{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7221820022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1967577","title":"Machine learning-based risk prediction for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in non-neutropenic intensive care unit patients, with an exploratory analysis of pathogen-related risk factors","display_name":"Machine learning-based risk prediction for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in non-neutropenic intensive care unit patients, with an exploratory analysis of pathogen-related risk factors","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7221820022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1967577","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42952730","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13713394"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcimb.2026.1967577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1967577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1967577","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1967577/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2506667490","display_name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","issn_l":"2235-2988","issn":["2235-2988"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1967577/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158753663","display_name":"Jijia Bai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139449","display_name":"Ningxia Medical University General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/049dkqr57","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139449"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jijia Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139449"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158742864","display_name":"Tao Feng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Third People\u2019s Hospital of Ningxia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Third People\u2019s Hospital of Ningxia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054896161","display_name":"Bofei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4417-3694","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4417-3694"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164393","display_name":"The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region","ror":"https://ror.org/05kjn8d41","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164393"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bofei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Fourth People\u2019s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Fourth People\u2019s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164393"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027602195","display_name":"\u738b\u91d1\u71d5","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164393","display_name":"The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region","ror":"https://ror.org/05kjn8d41","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164393"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinyan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Fourth People\u2019s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Fourth People\u2019s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164393"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125753875","display_name":"Zhifeng Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhifeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Third People\u2019s Hospital of Ningxia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Third People\u2019s Hospital of Ningxia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124225797","display_name":"Furui Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127460","display_name":"Ningxia Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02h8a1848","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Furui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The First School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The First School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158735431","display_name":"Jinyuan Zhu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139449","display_name":"Ningxia Medical University General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/049dkqr57","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139449"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinyuan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139449"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5158735431"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139449"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78692265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"1967577","last_page":"1967577"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10150","display_name":"Antifungal resistance and susceptibility","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10150","display_name":"Antifungal resistance and susceptibility","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11681","display_name":"Nosocomial Infections in ICU","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12172","display_name":"Neutropenia and Cancer Infections","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invasive-pulmonary-aspergillosis","display_name":"invasive pulmonary aspergillosis","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-neutropenic-patients","display_name":"non-neutropenic patients","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-unit-patients","display_name":"intensive care unit patients","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-prediction","display_name":"risk prediction","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corticosteroid-exposure","display_name":"corticosteroid exposure","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudomonas-aeruginosa","display_name":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gram-negative-bacilli","display_name":"Gram-negative bacilli","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoxemia","display_name":"hypoxemia","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lymphopenia","display_name":"lymphopenia","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organ-failure","display_name":"organ failure","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"random forest","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shap","display_name":"SHAP","score":0.7749999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250160","display_name":"Propensity score matching","level":2,"score":0.6345999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776376669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5094647","display_name":"Intensive care unit","level":2,"score":0.5687000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.4848000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.4641999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.438400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.4237000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4174000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777914695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12192","display_name":"Pneumonia","level":2,"score":0.3880999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776780178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199804","display_name":"COPD","level":2,"score":0.3693999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777080012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766250","display_name":"Mechanical ventilation","level":2,"score":0.3671000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168743327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1826427","display_name":"Random effects model","level":3,"score":0.3287999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777184939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7920253","display_name":"Ventilator-associated pneumonia","level":3,"score":0.32749998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.32510000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30036603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17125150","display_name":"Severity of illness","level":2,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776345407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3776920","display_name":"Bacterial pneumonia","level":3,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777465075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7392039","display_name":"SOFA score","level":3,"score":0.3142000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776301714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259346","display_name":"Sputum","level":3,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777637488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31856","display_name":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa","level":3,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987404301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care","level":2,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187960798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631152","display_name":"Subgroup analysis","level":3,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11783203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5478027","display_name":"Framingham Risk Score","level":3,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10936531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786600","display_name":"Procalcitonin","level":3,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991923583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545991","display_name":"Artificial respiration","level":2,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776102371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460030","display_name":"Community-acquired pneumonia","level":3,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43346845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8057732","display_name":"Youden's J statistic","level":3,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776779939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1479485","display_name":"Hypoxemia","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780724011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295316","display_name":"Emergency department","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776040555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19903321","display_name":"Antimicrobial stewardship","level":4,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.25209999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198433322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3910099","display_name":"Predictive value of tests","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778314733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6639737","display_name":"Pneumonia severity index","level":4,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000093743","descriptor_name":"Random Forest","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098412","descriptor_name":"Predictive Learning Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000305","descriptor_name":"Adrenal Cortex Hormones","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007362","descriptor_name":"Intensive Care Units","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011550","descriptor_name":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055744","descriptor_name":"Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055744","descriptor_name":"Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055744","descriptor_name":"Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcimb.2026.1967577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1967577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1967577","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1967577/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2506667490","display_name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","issn_l":"2235-2988","issn":["2235-2988"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13713394","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13713394/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13713394/pdf/fcimb-16-1967577.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42952730","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42952730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4ad0a6b4b14e4f2883cefd2017a34a47","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4ad0a6b4b14e4f2883cefd2017a34a47","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Vol 16 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fcimb.2026.1967577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1967577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1967577","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1967577/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2506667490","display_name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","issn_l":"2235-2988","issn":["2235-2988"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221820022.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221820022.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1911767807","https://openalex.org/W1994919873","https://openalex.org/W2013887545","https://openalex.org/W2017138972","https://openalex.org/W2024871061","https://openalex.org/W2027799350","https://openalex.org/W2143691385","https://openalex.org/W2158272308","https://openalex.org/W2161510674","https://openalex.org/W2166734004","https://openalex.org/W2167423543","https://openalex.org/W2470291098","https://openalex.org/W2479390869","https://openalex.org/W2565410782","https://openalex.org/W2603363139","https://openalex.org/W2765253127","https://openalex.org/W2777524686","https://openalex.org/W2793884909","https://openalex.org/W2804356890","https://openalex.org/W2980029234","https://openalex.org/W2992250822","https://openalex.org/W3012868903","https://openalex.org/W3080640676","https://openalex.org/W4220847504","https://openalex.org/W4321595586","https://openalex.org/W4393055273","https://openalex.org/W4394857110","https://openalex.org/W4401435370","https://openalex.org/W4401810593","https://openalex.org/W4410845722","https://openalex.org/W4411041500","https://openalex.org/W4415138967","https://openalex.org/W7127924745"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7126078124","https://openalex.org/W7127924745","https://openalex.org/W7202295435","https://openalex.org/W6981069677","https://openalex.org/W4410589831","https://openalex.org/W7161600821","https://openalex.org/W7205017152","https://openalex.org/W7204719576","https://openalex.org/W4406768354","https://openalex.org/W3088219591"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Invasive":[1],"pulmonary":[2,49],"aspergillosis":[3],"(IPA)":[4],"is":[5,269],"increasingly":[6],"recognized":[7],"in":[8,55,91,265,316],"non-neutropenic":[9,45,266],"patients,":[10],"but":[11,217],"validated":[12,90,299],"bedside":[13,128],"risk":[14,264,311],"stratification":[15,312],"tools":[16],"remain":[17],"scarce.":[18],"We":[19],"developed":[20],"a":[21,235,293,303],"machine":[22],"learning":[23],"model":[24,87,140],"to":[25,122,307],"predict":[26],"IPA":[27,200,263],"and":[28,60,70,112,180,258,313],"tested":[29],"whether":[30],"corticosteroid":[31,278,283],"effect":[32],"depends":[33],"on":[34],"bacterial":[35,204,273,286],"co-pathogen.":[36],"Methods":[37],"This":[38],"multicenter":[39],"retrospective":[40],"cohort":[41,65],"study":[42],"enrolled":[43],"837":[44],"adults":[46],"hospitalized":[47],"with":[48,78,116,199,209,221],"infections":[50],"across":[51,151,285],"three":[52],"tertiary":[53],"hospitals":[54],"China":[56],"between":[57],"December":[58,61],"2020":[59],"2025.":[62],"The":[63,85,137,243,281,297],"discovery":[64],"was":[66,88,97,130],"split":[67],"into":[68],"training":[69],"internal":[71],"validation":[72,143],"sets.":[73],"Four":[74],"classifiers":[75],"were":[76,107],"compared,":[77],"Random":[79,138],"Forest":[80,139],"selected":[81],"for":[82,231],"optimal":[83],"performance.":[84],"final":[86],"externally":[89,298],"an":[92],"independent":[93],"cohort.":[94],"Feature":[95],"importance":[96],"assessed":[98],"using":[99,109],"SHAP":[100],"(SHapley":[101],"Additive":[102],"exPlanations)":[103],"analysis.":[104],"Corticosteroid-bacteria":[105],"interactions":[106],"examined":[108],"subgroup":[110],"analyses":[111],"propensity":[113,241],"score":[114,129,245,301],"matching,":[115],"the":[117,133,192,289,317],"synergy":[118],"index":[119],"S":[120],"calculated":[121],"quantify":[123],"biological":[124],"interaction.":[125],"A":[126],"simplified":[127],"derived":[131,246],"from":[132,247],"top-ranking":[134],"predictors.":[135,195],"Results":[136],"achieved":[141],"external":[142],"AUC":[144],"of":[145,252,292],"0.865.":[146],"Six":[147],"predictors":[148,249],"consistently":[149],"dominated":[150],"all":[152],"assessments:":[153],"Pseudomonas":[154],"aeruginosa":[155,211],"isolation,":[156],"hypoxemia":[157],"(PaO":[158],"2":[159,161],"/FiO":[160],"<200":[162],"mmHg),":[163],"diabetes":[164],"mellitus,":[165],"organ":[166],"failure":[167],"(Sequential":[168],"Organ":[169],"Failure":[170],"Assessment,":[171],"SOFA":[172],">5),":[173],"lymphopenia":[174],"(lymphocyte":[175],"count":[176],"<0.8\u00d710":[177],"9":[178],"/L),":[179],"ICU":[181,267],"(intensive":[182],"care":[183],"unit)":[184],"admission.":[185],"Corticosteroid":[186],"exposure":[187,279],"did":[188],"not":[189],"rank":[190],"among":[191],"top":[193],"six":[194],"However,":[196],"its":[197],"association":[198],"diverged":[201],"sharply":[202],"by":[203,272,277],"context:":[205],"OR":[206,218],"below":[207],"1":[208,220],"P.":[210],"(OR":[212,225],"0.52,":[213],"95%":[214,227],"CI":[215,228],"0.214\u20131.283)":[216],"above":[219],"other":[222],"Gram-negative":[223],"bacilli":[224],"2.17,":[226],"0.722\u20136.535);":[229],"P":[230],"interaction":[232],"=":[233],"0.131;":[234],"directional":[236],"pattern":[237],"that":[238],"persisted":[239],"after":[240],"matching.":[242],"six-variable":[244,300],"these":[248],"showed":[250],"AUCs":[251],"0.869":[253],"(training),":[254],"0.774":[255],"(internal":[256],"validation),":[257],"0.719":[259],"(external":[260],"validation).":[261],"Conclusions":[262],"patients":[268],"shaped":[270],"more":[271],"co-pathogen":[274],"context":[275],"than":[276],"alone.":[280],"divergent":[282],"effects":[284],"species":[287],"challenge":[288],"conventional":[290],"assumption":[291],"uniform":[294],"steroid-associated":[295],"risk.":[296],"offers":[302],"practical,":[304],"software-free":[305],"tool":[306],"support":[308],"pathogen-informed,":[309],"individualized":[310],"clinical":[314],"decision-making":[315],"ICU.":[318]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00"}