{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7221785487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.757070","title":"Dietary nitrate does not alter the rate of torque development during maximal voluntary isometric or electrically evoked tetanic contractions in young men or women","display_name":"Dietary nitrate does not alter the rate of torque development during maximal voluntary isometric or electrically evoked tetanic contractions in young men or women","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7221785487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.757070"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.06.757070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.757070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.757070","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/14/2026.10.06.757070.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/14/2026.10.06.757070.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152085394","display_name":"Lenna K. Gottschild","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388446366","display_name":"Indiana University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/03eftgw80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lenna K. Gottschild","raw_affiliation_strings":["Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152046800","display_name":"Jay P. Pillai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388446366","display_name":"Indiana University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/03eftgw80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jay P. Pillai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093963532","display_name":"Madison J. Fry","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388446366","display_name":"Indiana University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/03eftgw80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madison J. Fry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158740841","display_name":"William S Zoughai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388446366","display_name":"Indiana University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/03eftgw80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William S. Zoughaib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070808862","display_name":"Richard Leigh Hoffman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2290-3951","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2290-3951"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388446366","display_name":"Indiana University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/03eftgw80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard L. Hoffman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008283215","display_name":"Andrew R. Coggan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7723-8872","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7723-8872"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388446366","display_name":"Indiana University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/03eftgw80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew R. Coggan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7723-8872","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008283215"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I55769427"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11399","display_name":"Muscle metabolism and nutrition","score":0.44190001487731934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11399","display_name":"Muscle metabolism and nutrition","score":0.44190001487731934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11209","display_name":"Cardiovascular and exercise physiology","score":0.3118000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11585","display_name":"Exercise and Physiological Responses","score":0.07329999655485153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-nitrate","display_name":"dietary nitrate","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beetroot-juice","display_name":"beetroot juice","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rate-of-torque-development","display_name":"rate of torque development","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-contraction","display_name":"muscle contraction","score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tetanic-contraction","display_name":"tetanic contraction","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isometric-contraction","display_name":"isometric contraction","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/menstrual-cycle","display_name":"menstrual cycle","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triceps-surae","display_name":"triceps surae","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triceps-brachii","display_name":"triceps brachii","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadriceps","display_name":"quadriceps","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuronal-activation","display_name":"neuronal activation","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-contractility","display_name":"muscle contractility","score":0.5989999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103486182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1216236","display_name":"Isometric exercise","level":2,"score":0.8562999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6668000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6517999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.5595999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26077564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1910318","display_name":"Turnover","level":2,"score":0.5357999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193230392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1663054","display_name":"Ingestion","level":2,"score":0.43529999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6742658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3973591","display_name":"Tetanic stimulation","level":4,"score":0.4219000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.41749998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.3873000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.34769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.34369999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776050358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127006","display_name":"Muscle contraction","level":2,"score":0.3240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778310968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14536140","display_name":"Exertion","level":2,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87813604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1242899","display_name":"Crossover study","level":4,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776625112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282934","display_name":"Distension","level":2,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133165541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472094","display_name":"Exercise physiology","level":2,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776874296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6940317","display_name":"Muscle fatigue","level":3,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541528975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53121","display_name":"Cycling","level":2,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181588539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219067","display_name":"Physical exercise","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187785154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5464664","display_name":"Follicular phase","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.25459998846054077}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.06.757070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.757070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.757070","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/14/2026.10.06.757070.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.06.757070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.757070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.757070","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/14/2026.10.06.757070.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221785487.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221785487.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1778286330","https://openalex.org/W1956696587","https://openalex.org/W1996092167","https://openalex.org/W2005411902","https://openalex.org/W2027294936","https://openalex.org/W2068803726","https://openalex.org/W2073310678","https://openalex.org/W2124372157","https://openalex.org/W2154797839","https://openalex.org/W2167242612","https://openalex.org/W2290888937","https://openalex.org/W2314442967","https://openalex.org/W2558209383","https://openalex.org/W2614394717","https://openalex.org/W2779853494","https://openalex.org/W2791713978","https://openalex.org/W2801187579","https://openalex.org/W2883886248","https://openalex.org/W2904318440","https://openalex.org/W2909196383","https://openalex.org/W2938301398","https://openalex.org/W2941315963","https://openalex.org/W2945039946","https://openalex.org/W2989708359","https://openalex.org/W3082574905","https://openalex.org/W3204148153","https://openalex.org/W4214768514","https://openalex.org/W4223513783","https://openalex.org/W4308702906","https://openalex.org/W4313575763","https://openalex.org/W4386617767","https://openalex.org/W4396559740","https://openalex.org/W4406874309","https://openalex.org/W4408585708","https://openalex.org/W4415325770","https://openalex.org/W7116980705","https://openalex.org/W7134129983","https://openalex.org/W7203698023"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7116980705","https://openalex.org/W2790482450","https://openalex.org/W2602087771","https://openalex.org/W4313575763","https://openalex.org/W4405893315","https://openalex.org/W4414242208","https://openalex.org/W1979118907","https://openalex.org/W1531669148","https://openalex.org/W3090464219","https://openalex.org/W4414226011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"We":[1,155],"determined":[2,85],"the":[3,94,103,179],"effects":[4],"of":[5,16,47,178],"NO":[6,48,57,109,139,160,204],"3":[7,49,58,110,140,161,205],"\u2212":[8,50,59,111,141,162,206],"ingestion":[9],"on":[10,116,168],"voluntary":[11,76,120,172],"and":[12,23,39,97,102],"electrically":[13,174],"evoked":[14,175],"rate":[15,200],"torque":[17],"development":[18],"(RTD)":[19],"in":[20,100,106,122,124,130,149,184,193,209],"young":[21],"men":[22,31,101,123,150],"women.":[24,107],"Using":[25],"double-blind,":[26],"placebo-controlled":[27],"crossover":[28],"designs,":[29],"14":[30],"or":[32,55,118,129,152,173,181,196],"12":[33],"women":[34,131,153],"(tested":[35],"during":[36,74,86,132,170],"both":[37],"early":[38],"late":[40],"follicular":[41],"phases)":[42],"acutely":[43],"ingested":[44],"200":[45],"\u03bcmol/kg":[46],"from":[51],"beetroot":[52],"juice":[53],"(BRJ)":[54],"a":[56],"-free":[60],"BRJ":[61],"placebo.":[62],"Voluntary":[63],"RTD":[64,82,121,148,169],"(0-30":[65],"ms,":[66,68,70],"0-50":[67],"0-200":[69],"maximal)":[71],"was":[72,83],"measured":[73],"maximal":[75,80,119,146,171],"isometric":[77,176],"contractions.":[78],"The":[79],"tetanic":[81,147],"also":[84],"stimulation":[87],"at":[88],"100":[89],"Hz.":[90],"Muscles":[91],"tested":[92],"included":[93],"triceps":[95,98],"surae":[96],"brachii":[99],"quadriceps":[104],"femoris":[105],"Dietary":[108],"had":[112],"no":[113,165],"significant":[114],"effect":[115,167],"initial":[117],"either":[125,133],"muscle":[126,210],"group":[127],"(P\u22650.31)":[128],"menstrual":[134],"phase":[135],"(P\u22650.69).":[136],"Similarly,":[137],"acute":[138,158],"intake":[142],"did":[143],"not":[144],"alter":[145],"(P\u22650.87)":[151],"(P\u22650.70).":[154],"conclude":[156],"that":[157],"dietary":[159],"supplementation":[163],"has":[164],"apparent":[166],"contractions":[177],"lower":[180],"upper":[182],"limbs":[183],"young,":[185],"untrained":[186],"individuals.":[187],"These":[188],"findings":[189],"argue":[190],"against":[191],"changes":[192],"neural":[194],"activation":[195],"actomyosin":[197],"crossbridge":[198],"cycling":[199],"as":[201],"mechanisms":[202],"driving":[203],"-induced":[207],"improvements":[208],"contractile":[211],"function.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00"}
