{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7222155195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2026.113306","title":"Tests, numerical simulations and design analyses of eccentrically-compressed cold-formed thin-walled steel equal-leg angle columns","display_name":"Tests, numerical simulations and design analyses of eccentrically-compressed cold-formed thin-walled steel equal-leg angle columns","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7222155195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2026.113306"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.istruc.2026.113306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2026.113306","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2026.113306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898442875","display_name":"Structures","issn_l":"2352-0124","issn":["2352-0124"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Structures","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2026.113306","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059936533","display_name":"\u59da\u5174\u53cb","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141103825","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/00avfj807","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141103825"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117772","display_name":"Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Water Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dnmrq53","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117772"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"YAO Xingyou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Structural Safety for Hydraulic and Hydropower Engineering, Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Nanchang, 330099, China","School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Nanchang, 330099, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Structural Safety for Hydraulic and Hydropower Engineering, Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Nanchang, 330099, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117772"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Nanchang, 330099, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141103825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158808638","display_name":"ZUO Wenbin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141103825","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/00avfj807","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141103825"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ZUO Wenbin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Nanchang, 330099, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Nanchang, 330099, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141103825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020372079","display_name":"Yanli Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7995-8320","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7995-8320"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141103825","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/00avfj807","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141103825"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"GUO yanli","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Nanchang, 330099, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Nanchang, 330099, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141103825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158786027","display_name":"Liu Hao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141103825","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/00avfj807","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141103825"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Nanchang, 330099, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Nanchang, 330099, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141103825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158771097","display_name":"Liu Yan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141103825","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/00avfj807","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141103825"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Nanchang, 330099, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Nanchang, 330099, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141103825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158814586","display_name":"Wu FuWei","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4510145","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0t9252","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu FuWei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering and Surveying&Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Surveying&Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007960507","display_name":"Tan Zheng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099405","display_name":"Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04v2j2k71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tan Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130411122","display_name":"Hengli Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2247-0532","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2247-0532"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141103825","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/00avfj807","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141103825"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"CAI Hengli","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Nanchang, 330099, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Nanchang, 330099, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141103825"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020372079"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141103825"],"apc_list":{"value":3510,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3510},"apc_paid":{"value":3510,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3510},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80998804,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"94","issue":null,"first_page":"113306","last_page":"113306"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10713","display_name":"Structural Load-Bearing Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10713","display_name":"Structural Load-Bearing Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12086","display_name":"Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10479","display_name":"Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-formed-steel","display_name":"cold-formed steel","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thin-walled-steel","display_name":"thin-walled steel","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eccentric-compression","display_name":"eccentric compression","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/column-design","display_name":"column design","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/numerical-simulation","display_name":"numerical simulation","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-testing","display_name":"structural testing","score":0.4020000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5566999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5285000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.3305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500300565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925667","display_name":"Computer simulation","level":2,"score":0.32420000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986605239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925667","display_name":"Numerical models","level":3,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48753275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11216","display_name":"Numerical analysis","level":2,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780551164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2306599","display_name":"Column (typography)","level":3,"score":0.24400000274181366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.istruc.2026.113306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2026.113306","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2026.113306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898442875","display_name":"Structures","issn_l":"2352-0124","issn":["2352-0124"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Structures","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.istruc.2026.113306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2026.113306","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2026.113306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898442875","display_name":"Structures","issn_l":"2352-0124","issn":["2352-0124"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Structures","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322665","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998462651","https://openalex.org/W2014490158","https://openalex.org/W2023482142","https://openalex.org/W2026235660","https://openalex.org/W2032115509","https://openalex.org/W2799665674","https://openalex.org/W2902867244","https://openalex.org/W2913166852","https://openalex.org/W3047759970","https://openalex.org/W3078164314","https://openalex.org/W3107837650","https://openalex.org/W3108774167","https://openalex.org/W3121250840","https://openalex.org/W3198545185","https://openalex.org/W4210612176","https://openalex.org/W4214648953","https://openalex.org/W4412060195","https://openalex.org/W4415612483"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"investigate":[1],"the":[2,38,56,63,73,87,97,112,119,124,149,153,162,174,186,192],"buckling":[3,81,85],"behavior":[4],"and":[5,30,82,100,138,152,155,173,194,207],"design":[6,188],"method":[7],"of":[8,41,50,79,126],"eccentrically":[9,61,71],"compressed":[10],"cold-formed":[11],"thin-walled":[12],"steel":[13],"equal-leg":[14],"angle(CFTWSELA)":[15],"columns,":[16],"an":[17],"experimental":[18,105,206],"study":[19,110],"was":[20,130,171,182],"conducted":[21],"on":[22,144,191],"36":[23],"specimens":[24,59,69],"with":[25,77,104,123,135],"different":[26],"cross-sections,":[27],"slenderness":[28,137],"ratios,":[29],"width-to-thickness":[31,140],"ratios.":[32,141],"The":[33,90,142,198],"test":[34,154],"results":[35,151,159],"indicated":[36,160],"that":[37,118,161],"load-carrying":[39],"capacities":[40,67,147],"CFTWSELAs":[42,51],"under":[43,52],"eccentric":[44],"compression":[45],"were":[46,94],"lower":[47,136],"than":[48,68],"those":[49],"axial":[53],"compression.":[54],"For":[55],"same":[57],"eccentricities,":[58],"loaded":[60,70],"toward":[62,72],"heel":[64],"demonstrated":[65],"higher":[66,139],"toe.":[74],"Specimens":[75],"failed":[76],"interaction":[78],"local":[80],"global":[83],"flexural":[84],"about":[86],"minor":[88],"axis.":[89],"finite":[91,114,156],"element":[92,115,157],"models":[93],"validated":[95,113],"against":[96,205],"performed":[98],"experiments":[99],"showed":[101],"good":[102],"agreement":[103],"results.":[106],"A":[107],"subsequent":[108],"parametric":[109],"using":[111],"model":[116],"revealed":[117],"ultimate":[120],"capacity":[121],"decreases":[122],"increasing":[125],"eccentricity.":[127],"This":[128],"effect":[129],"more":[131],"pronounced":[132],"for":[133],"members":[134],"comparison":[143],"load-":[145],"carrying":[146],"between":[148],"predicted":[150],"analysis":[158],"Direct":[163],"Strength":[164],"Method":[165,177],"(DSM)":[166],"in":[167,179],"North":[168],"American":[169],"Specification":[170],"unconservative":[172],"Effective":[175],"Width":[176],"(EWM)":[178],"Chinese":[180],"code":[181],"overly":[183],"conservative.":[184],"Consequently,":[185],"modified":[187],"formulas":[189],"based":[190],"DSM":[193],"EWM":[195],"are":[196],"proposed.":[197],"proposed":[199],"methods":[200],"provided":[201],"reliable":[202],"predictions":[203],"compared":[204],"numerical":[208],"data.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-17T09:40:24.721904","created_date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00"}