{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7221817686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.16194","title":"Detectability of 21-cm Power Spectra from the Epoch of Reionization using Modern Radio Telescopes","display_name":"Detectability of 21-cm Power Spectra from the Epoch of Reionization using Modern Radio Telescopes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7221817686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.16194"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.16194","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.16194","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.16194","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.16194","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158769655","display_name":"Ali Bagheri Koochaksaraei","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80543232","display_name":"K. N. Toosi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0433abe34","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80543232"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koochaksaraei, Ali Bagheri","raw_affiliation_strings":[") Department of Physics , K. N. Toosi University of Technology , P. O. Box 15875 -4416 , Tehran , Iran",") PDAT Laboratory , Department of Physics , K. N. Toosi University of Technology , P.O. Box 15875 -4416 , Tehran , Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":") Department of Physics , K. N. Toosi University of Technology , P. O. Box 15875 -4416 , Tehran , Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80543232"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":") PDAT Laboratory , Department of Physics , K. N. Toosi University of Technology , P.O. Box 15875 -4416 , Tehran , Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80543232"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158762908","display_name":"Lily Mobahat","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80543232","display_name":"K. N. Toosi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0433abe34","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80543232"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mobahat, Lily","raw_affiliation_strings":[") Department of Electrical Engineering , K. N. Toosi University of Technology , P. O. Box 15875 -4416 , Tehran , Iran",") PDAT Laboratory , Department of Physics , K. N. Toosi University of Technology , P.O. Box 15875 -4416 , Tehran , Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":") Department of Electrical Engineering , K. N. Toosi University of Technology , P. O. Box 15875 -4416 , Tehran , Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80543232"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":") PDAT Laboratory , Department of Physics , K. N. Toosi University of Technology , P.O. Box 15875 -4416 , Tehran , Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80543232"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158739317","display_name":"Sara Gholamhosseinian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100633361","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Dartmouth","ror":"https://ror.org/00fzmm222","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100633361"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80543232","display_name":"K. N. Toosi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0433abe34","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80543232"]}],"countries":["IR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gholamhosseinian, Sara","raw_affiliation_strings":[") Department of Physics , University of Massachusetts Dartmouth , 285 Old Westport Road , Dartmouth , MA 02747-2300 , USA",") PDAT Laboratory , Department of Physics , K. N. Toosi University of Technology , P.O. Box 15875 -4416 , Tehran , Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":") Department of Physics , University of Massachusetts Dartmouth , 285 Old Westport Road , Dartmouth , MA 02747-2300 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100633361"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":") PDAT Laboratory , Department of Physics , K. N. Toosi University of Technology , P.O. Box 15875 -4416 , Tehran , Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80543232"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070581935","display_name":"Javad T. Firouzjaee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-3429","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-3429"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80543232","display_name":"K. N. Toosi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0433abe34","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80543232"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Firouzjaee, Javad T.","raw_affiliation_strings":[") Department of Physics , K. N. Toosi University of Technology , P. O. Box 15875 -4416 , Tehran , Iran",") PDAT Laboratory , Department of Physics , K. N. Toosi University of Technology , P.O. Box 15875 -4416 , Tehran , Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":") Department of Physics , K. N. Toosi University of Technology , P. O. Box 15875 -4416 , Tehran , Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80543232"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":") PDAT Laboratory , Department of Physics , K. N. Toosi University of Technology , P.O. Box 15875 -4416 , Tehran , Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80543232"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12450","display_name":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12450","display_name":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10477","display_name":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/21-cm-power-spectrum","display_name":"21-cm power spectrum","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmic-reionization","display_name":"cosmic reionization","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intergalactic-medium-thermal-history","display_name":"intergalactic medium thermal history","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x-ray-emissivity","display_name":"X-ray emissivity","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-telescope-sensitivity","display_name":"radio telescope sensitivity","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-noise","display_name":"thermal noise","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hera","display_name":"HERA","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-ablation","display_name":"microwave ablation","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/giant-metrewave-radio-telescope","display_name":"GMRT","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lofar","display_name":"LOFAR","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detectability","display_name":"detectability","score":0.5299999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69672822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1670901","display_name":"Reionization","level":4,"score":0.8924999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.7886999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780317896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2703","display_name":"Epoch (astronomy)","level":3,"score":0.7364000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.6276000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780590096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104528246","display_name":"LOFAR","level":3,"score":0.5917999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26405456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338","display_name":"Cosmology","level":2,"score":0.5688999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5525000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168110828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331626","display_name":"Spectral density","level":2,"score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.49070000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174576160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1183700","display_name":"Deconvolution","level":2,"score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161813005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184356","display_name":"Radio telescope","level":2,"score":0.4242999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53802167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4538627","display_name":"Brightness temperature","level":3,"score":0.4140999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779919027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62832","display_name":"Observatory","level":2,"score":0.38449999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.3702000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993745857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4169","display_name":"Intergalactic medium","level":4,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779337418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217192","display_name":"Dark Ages","level":5,"score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33024259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76250","display_name":"Redshift","level":3,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163651212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899670","display_name":"Emissivity","level":2,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59375849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013513","display_name":"COSMIC cancer database","level":2,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150143219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4306","display_name":"Radio astronomy","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62796785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12902765","display_name":"Cosmic background radiation","level":4,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.16194","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.16194","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.16194","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2610.16194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.16194","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.16194","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.16194","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.16194","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.16194","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321157","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322243","display_name":"Iran National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03sr1ma14"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221817686.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221817686.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1787239062","https://openalex.org/W1973132317","https://openalex.org/W1987071606","https://openalex.org/W2007189953","https://openalex.org/W2030141142","https://openalex.org/W2283925298","https://openalex.org/W2951911578","https://openalex.org/W2953236058","https://openalex.org/W2963045701","https://openalex.org/W2998553701","https://openalex.org/W3033123278","https://openalex.org/W3107804389","https://openalex.org/W3205123157","https://openalex.org/W4225435558","https://openalex.org/W4311539451","https://openalex.org/W4317566790","https://openalex.org/W4386043837","https://openalex.org/W4394768188","https://openalex.org/W4398250027"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2170263156","https://openalex.org/W4413761175","https://openalex.org/W2731231052","https://openalex.org/W7098568632","https://openalex.org/W4394973017","https://openalex.org/W2133593080","https://openalex.org/W6944109902","https://openalex.org/W2562103247","https://openalex.org/W2501533194","https://openalex.org/W2279203718"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0,61],"of":[1,12,22,29,67,91,103,116,123,149,176],"the":[2,10,19,23,27,65,70,78,84,89,109,144,150,172],"unsolved":[3],"questions":[4],"in":[5,120],"astrophysics":[6],"and":[7,53,83,108,137,146],"cosmology":[8],"is":[9,69],"development":[11],"a":[13,157],"robust":[14],"physical":[15],"model":[16],"to":[17,142],"explain":[18],"thermal":[20,147],"history":[21],"intergalactic":[24],"medium":[25],"during":[26,88],"epoch":[28,66,90],"reionization.":[30,92],"Various":[31],"astrophysical":[32,101],"models":[33,39,97,122,169],"have":[34,139],"been":[35,140],"proposed,":[36],"but":[37],"current":[38,177],"remain":[40],"only":[41],"partially":[42],"constrained":[43],"by":[44],"available":[45],"observations.":[46],"To":[47],"clarify":[48],"this":[49,59,124,127],"ambiguity,":[50],"hydrodynamical,":[51],"semi-numerical,":[52],"N-body":[54],"simulations":[55],"can":[56],"help":[57],"solve":[58],"issue.":[60],"notable":[62],"simulation":[63,94],"from":[64],"reionization":[68],"21SSD":[71],"simulations,":[72],"which":[73,165,168],"provide":[74],"high-resolution":[75],"results":[76],"for":[77],"global":[79],"21-cm":[80,85,151],"brightness":[81],"temperature":[82],"power":[86,152],"spectrum":[87],"The":[93],"includes":[95],"45":[96],"spanning":[98],"three":[99],"key":[100],"parameters":[102,118],"X-ray":[104,110],"emissivity,":[105,107],"Lyman-band":[106],"hard-to-soft":[111],"emissivity":[112],"ratio.":[113],"Distinct":[114],"values":[115],"these":[117],"result":[119],"different":[121],"simulation.":[125],"In":[126],"work,":[128],"four":[129],"active":[130],"radio":[131],"observatories,":[132],"including":[133],"HERA,":[134],"MWA,":[135],"GMRT,":[136],"LOFAR":[138],"considered":[141],"investigate":[143],"sensitivity":[145,159,174],"noise":[148],"spectrum.":[153],"Each":[154],"observatory":[155],"has":[156],"particular":[158],"based":[160],"on":[161],"its":[162],"instrumental":[163],"characteristics,":[164],"helps":[166],"assess":[167],"lie":[170],"above":[171],"forecast":[173],"thresholds":[175],"instruments.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00"}
