{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7221807280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.15990","title":"Symmetric Dual Breather Modes as a Dynamic Origin of Tiny Particle Masses","display_name":"Symmetric Dual Breather Modes as a Dynamic Origin of Tiny Particle Masses","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7221807280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.15990"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.15990","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.15990","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.15990","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.15990","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028498890","display_name":"Yoritaka Iwata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6898-7505","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6898-7505"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79778647","display_name":"Osaka University of Economics and Law","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3kcg18","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79778647"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iwata, Yoritaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osaka University of Economics and Law , Gakuonji 6-10 , Osaka 581-0853 , Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka University of Economics and Law , Gakuonji 6-10 , Osaka 581-0853 , Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79778647"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112685537","display_name":"Yasuhiro Takei","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159520","display_name":"Mizuho (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05e34ra63","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159520"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405275867","display_name":"Mizuho Research & Technologies, Ltd. (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/04e2w5782","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405275867"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takei, Yasuhiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mizuho Research & Technologies , Kanda Nishiki Cho 2-3 , Tokyo 101-8443 , Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mizuho Research & Technologies , Kanda Nishiki Cho 2-3 , Tokyo 101-8443 , Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159520","https://openalex.org/I4405275867"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.9345999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.9345999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12516","display_name":"Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications","score":0.015300000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11960","display_name":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","score":0.011800000444054604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spontaneous-symmetry-breaking","display_name":"spontaneous symmetry breaking","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/z2-symmetry-breaking","display_name":"Z2 symmetry breaking","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/klein-gordon-equation","display_name":"Klein-Gordon equation","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breathing-mode","display_name":"breathing mode","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heteroclinic-orbits","display_name":"heteroclinic orbits","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/majorana-states","display_name":"Majorana states","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weyl-equation","display_name":"Weyl equation","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chiral-selection","display_name":"chiral selection","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutrino-mass","display_name":"neutrino mass","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-space-geometry","display_name":"phase space geometry","score":0.5730000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.8227999806404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74455749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5254599","display_name":"Breather","level":3,"score":0.6589000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.44780001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16171025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863349","display_name":"Singularity","level":2,"score":0.39579999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195065555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881","display_name":"Curvature","level":2,"score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110521144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193460","display_name":"Scalar field","level":2,"score":0.3887999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204795200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903282","display_name":"Symmetry breaking","level":2,"score":0.35690000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125881977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736716","display_name":"Spontaneous symmetry breaking","level":3,"score":0.34630000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137618395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576728","display_name":"Winding number","level":2,"score":0.3353999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201721","display_name":"Gravitational singularity","level":2,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2681867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690935","display_name":"Saddle point","level":2,"score":0.31139999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779886137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21030012","display_name":"Symmetry (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778671503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7542110","display_name":"Slow manifold","level":3,"score":0.30970001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73888704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154357","display_name":"Heteroclinic bifurcation","level":5,"score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529865628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790740","display_name":"Manifold (fluid mechanics)","level":2,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174256460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911364","display_name":"Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics)","level":2,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163387558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q281778","display_name":"Effective field theory","level":2,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182310444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332643","display_name":"Boundary value problem","level":2,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189201455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110360","display_name":"Rogue wave","level":3,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57691317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289248","display_name":"Scalar (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165160513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7524249","display_name":"Singular perturbation","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32758168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900488","display_name":"Normal mode","level":3,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.15990","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.15990","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.15990","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2610.15990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.15990","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.15990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.15990","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.15990","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.15990","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325718","display_name":"Osaka University of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04g11bp59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337238","display_name":"Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf - Lu\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh","ror":"https://ror.org/0138jhg57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221807280.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221807280.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W142476198","https://openalex.org/W3201292515","https://openalex.org/W2094661272","https://openalex.org/W1831912613","https://openalex.org/W3139425087","https://openalex.org/W2162472896","https://openalex.org/W2162361390","https://openalex.org/W4248107255","https://openalex.org/W7100740494","https://openalex.org/W2995083059"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spontaneous":[0],"symmetry":[1,40],"breaking":[2,41],"(SSB)":[3],"is":[4,70],"conventionally":[5],"understood":[6],"through":[7,46],"static":[8,81],"vacuum":[9],"selection":[10],"in":[11,42],"low-energy":[12],"approximations.":[13],"However,":[14],"the":[15,57,62,92,96,102,106,137,142,173,181,189,205],"nonperturbative":[16,196],"dynamical":[17],"pathways":[18],"connecting":[19],"symmetric":[20],"configurations":[21],"to":[22,188],"asymmetric":[23,177],"states":[24,164],"remain":[25],"an":[26,34,52],"open":[27],"question.":[28],"In":[29],"this":[30,156],"paper,":[31],"we":[32,50],"propose":[33],"operator-theoretic":[35],"framework":[36],"that":[37,80],"characterizes":[38],"$Z_{2}$":[39],"scalar":[43],"field":[44,103],"theory":[45],"spectral":[47],"branching.":[48],"Specifically,":[49],"identify":[51],"effective":[53,148],"invariant":[54],"manifold":[55],"of":[56,208],"nonlinear":[58,169],"Klein-Gordon":[59],"equation":[60],"termed":[61],"\"symmetric":[63],"dual":[64],"breather":[65],"mode,\"":[66],"whose":[67],"phase-space":[68,178],"geometry":[69],"traced":[71],"using":[72],"a":[73,85,110,121,132],"$t$-dependent":[74],"finite-dimensional":[75],"representation.":[76],"Our":[77],"analysis":[78],"demonstrates":[79],"SSB":[82],"represents":[83],"merely":[84],"small-amplitude":[86],"limit":[87],"($A":[88,99],"\\ll":[89],"\u03d5_{v1}$).":[90],"As":[91],"amplitude":[93],"increases":[94],"into":[95],"heteroclinic":[97,143,174],"regime":[98],">":[100],"\u03d5_{v1}$),":[101],"dynamically":[104,185],"overflows":[105],"central":[107],"barrier,":[108],"yielding":[109],"vanishing":[111],"time-averaged":[112],"order":[113],"parameter":[114],"($\\langle":[115,125],"\u03d5\\rangle":[116],"=":[117],"0$)":[118],"and":[119,184,204],"driving":[120],"geometric":[122],"curvature":[123],"cancellation":[124],"V''(\u03d5)":[126],"\\rangle_{t}":[127],"\\to":[128],"0$).":[129],"Governed":[130],"by":[131],"universal":[133],"scaling":[134],"function":[135],"$\\mathfrak{F}(y)$,":[136],"logarithmic":[138],"period":[139],"divergence":[140],"near":[141],"boundary":[144],"naturally":[145,160],"generates":[146],"sub-eV":[147],"mass":[149,200],"scales":[150],"without":[151],"fine-tuning":[152],"bare":[153],"parameters.":[154],"Furthermore,":[155],"dynamic":[157,206],"barrier":[158],"overflow":[159],"favors":[161],"Majorana-like":[162],"self-conjugate":[163],"over":[165],"Dirac-type":[166],"states.":[167],"Additionally,":[168],"phase":[170],"interference":[171],"along":[172],"channel":[175],"induces":[176],"contraction,":[179],"decoupling":[180],"right-handed":[182],"mode":[183],"giving":[186],"rise":[187],"left-handed":[190],"Weyl":[191],"equation.":[192],"These":[193],"results":[194],"bridge":[195],"wave":[197],"dynamics,":[198],"topological":[199],"suppression,":[201],"chiral":[202],"selection,":[203],"origin":[207],"active":[209],"neutrino":[210],"masses.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00"}