{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7222245116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1899763","title":"Research attitudes through the COVID-19 pandemic","display_name":"Research attitudes through the COVID-19 pandemic","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7222245116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1899763","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42959262","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13716716"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1899763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1899763","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1899763","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1899763/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1899763/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158830512","display_name":"Sarah K. Schlund","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sarah K. Schlund","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052081124","display_name":"Dan K. Hoang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8808-2236","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8808-2236"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan K. Hoang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Irvine Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Irvine Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076166508","display_name":"Amy Kind","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7183-610X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7183-610X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amy J. H. Kind","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Health Disparities Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health","Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Health Disparities Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059549486","display_name":"Joshua D. Grill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4215-7589","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4215-7589"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua D. Grill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine","Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine","Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California, Irvine","Irvine Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California, Irvine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Irvine Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066963436","display_name":"Daniel L. Gillen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-1771","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-1771"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel L. Gillen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine","Irvine Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Irvine Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5158830512"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80263867,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"1899763","last_page":"1899763"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12168","display_name":"Health and Medical Research Impacts","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10833","display_name":"Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-engagement-in-research","display_name":"public engagement in research","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-approval","display_name":"vaccine approval","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic-phases","display_name":"pandemic phases","score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-participation","display_name":"research participation","score":0.4099999964237213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.7257000207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.6865000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5824000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.5777999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.4867999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.474700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777895361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758614","display_name":"Longitudinal study","level":2,"score":0.4406999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.42410001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4154999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.3634999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65067816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295139","display_name":"Computer-assisted web interviewing","level":2,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3006700255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","level":3,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780877353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518253","display_name":"Health services research","level":3,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020672099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Longitudinal data","level":2,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019869117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42240","display_name":"Original research","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776361769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q821775","display_name":"Public health surveillance","level":3,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002140","descriptor_name":"California","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012042","descriptor_name":"Registries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1899763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1899763","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1899763","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1899763/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13716716","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13716716/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13716716/pdf/fpubh-14-1899763.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42959262","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42959262","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3e3b51b0f54847bda9e01b0220c2b2aa","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3e3b51b0f54847bda9e01b0220c2b2aa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health, Vol 14 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1899763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1899763","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1899763","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1899763/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5352610674","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TR004927","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","funder_display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332688","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222245116.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7222245116.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974075394","https://openalex.org/W2068938228","https://openalex.org/W2108818539","https://openalex.org/W2109480635","https://openalex.org/W2162325100","https://openalex.org/W2172734278","https://openalex.org/W2212634560","https://openalex.org/W2275737843","https://openalex.org/W2802627663","https://openalex.org/W2810551427","https://openalex.org/W3028146832","https://openalex.org/W3119228205","https://openalex.org/W3135532508","https://openalex.org/W3142451855","https://openalex.org/W3159114294","https://openalex.org/W3159608898","https://openalex.org/W3198065655","https://openalex.org/W3200361816","https://openalex.org/W3206851404","https://openalex.org/W3210788891","https://openalex.org/W4206592257","https://openalex.org/W4224259542","https://openalex.org/W4281693033","https://openalex.org/W4297963196","https://openalex.org/W4306178591","https://openalex.org/W4309884711","https://openalex.org/W4322500921","https://openalex.org/W4366995968","https://openalex.org/W4387765680","https://openalex.org/W4401180730","https://openalex.org/W4403114441","https://openalex.org/W4406409604","https://openalex.org/W4412807819"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416717838","https://openalex.org/W7203677443","https://openalex.org/W3196539629","https://openalex.org/W3126785762","https://openalex.org/W4399164531","https://openalex.org/W7207371361","https://openalex.org/W4403378676","https://openalex.org/W4205807084","https://openalex.org/W4395475266","https://openalex.org/W4366082721"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"Identifying":[1],"the":[2,48,60,85,213,234,269],"factors":[3],"that":[4,261],"influence":[5],"attitudes":[6,40,81,274],"toward":[7,41,275],"biomedical":[8,42],"research":[9,43],"is":[10],"essential":[11],"for":[12],"improving":[13],"public":[14,29],"engagement":[15],"and":[16,77,94,103,139,163,182,233],"participation.":[17],"The":[18],"COVID-19":[19,49,112,136,270],"pandemic":[20],"offers":[21],"a":[22,28,108,116,196,237],"unique":[23],"opportunity":[24],"to":[25,131,135,155,255],"assess":[26],"how":[27],"health":[30],"crisis":[31],"shapes":[32],"perceptions":[33],"of":[34,47,170,195,236,263],"clinical":[35],"research.":[36,276],"We":[37,52],"investigated":[38],"whether":[39],"differed":[44],"across":[45],"phases":[46],"pandemic.":[50],"Methods":[51],"analyzed":[53,99],"data":[54],"from":[55],"5,098":[56,171],"adults":[57,172],"enrolled":[58,159],"in":[59,71,244],"UC":[61],"Irvine":[62],"Consent-to-Contact":[63],"(C2C)":[64],"registry,":[65],"an":[66],"online":[67],"voluntary":[68],"recruitment":[69],"registry":[70],"Southern":[72],"California,":[73],"between":[74],"June":[75],"2016":[76],"August":[78],"2025.":[79],"Research":[80,88],"were":[82,98,114,153,241],"assessed":[83],"with":[84,105,202],"validated":[86],"7-item":[87],"Attitudes":[89],"Questionnaire":[90],"(RAQ)":[91],"at":[92],"enrollment":[93],"annually":[95],"thereafter.":[96],"Scores":[97],"continuously":[100],"(7":[101],"-35)":[102],"dichotomously,":[104],">28":[106],"defined":[107,115],"priori":[109,117],"as":[110,268],"high.":[111],"periods":[113],"as:":[118],"P1":[119,203,224],"(before":[120],"March":[121,161],"13,":[122],"2020\u2014the":[123],"U.S.":[124],"national":[125],"emergency":[126],"declaration),":[127],"P2":[128,190,222,245],"(March":[129],"13":[130],"December":[132,142],"11,":[133,143],"2020\u2014prior":[134],"vaccine":[137],"approval),":[138],"P3":[140],"(after":[141],"2020\u2014post-vaccine":[144],"approval).":[145],"Cross-sectional":[146],"analyses":[147,152],"included":[148],"all":[149],"participants;":[150],"longitudinal":[151],"limited":[154],"1,388":[156],"participants":[157],"who":[158],"before":[160],"2020":[162],"had":[164,191],"\u22653":[165],"assessments.":[166],"Results":[167],"Our":[168],"sample":[169],"was":[173,218],"predominantly":[174],"non-Hispanic":[175],"White":[176],"(70.2%),":[177],"female":[178],"(65.7%),":[179],"highly":[180],"educated,":[181],"over":[183],"age":[184],"50":[185],"(66.7%).":[186],"Participants":[187],"enrolling":[188],"during":[189,221],"60%":[192],"higher":[193,220,243],"odds":[194,235],"high":[197,238],"RAQ":[198,216,239],"score":[199,217,240],"(>28)":[200],"compared":[201,254],"(aOR":[204,246],"1.60;":[205],"95%":[206,227,248],"CI:":[207,228,249],"1.07,":[208],"2.40;":[209],"p":[210,231,252],"=0.022).":[211],"Longitudinally,":[212],"mean":[214],"within-subject":[215],"significantly":[219],"versus":[223],"(Est.":[225],"0.37;":[226],"0.08,":[229],"0.66;":[230],"=0.011),":[232],"24%":[242],"1.24;":[247],"1.09,":[250],"1.39;":[251],"<0.001)":[253],"P1.":[256],"Discussion":[257],"These":[258],"findings":[259],"suggest":[260],"awareness":[262],"urgent":[264],"medical":[265],"issues,":[266],"such":[267],"pandemic,":[271],"may":[272],"affect":[273]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00"}
