{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7221772282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15010423/v1","title":"Understanding Programmable Catalysts Versus Dynamic Reactors","display_name":"Understanding Programmable Catalysts Versus Dynamic Reactors","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7221772282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15010423/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.15010423/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15010423/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15010423/v1","pdf_url":"https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv.15010423/v1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918830","display_name":"ChemRxiv","issn_l":"2573-2293","issn":["2573-2293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv.15010423/v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123195359","display_name":"Omar Abdelrahman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Abdelrahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Programmable Energy Catalysis, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455","Department of Chemical Engineering","University of Houston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Programmable Energy Catalysis, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Houston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047217534","display_name":"Phillip Christopher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4898-5510","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4898-5510"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phillip Christopher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Programmable Energy Catalysis, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455","Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, 3357 Engr II UCSB, Santa Barbara, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Programmable Energy Catalysis, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, 3357 Engr II UCSB, Santa Barbara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039071105","display_name":"Eranda Nikolla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8172-884X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8172-884X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eranda Nikolla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Programmable Energy Catalysis, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455","Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Programmable Energy Catalysis, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003718847","display_name":"Paul Jakob Dauenhauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5810-1953","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5810-1953"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul J. Dauenhauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Programmable Energy Catalysis, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455","Department of Chemical Engineering &amp; Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5810-1953","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Programmable Energy Catalysis, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering &amp; Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11825","display_name":"Catalysis and Oxidation Reactions","score":0.3693999946117401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1503","display_name":"Catalysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11825","display_name":"Catalysis and Oxidation Reactions","score":0.3693999946117401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1503","display_name":"Catalysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10192","display_name":"Catalytic Processes in Materials Science","score":0.24549999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10495","display_name":"Catalysts for Methane Reforming","score":0.04740000143647194,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1503","display_name":"Catalysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reaction-free-energy","display_name":"reaction free energy","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/external-stimuli","display_name":"external stimuli","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reaction-rate-enhancement","display_name":"reaction rate enhancement","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-selectivity","display_name":"product selectivity","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-industry","display_name":"chemical industry","score":0.5400000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.6294000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.5288000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124223222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2281940","display_name":"Chemical process","level":2,"score":0.5188999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48969998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22547674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582668","display_name":"Chemical energy","level":2,"score":0.48089998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108213311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557573","display_name":"Chemical reactor","level":2,"score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177801218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36534","display_name":"Chemical reaction","level":2,"score":0.4275999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183696295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.42719998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12404463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207652","display_name":"Chemical industry","level":2,"score":0.3522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991944050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36534","display_name":"Reaction conditions","level":3,"score":0.3472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3237000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993277463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209082","display_name":"Chemical reaction kinetics","level":4,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.15010423/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15010423/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15010423/v1","pdf_url":"https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv.15010423/v1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918830","display_name":"ChemRxiv","issn_l":"2573-2293","issn":["2573-2293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.15010423/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15010423/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15010423/v1","pdf_url":"https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv.15010423/v1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918830","display_name":"ChemRxiv","issn_l":"2573-2293","issn":["2573-2293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221772282.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221772282.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528864900","https://openalex.org/W1597503617","https://openalex.org/W1966579154","https://openalex.org/W1991630775","https://openalex.org/W1992338769","https://openalex.org/W2010178908","https://openalex.org/W2015791979","https://openalex.org/W2023928949","https://openalex.org/W2028466381","https://openalex.org/W2029666784","https://openalex.org/W2034963166","https://openalex.org/W2037371242","https://openalex.org/W2079173155","https://openalex.org/W2087628947","https://openalex.org/W2108647642","https://openalex.org/W2527551638","https://openalex.org/W2945032606","https://openalex.org/W2969923410","https://openalex.org/W3087766139","https://openalex.org/W3128921177","https://openalex.org/W4205245413","https://openalex.org/W4280528336","https://openalex.org/W4309161332","https://openalex.org/W4310251915","https://openalex.org/W4389366634","https://openalex.org/W4390227542","https://openalex.org/W4401181314","https://openalex.org/W4403984292","https://openalex.org/W4412655743","https://openalex.org/W7128603691"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4366374289","https://openalex.org/W4205307722","https://openalex.org/W4389366634","https://openalex.org/W2786658479","https://openalex.org/W4414149773","https://openalex.org/W6886071632","https://openalex.org/W4402744874","https://openalex.org/W4415740601","https://openalex.org/W4244553485","https://openalex.org/W2955375383"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,46],"engineering":[1],"of":[2,10,22,30,62,80,99,136],"new":[3,35],"processing":[4],"systems":[5,32,101,129],"can":[6,33,144],"utilize":[7],"dynamic":[8,28,49,84,100,127],"operation":[9,29],"catalysts,":[11,137],"reactors":[12,50,85],"and":[13,18,25,51,133,140],"processes":[14],"to":[15,102,111,117,121,146],"achieve":[16,34],"faster":[17],"more":[19],"selective":[20],"manufacturing":[21],"chemicals,":[23],"fuels,":[24],"materials.":[26],"Forced":[27],"chemical":[31,63,128,148],"catalytic":[36],"rates":[37],"or":[38,71,105],"targeted":[39],"products":[40],"not":[41],"accessible":[42],"under":[43],"steady-state":[44],"conditions.":[45],"distinction":[47],"between":[48],"programmable":[52],"catalysts":[53,74],"is":[54],"defined":[55],"by":[56,66],"the":[57,77,88,97,113,124],"differences":[58,125],"in":[59,109,126,131],"free":[60,91],"energy":[61,79],"species":[64],"stimulated":[65,114],"light,":[67],"charge,":[68],"fields,":[69],"heat,":[70],"light.":[72],"Programmable":[73],"only":[75],"modulate":[76,87],"binding":[78],"surface":[81],"adsorbates,":[82],"while":[83],"also":[86],"overall":[89],"reaction":[90],"energy.":[92],"This":[93],"energetic":[94],"difference":[95],"determines":[96],"capability":[98],"accelerate":[103],"reactions":[104,119],"select":[106],"for":[107],"products,":[108],"addition":[110],"defining":[112],"system\u2019s":[115],"ability":[116],"convert":[118],"relative":[120],"equilibrium.":[122],"Understanding":[123],"aids":[130],"identifying":[132],"optimizing":[134],"combinations":[135],"reactions,":[138],"conditions,":[139],"external":[141],"stimuli":[142],"that":[143],"lead":[145],"improved":[147],"manufacturing.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00"}
