{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7221817085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1781766","title":"Effects of twelve-week inspiratory muscle vs. plyometric training on pulmonary function and pupillary light reflex in youth middle-distance runners\u2014a three-arm randomized controlled trial","display_name":"Effects of twelve-week inspiratory muscle vs. plyometric training on pulmonary function and pupillary light reflex in youth middle-distance runners\u2014a three-arm randomized controlled trial","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7221817085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1781766","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42952497","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13713271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphys.2026.1781766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1781766","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1781766","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1781766/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52732750","display_name":"Frontiers in Physiology","issn_l":"1664-042X","issn":["1664-042X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1781766/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061749329","display_name":"Wilson Vinu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6745-9893","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6745-9893"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175691731","display_name":"Pondicherry University","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3mef16","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175691731"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vinu W.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Education & Sports, Pondicherry University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Education & Sports, Pondicherry University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175691731"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065769861","display_name":"Tejaswi Josyula","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3279-9724","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3279-9724","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4623-1623"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I244572783","display_name":"Symbiosis International University","ror":"https://ror.org/005r2ww51","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josyula Tejaswi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Symbiosis School of Sports Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Symbiosis School of Sports Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065128924","display_name":"Dilshith Azeezul Kabeer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3317-1167","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3317-1167"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175691731","display_name":"Pondicherry University","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3mef16","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175691731"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dilshith Azeezul Kabeer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Education & Sports, Pondicherry University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Education & Sports, Pondicherry University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175691731"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015675394","display_name":"Debajit Karmakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9272-0627","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9272-0627"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324220350","display_name":"Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education","ror":"https://ror.org/0272csn50","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324220350"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debajit Karmakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Education Pedagogy, Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Education Pedagogy, Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324220350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158689981","display_name":"Ibnu Noufal Kambitta Valappil","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175691731","display_name":"Pondicherry University","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3mef16","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175691731"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibnu Noufal Kambitta Valappil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Education & Sports, Pondicherry University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Education & Sports, Pondicherry University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175691731"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071318156","display_name":"Koulla Parpa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1139-7731","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1139-7731"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34771391","display_name":"University of Cyprus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qjrjx09","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108889","display_name":"University of Central Lancashire Cyprus","ror":"https://ror.org/020ps3a34","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185852735","https://openalex.org/I4210108889"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koulla Parpa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Sport and Exercise Science, UCLan University of Cyprus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Sport and Exercise Science, UCLan University of Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391","https://openalex.org/I4210108889"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158697870","display_name":"Borko Katanic","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Borko Katanic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Montenergin Sports Academy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Montenergin Sports Academy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081872136","display_name":"Vlad Adrian Geant\u0103","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8488-1698","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8488-1698"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64956957","display_name":"Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad","ror":"https://ror.org/05w5rsy15","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64956957"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vlad Adrian Geant\u0103","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64956957"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071215246","display_name":"Jolita Vveinhardt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6231-9402","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6231-9402"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139173083","display_name":"Lithuanian Sports University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hxk7s55","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139173083"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jolita Vveinhardt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139173083"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010915006","display_name":"Karuppasamy Govindasamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3019-5545","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3019-5545"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I244572783","display_name":"Symbiosis International University","ror":"https://ror.org/005r2ww51","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karuppasamy Govindasamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sports, Recreation and Wellness, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Hyderabad Campus, Modallaguda (V), Nandigama (M)","Symbiosis School of Sports Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sports, Recreation and Wellness, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Hyderabad Campus, Modallaguda (V), Nandigama (M)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Symbiosis School of Sports Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010915006","https://openalex.org/A5071215246"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139173083","https://openalex.org/I244572783"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80238616,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1781766","last_page":"1781766"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.7670999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.7670999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11209","display_name":"Cardiovascular and exercise physiology","score":0.2134000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inspiratory-muscle-training","display_name":"inspiratory muscle training","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plyometric-training","display_name":"plyometric training","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-function","display_name":"lung function","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pupillary-light-reflex","display_name":"pupillary light reflex","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomic-regulation","display_name":"autonomic regulation","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-athletes","display_name":"youth athletes","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fev1","display_name":"FEV1","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forced-vital-capacity","display_name":"forced vital capacity","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peak-expiratory-flow","display_name":"peak expiratory flow","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-inspiratory-pressure","display_name":"maximal inspiratory pressure","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-muscle-strength","display_name":"respiratory muscle strength","score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-induced-adaptations","display_name":"training-induced adaptations","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomic-nervous-system","display_name":"autonomic nervous system","score":0.3799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55520419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660995","display_name":"Vital capacity","level":5,"score":0.6656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780333948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653305","display_name":"Spirometry","level":3,"score":0.6306999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.5619000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.5313000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31897792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425021","display_name":"Plyometrics","level":3,"score":0.4388999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75603125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1877462","display_name":"Pulmonary function testing","level":2,"score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83974742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179405","display_name":"Reflex","level":2,"score":0.36640000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776727875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1344868","display_name":"Spirometer","level":5,"score":0.3555999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27101514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206120","display_name":"Lung volumes","level":3,"score":0.34130001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780769369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4375","display_name":"Bronchoconstriction","level":3,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776370487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144593","display_name":"Sitting","level":2,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776042228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35869","display_name":"Asthma","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87813604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1242899","display_name":"Crossover study","level":4,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphys.2026.1781766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1781766","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1781766","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1781766/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52732750","display_name":"Frontiers in Physiology","issn_l":"1664-042X","issn":["1664-042X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13713271","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13713271/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13713271/pdf/fphys-17-1781766.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Physiol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42952497","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42952497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in physiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:clok.uclan.ac.uk:60557","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1139-7731>,","pdf_url":"https://knowledge.lancashire.ac.uk/id/eprint/60557/1/60557%20Tejaswi%20et%20al.%20VOR.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402361","display_name":"CLOK (University of Central Lancashire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185852735","host_organization_name":"University of Lancashire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:80c97e48599e437483feb6abc9c60e00","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/80c97e48599e437483feb6abc9c60e00","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Physiology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphys.2026.1781766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1781766","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1781766","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1781766/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52732750","display_name":"Frontiers in Physiology","issn_l":"1664-042X","issn":["1664-042X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221817085.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221817085.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585284281","https://openalex.org/W1964112652","https://openalex.org/W1999502144","https://openalex.org/W2009249600","https://openalex.org/W2016081944","https://openalex.org/W2020794622","https://openalex.org/W2079466102","https://openalex.org/W2088205751","https://openalex.org/W2136280525","https://openalex.org/W2137731450","https://openalex.org/W2161257635","https://openalex.org/W2166743020","https://openalex.org/W2481029616","https://openalex.org/W2554843924","https://openalex.org/W2892728521","https://openalex.org/W2901112424","https://openalex.org/W2945820718","https://openalex.org/W2971237856","https://openalex.org/W2976699421","https://openalex.org/W2988058845","https://openalex.org/W2997612004","https://openalex.org/W3002725948","https://openalex.org/W3031292451","https://openalex.org/W3081712174","https://openalex.org/W3091984750","https://openalex.org/W3096107732","https://openalex.org/W3111323361","https://openalex.org/W3126586974","https://openalex.org/W3206729187","https://openalex.org/W3212745134","https://openalex.org/W4200144803","https://openalex.org/W4205864300","https://openalex.org/W4211048843","https://openalex.org/W4212986044","https://openalex.org/W4292528167","https://openalex.org/W4307092591","https://openalex.org/W4309072816","https://openalex.org/W4311606764","https://openalex.org/W4321497462","https://openalex.org/W4376139033","https://openalex.org/W4401153297","https://openalex.org/W4402808530","https://openalex.org/W4404298464","https://openalex.org/W4406990402","https://openalex.org/W4409503016","https://openalex.org/W4410071140","https://openalex.org/W4411257145","https://openalex.org/W4413137701","https://openalex.org/W4414690942","https://openalex.org/W7135010931"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7140047620","https://openalex.org/W3110362130","https://openalex.org/W7167345558","https://openalex.org/W2766558480","https://openalex.org/W2579929672","https://openalex.org/W1986886924","https://openalex.org/W4413059826","https://openalex.org/W7207678652","https://openalex.org/W7130373908","https://openalex.org/W4211048843"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Inspiratory":[1],"muscle":[2],"training":[3,63,95,265,325],"(IMT)":[4],"and":[5,24,44,68,150,155,175,192,232,285,375],"plyometric":[6,62,94,264,324,350],"exercise":[7],"are":[8],"established":[9],"conditioning":[10],"modalities":[11,332,382],"that":[12,352],"elicit":[13],"distinct":[14,336],"physiological":[15,370],"adaptations,":[16],"yet":[17],"their":[18],"comparative":[19],"effects":[20,56],"on":[21,65],"respiratory":[22],"function":[23,67,322],"autonomic":[25,42,356],"regulation":[26],"in":[27,71,115,195,206,271,306,320,326,338],"youth":[28,72,77,327],"athletes":[29],"remain":[30],"unclear.":[31],"The":[32,107],"pupillary":[33,339],"light":[34,340],"reflex":[35,341],"(PLR)":[36],"provides":[37],"a":[38,58,93,101],"non-invasive":[39],"index":[40],"of":[41,57,379],"activity":[43],"may":[45,353],"offer":[46],"new":[47],"insight":[48],"into":[49],"training-induced":[50],"adaptations.":[51],"This":[52],"study":[53,191],"examined":[54],"the":[55,190,196,307,376],"12-week":[59],"IMT":[60,88,201,315],"versus":[61],"program":[64],"pulmonary":[66,321],"PLR":[69,156,245,287],"dynamics":[70],"middle-distance":[73,78,328],"runners.":[74],"Methods":[75],"Ninety":[76],"runners":[79],"(aged":[80],"14\u201318":[81],"years)":[82],"were":[83,171,193,304,333],"randomly":[84],"assigned":[85],"to":[86,203,212,224,237,254,277,293],"an":[87],"group":[89,96,103],"(n":[90,97,104],"=":[91,98,105],"30),":[92,99],"or":[100],"control":[102,308],"30).":[106],"prespecified":[108],"primary":[109,198],"outcome":[110],"was":[111,181,361],"forced":[112,133,137],"expiratory":[113,128,138,147],"volume":[114,129],"1":[116,119,131,143,208,273],"second":[117],"(FEV":[118],");":[120],"secondary":[121],"outcomes":[122],"included":[123,194],"other":[124],"spirometry":[125],"parameters":[126],"(forced":[127],"[FEV":[130,142],"],":[132],"vital":[134,140],"capacity":[135,141],"[FVC],":[136],"volume/forced":[139],"/FVC]":[144],"ratio,":[145],"peak":[146],"flow":[148],"[PEF],":[149],"maximal":[151],"inspiratory":[152],"pressure":[153],"[MIP])":[154],"metrics":[157],"(initial":[158],"diameter,":[159],"constriction":[160,246],"velocity,":[161],"maximum":[162],"constriction,":[163],"re-dilation":[164,288,347],"velocity)":[165],"served":[166],"as":[167,369],"secondary/exploratory":[168],"outcomes.":[169],"Assessments":[170],"conducted":[172],"at":[173],"baseline":[174],"12":[176],"weeks":[177],"(no":[178],"interim":[179],"timepoint":[180],"assessed).":[182],"Of":[183],"90":[184],"randomized":[185],"participants,":[186],"86":[187],"(95.6%)":[188],"completed":[189],"complete-case":[197,313],"analysis.":[199],"Results":[200],"led":[202],"marked":[204],"gains":[205],"FEV":[207,272],"(4.12":[209],"\u00b1":[210,214,222,226,235,239,252,256,275,279,291,295],"0.23":[211],"4.45":[213],"0.25":[215],"L,":[216,228,281],"p":[217,229,242,259,282,298],"<":[218,230,243,260,283,299],"0.001),":[219,231],"FVC":[220],"(4.89":[221],"0.31":[223],"5.28":[225],"0.33":[227],"PEF":[233],"(628":[234],"45":[236],"672":[238],"48":[240],"L/min,":[241],"0.001).":[244],"velocity":[247,289,344,348],"also":[248],"improved":[249],"significantly":[250],"(5.2":[251],"0.8":[253],"6.1":[255],"0.9":[257],"mm/s,":[258,297],"0.01).":[261],"In":[262,311],"comparison,":[263],"yielded":[266],"modest":[267],"but":[268],"significant":[269,302],"improvements":[270,319],"(4.08":[274],"0.26":[276],"4.25":[278],"0.28":[280],"0.05)":[284],"increased":[286],"(3.1":[290],"0.6":[292],"3.8":[294],"0.7":[296],"0.05).":[300],"No":[301],"changes":[303,337],"observed":[305],"group.":[309],"Conclusion":[310],"this":[312],"analysis,":[314],"produced":[316],"greater":[317],"adjusted":[318],"than":[323,372],"runners,":[329],"while":[330],"both":[331,381],"associated":[334],"with":[335,345,349],"indices":[342],"(constriction":[343],"IMT;":[346],"training)":[351],"reflect":[354],"differential":[355],"adaptation.":[357],"As":[358],"running":[359],"performance":[360,373],"not":[362],"assessed,":[363],"these":[364],"findings":[365],"should":[366],"be":[367],"interpreted":[368],"rather":[371],"evidence,":[374],"potential":[377],"value":[378],"combining":[380],"warrants":[383],"prospective":[384],"testing.":[385]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-02T09:45:03.842371","created_date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00"}