{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7221771978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.14930","title":"Clarifying tipping terminology","display_name":"Clarifying tipping terminology","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7221771978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.14930"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.14930","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.14930","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.14930","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.14930","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000663216","display_name":"Niklas Boers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1239-9034","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1239-9034"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boers, Niklas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061718318","display_name":"Robert E. Kopp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4016-9428","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4016-9428","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2800-6466"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kopp, Robert E.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences and Rutgers Climate & Energy Institute , Rutgers University , New Brunswick , NJ , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences and Rutgers Climate & Energy Institute , Rutgers University , New Brunswick , NJ , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075036871","display_name":"Peter Ashwin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7330-4951","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7330-4951"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashwin, Peter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics , University of Exeter , Exeter , UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics , University of Exeter , Exeter , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010835660","display_name":"Sebastian Bathiany","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-1619","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-1619"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60200437","display_name":"Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03e8s1d88","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I60200437"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bathiany, Sebastian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Munich Climate Center and Earth System Modelling Group , Department of Aerospace and Geodesy , TUM School of Engineering and Design , Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany","Research Domain IV -Complexity Science , Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research , Potsdam , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Munich Climate Center and Earth System Modelling Group , Department of Aerospace and Geodesy , TUM School of Engineering and Design , Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Domain IV -Complexity Science , Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research , Potsdam , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60200437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003785114","display_name":"Maya Ben\u2010Yami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7355-8318","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7355-8318"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60200437","display_name":"Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03e8s1d88","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I60200437"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben-Yami, Maya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Munich Climate Center and Earth System Modelling Group , Department of Aerospace and Geodesy , TUM School of Engineering and Design , Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany","Research Domain IV -Complexity Science , Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research , Potsdam , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Munich Climate Center and Earth System Modelling Group , Department of Aerospace and Geodesy , TUM School of Engineering and Design , Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Domain IV -Complexity Science , Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research , Potsdam , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60200437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037577390","display_name":"Reyk B\u00f6rner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4593-7721","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4593-7721"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B\u00f6rner, Reyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht , Department of Physics , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht , Department of Physics , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158740231","display_name":"Jofre Carnicer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129656","display_name":"Centre for Research on Ecology and Forestry Applications","ror":"https://ror.org/03abrgd14","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129656","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71999127","display_name":"Universitat de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/021018s57","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carnicer, Jofre","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Barcelona , CREAF-IRBio , Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Barcelona , CREAF-IRBio , Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129656","https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127291550","display_name":"H. Dijkstra","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dijkstra, Henk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht , Department of Physics , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht , Department of Physics , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158742441","display_name":"Thomas L. Fr\u00f6licher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299204452","display_name":"Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0329s8h62","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299204452"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fr\u00f6licher, Thomas L.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Climate and Environmental Physics , Physics Institute , University of Bern , Switzerland","Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research , University of Bern , Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Climate and Environmental Physics , Physics Institute , University of Bern , Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research , University of Bern , Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535","https://openalex.org/I1299204452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045772011","display_name":"Michael Ghil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5177-7133","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5177-7133"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghil, Michael","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147206730","display_name":"Elisabeth Gilmore","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gilmore, Elisabeth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norman Paterson School of International Affairs and Civil and Environmental Engineering , Carleton University , Ottawa , Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norman Paterson School of International Affairs and Civil and Environmental Engineering , Carleton University , Ottawa , Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136037739","display_name":"Gabriele C. Hegerl","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hegerl, Gabriele C.","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of GeoSciences , University of Edinburgh , UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of GeoSciences , University of Edinburgh , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128646686","display_name":"Laura Jackson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293035123","display_name":"Met Office","ror":"https://ror.org/01ch2yn61","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293035123"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jackson, Laura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Met Office Hadley Center , Exeter , UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Met Office Hadley Center , Exeter , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293035123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046619508","display_name":"Shipra Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7045-5188","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7045-5188"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jain, Shipra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Risk and Disaster Reduction , Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences , University College London , United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Risk and Disaster Reduction , Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences , University College London , United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109564360","display_name":"David Lapola","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181391015","display_name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)","ror":"https://ror.org/04wffgt70","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lapola, David","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Campinas -UNICAMP , Campinas SP 13083-886 , Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Campinas -UNICAMP , Campinas SP 13083-886 , Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154510380","display_name":"Timothy M. Lenton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lenton, Timothy M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global Systems Institute , University of Exeter , Exeter , UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Systems Institute , University of Exeter , Exeter , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012428592","display_name":"Valerio Lucarini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9392-1471","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9392-1471"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4396570619","display_name":"Great Bay University","ror":"https://ror.org/01hdgge16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4396570619"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucarini, Valerio","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences , University of Leicester , Leicester , UK","School of Sciences , Great Bay University , Dongguan , P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences , University of Leicester , Leicester , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Sciences , Great Bay University , Dongguan , P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4396570619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158743337","display_name":"Teng Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60200437","display_name":"Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03e8s1d88","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I60200437"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Teng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Munich Climate Center and Earth System Modelling Group , Department of Aerospace and Geodesy , TUM School of Engineering and Design , Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany","Research Domain IV -Complexity Science , Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research , Potsdam , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Munich Climate Center and Earth System Modelling Group , Department of Aerospace and Geodesy , TUM School of Engineering and Design , Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Domain IV -Complexity Science , Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research , Potsdam , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60200437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049447349","display_name":"Virna Loana Meccia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6905-2747","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6905-2747"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096500","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate","ror":"https://ror.org/00n8ttd98","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096500","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meccia, Virna L.","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council of Italy , Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Climate , Bologna , Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council of Italy , Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Climate , Bologna , Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096500","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158736028","display_name":"Andreas Morr","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morr, Andreas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics , TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology , Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics , TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology , Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046171176","display_name":"Anastasia Romanou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5241-4772","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5241-4772"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116578957","display_name":"Goddard Institute for Space Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/01cyfxe35","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116578957","https://openalex.org/I4210124779","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Romanou, Anastasia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics , Columbia University , New York , USA","NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies , New York , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics , Columbia University , New York , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies , New York , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116578957"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006344650","display_name":"Thomas F. Stocker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1245-2728","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1245-2728"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299204452","display_name":"Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0329s8h62","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299204452"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stocker, Thomas F.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Climate and Environmental Physics , Physics Institute , University of Bern , Switzerland","Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research , University of Bern , Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Climate and Environmental Physics , Physics Institute , University of Bern , Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research , University of Bern , Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535","https://openalex.org/I1299204452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031563368","display_name":"Ricarda Winkelmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1248-3217","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1248-3217"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Winkelmann, Ricarda","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158734003","display_name":"Cunde Xiao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao, Cunde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Polar Atmosphere-ice System for Weather and Climate , Institute of Atmospheric Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Polar Atmosphere-ice System for Weather and Climate , Institute of Atmospheric Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159173361","display_name":"Shuting Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32686375","display_name":"Danish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/020m6x732","country_code":"DK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32686375","https://openalex.org/I4210102581"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Shuting","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Climate Research Centre , Danish Meteorological Institute , Copenhagen , Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Climate Research Centre , Danish Meteorological Institute , Copenhagen , Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32686375"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":11,"institutions_distinct_count":22,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13377","display_name":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13377","display_name":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13811","display_name":"Earth Systems and Cosmic Evolution","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regime-shifts","display_name":"tipping points","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-system-dynamics","display_name":"Earth system dynamics","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-dynamics","display_name":"nonlinear dynamics","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terminology-standardization","display_name":"terminology standardization","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-tipping-points","display_name":"climate tipping points","score":0.5609999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114725131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190837","display_name":"Tipping point (physics)","level":2,"score":0.8355000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547195049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664","display_name":"Terminology","level":2,"score":0.8224999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.6561999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5945000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5708000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.49959999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.37450000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3463999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781083858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17327049","display_name":"Scientific literature","level":2,"score":0.3407999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992915469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465832","display_name":"Scientific field","level":3,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.14930","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.14930","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.14930","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2610.14930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.14930","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.14930","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.14930","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.14930","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.14930","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1604232322","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101137601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1988513465","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4000146954/24/I-LR","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","funder_display_name":"European Space Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3165112779","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4000146344/24/I-LR","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","funder_display_name":"European Space Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4149034724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101137673","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4525547758","display_name":"Exploring Tipping Points and Their Impacts Using Earth System Models","funder_award_id":"101137673","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6287184903","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101184070","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6667963079","display_name":"PAST TO FUTURE: TOWARDS FULLY PALEO-INFORMED FUTURE CLIMATE PROJECTIONS","funder_award_id":"101184070","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7530479629","display_name":"Climate Tipping Points: Uncertainty-aware quantification of Earth system tipping potential from observations and models and assessment of associated climatic, ecological, and socioeconomic impacts","funder_award_id":"101137601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8741005810","display_name":"Large-Scale CoPe: Megalopolitan Coastal Transformation Hub: Researching Complex Interactions Between Coastal Hazards and Risk","funder_award_id":"2103754","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000841612","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101295156","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320882","display_name":"Volkswagen Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03bsmfz84"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221771978.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221771978.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7135224349","https://openalex.org/W7155606364","https://openalex.org/W7135388913","https://openalex.org/W2793426517","https://openalex.org/W2532763438","https://openalex.org/W7113202250","https://openalex.org/W4399499962","https://openalex.org/W6940032661","https://openalex.org/W7047621439","https://openalex.org/W4390904978"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"notion":[1],"of":[2,35,46,64],"tipping":[3,38,72],"points":[4],"and":[5,13,20,54],"related":[6,47],"terminology":[7],"have":[8],"so":[9],"far":[10],"had":[11],"inconsistent":[12],"sometimes":[14],"confusing":[15],"definitions":[16],"in":[17],"both":[18],"scientific":[19,29],"popular":[21,33],"literature.":[22],"While":[23],"it":[24],"is":[25],"difficult":[26],"for":[27],"the":[28,36],"community":[30],"to":[31,66],"align":[32],"usage":[34,45],"term":[37],"point":[39],"with":[40,74],"a":[41,61],"precise":[42],"definition,":[43],"technical":[44],"terms":[48,65],"would":[49],"benefit":[50],"from":[51,78],"greater":[52],"consistency":[53],"rigor.":[55],"Toward":[56],"this":[57],"end,":[58],"we":[59],"offer":[60],"systematic":[62],"set":[63],"clarify":[67],"formal":[68],"communication":[69],"around":[70],"potential":[71],"dynamics,":[73],"focus":[75],"on":[76],"examples":[77],"Earth":[79],"system":[80],"dynamics.":[81]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00"}