W2088212559","https://openalex.org/W2108307256","https://openalex.org/W2121534377","https://openalex.org/W2121570154","https://openalex.org/W2161934862","https://openalex.org/W2291563861","https://openalex.org/W2566832827","https://openalex.org/W2592774827","https://openalex.org/W2734551891","https://openalex.org/W2919719446","https://openalex.org/W2933733617","https://openalex.org/W2979521371","https://openalex.org/W3010510189","https://openalex.org/W3082268778","https://openalex.org/W3112239883","https://openalex.org/W3118953141","https://openalex.org/W3164787226","https://openalex.org/W3186563928","https://openalex.org/W4293237977","https://openalex.org/W4306761085","https://openalex.org/W4367309026","https://openalex.org/W4367318473","https://openalex.org/W4381854600","https://openalex.org/W4386945945","https://openalex.org/W4387026931","https://openalex.org/W4390964068","https://openalex.org/W4395958827","https://openalex.org/W4406562741","https://openalex.org/W4406717494","https://openalex.org/W4407597160","https://openalex.org/W4408504596","https://openalex.org/W4409417735","https://openalex.org/W4411255351","https://openalex.org/W4414441598","https://openalex.org/W4415646891","https://openalex.org/W4416713413","https://openalex.org/W4416889462","https://openalex.org/W7202050484"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7120399898","https://openalex.org/W4385909769","https://openalex.org/W4388529161","https://openalex.org/W7015863067","https://openalex.org/W2752284815","https://openalex.org/W4393860855","https://openalex.org/W7132951310","https://openalex.org/W4320727855","https://openalex.org/W3042670668","https://openalex.org/W4401117184"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aging":[0],"in":[1,15,103,128,253,263,270],"dogs":[2,35,105,121,258],"is":[3],"known":[4],"to":[5,13,124],"induce":[6],"various":[7,312],"physical":[8,179,266],"and":[9,36,53,73,97,101,151,164,172,180,259],"brain":[10],"alterations":[11],"similar":[12],"dementia":[14],"humans.":[16],"Concurrently":[17],"with":[18,119,283],"the":[19,54,62,170,176,224,227],"recent":[20],"extension":[21],"of":[22,57,64,135,143,256,273,302],"canine":[23],"life":[24,65],"expectancy,":[25],"these":[26],"age-related":[27,87],"changes":[28],"have":[29],"imposed":[30],"growing":[31],"burdens":[32],"on":[33,60,78,196],"both":[34],"their":[37],"owners,":[38],"emerging":[39],"as":[40,70,106],"a":[41,91,107,129,144,188,246],"significant":[42,191,217],"social":[43],"issue.":[44],"However,":[45,245],"no":[46,190,216,278,293],"curative":[47],"treatment":[48],"has":[49,82],"yet":[50],"been":[51],"established,":[52],"current":[55],"mainstay":[56],"management":[58],"focuses":[59],"improving":[61],"quality":[63],"through":[66],"symptomatic":[67],"therapies,":[68],"such":[69,86],"environmental":[71],"modifications":[72],"pharmacotherapy.":[74],"This":[75,289],"study":[76,140,291],"focused":[77],"violet":[79,93,146,284],"light,":[80],"which":[81,136],"suggested":[83],"efficacy":[84,100],"against":[85],"changes.":[88],"We":[89],"developed":[90],"novel":[92],"light":[94,147,285],"irradiation":[95,286],"device":[96],"evaluated":[98],"its":[99],"safety":[102],"elderly":[104],"pilot":[108,290],"study.":[109],"An":[110],"intra-individual":[111],"comparison":[112],"using":[113,162,169],"an":[114,260],"ABA":[115],"design":[116,141],"was":[117,167,194,251],"employed":[118],"geriatric":[120],"aged":[122],"14":[123],"16":[125],"years":[126],"housed":[127],"senior":[130],"dog":[131],"care":[132],"facility":[133],"(two":[134],"discontinued":[137],"midway).":[138],"The":[139],"consisted":[142],"one-month":[145],"exposure":[148],"phase":[149],"preceded":[150],"followed":[152],"by":[153,185],"two-week":[154],"non-exposure":[155],"periods.":[156],"Physical":[157],"activity":[158,197,264],"levels":[159,198],"were":[160,183,220,287],"measured":[161],"accelerometers":[163],"cognitive":[165,249],"function":[166,267],"assessed":[168],"DISHAA":[171,225],"CCDR.":[173],"To":[174],"evaluate":[175],"safety,":[177,277],"general":[178],"ophthalmic":[181],"examinations":[182],"conducted":[184],"veterinarians.":[186],"As":[187],"result,":[189],"overall":[192,218,295],"effect":[193],"found":[195],"(Daytime:":[199],"x":[200,208,230,238],"2":[201,209,231,239],"=":[202,205,210,213,232,235,240,243],"4.22,":[203],"p":[204,212,234,242],"0.12;":[206],"Nighttime:":[207],"1.58,":[211],"0.45).":[214],"Similarly,":[215],"effects":[219],"observed":[221,252],"for":[222,311],"either":[223],"or":[226],"CCDR":[228],"(DISHAA:":[229],"1.60,":[233],"0.45;":[236],"CCDR:":[237],"1.56,":[241],"0.46).":[244],"trend":[247,262],"toward":[248],"improvement":[250],"six":[254],"out":[255,272],"seven":[257,274],"upward":[261],"levels-indicating":[265],"improvement-was":[268],"noted":[269],"two":[271],"dogs.":[275],"Regarding":[276],"overt":[279],"clinical":[280],"abnormalities":[281],"associated":[282],"identified.":[288],"demonstrated":[292],"clear":[294],"effect,":[296],"though":[297],"some":[298],"individuals":[299],"showed":[300],"signs":[301],"improvement.":[303],"Future":[304],"research":[305],"should":[306],"consider":[307],"large-scale":[308],"trials":[309],"controlling":[310],"variables.":[313]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00"}
