{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7221687366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2026.3743328","title":"Hybrid Near- and Far-Field Communications in Aerial STARS-Assisted SIM-Enabled Systems","display_name":"Hybrid Near- and Far-Field Communications in Aerial STARS-Assisted SIM-Enabled Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7221687366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2026.3743328"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2026.3743328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2026.3743328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2026.3743328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2026.3743328","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024868986","display_name":"Zahra Mehrzad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9398-2010","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9398-2010"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127068","display_name":"Pasargad Institute for Advanced Innovative Solutions","ror":"https://ror.org/033mn5m13","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127068"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahra Mehrzad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pasargad Institute for Advanced Innovative Solutions (PIAIS)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pasargad Institute for Advanced Innovative Solutions (PIAIS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127068"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137650385","display_name":"Kamran Ebrahimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0668-9318","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0668-9318"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158248296","display_name":"Amirkabir University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzbav43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamran Ebrahimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amirkabir University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amirkabir University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024024344","display_name":"Sepideh Javadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1035-2600","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1035-2600"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127068","display_name":"Pasargad Institute for Advanced Innovative Solutions","ror":"https://ror.org/033mn5m13","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127068"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sepideh Javadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pasargad Institute for Advanced Innovative Solutions (PIAIS)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pasargad Institute for Advanced Innovative Solutions (PIAIS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127068"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075776291","display_name":"Ali Attaran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1696-8150","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1696-8150"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Attaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066654506","display_name":"Mohammad Robat Mili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4120-1872","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4120-1872"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127068","display_name":"Pasargad Institute for Advanced Innovative Solutions","ror":"https://ror.org/033mn5m13","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127068"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Robat Mili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pasargad Institute for Advanced Innovative Solutions (PIAIS)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pasargad Institute for Advanced Innovative Solutions (PIAIS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127068"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137084832","display_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-0001","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-0001"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158650320","display_name":"Naofal Al-Dhahir","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naofal Al-Dhahir","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Dallas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Dallas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stacked-intelligent-metasurfaces","display_name":"stacked intelligent metasurfaces","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-beamforming","display_name":"passive beamforming","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-diffusion-models","display_name":"generative diffusion models","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory-optimization","display_name":"trajectory optimization","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-optimization","display_name":"phase shift optimization","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-allocation","display_name":"power allocation","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/6g-networks","display_name":"6G","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-varying-channels","display_name":"time-varying channels","score":0.7559999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.478300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3813000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3806000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105344744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958957","display_name":"Spread spectrum","level":3,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.25049999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2026.3743328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2026.3743328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2026.3743328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2026.3743328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2026.3743328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2026.3743328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.7207000255584717,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7168407658","https://openalex.org/W7202351240","https://openalex.org/W2952516720","https://openalex.org/W2022538561","https://openalex.org/W3144748074","https://openalex.org/W7204277039","https://openalex.org/W4414758296","https://openalex.org/W7168241709","https://openalex.org/W7171623054","https://openalex.org/W7204200104"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,86],"novel":[4],"aerial":[5],"simultaneous":[6],"transmitting":[7],"and":[8,22,40,45,71],"reflecting":[9],"surface":[10],"(ASTARS)-assisted":[11],"stacked":[12],"intelligent":[13],"metasurface":[14],"(SIM)":[15],"communication":[16],"system":[17],"operating":[18],"in":[19,83,114],"hybrid":[20],"near-":[21],"far-field":[23],"scenarios.":[24],"The":[25],"SIM":[26,66],"enables":[27],"low-latency":[28],"wave-domain":[29],"beamforming":[30],"with":[31],"reduced":[32],"hardware":[33],"complexity,":[34],"while":[35],"the":[36,56,79],"ASTARS":[37,64],"improves":[38],"coverage":[39],"QoS":[41],"through":[42],"dynamic":[43,84],"positioning":[44],"passive":[46],"beamforming.":[47],"A":[48],"fairness-driven":[49],"optimization":[50,62],"problem":[51,82],"is":[52,100],"formulated":[53],"to":[54,105,118],"maximize":[55],"minimum":[57],"user":[58],"rate":[59],"via":[60],"joint":[61],"of":[63],"trajectory,":[65],"phase":[67],"shifts,":[68],"STARS":[69],"beamforming,":[70],"base":[72],"station":[73],"(BS)":[74],"power":[75],"allocation.":[76],"To":[77],"address":[78],"resulting":[80],"non-convex":[81],"environments,":[85],"generative":[87],"diffusion":[88],"model":[89],"(GDM)-based":[90],"meta":[91],"twin":[92],"delayed":[93],"deep":[94],"deterministic":[95],"policy":[96],"gradient":[97],"(Meta-TD3)":[98],"framework":[99],"proposed":[101],"for":[102,126],"fast":[103],"adaptation":[104],"time-varying":[106],"channels.":[107],"Simulation":[108],"results":[109],"show":[110],"notable":[111],"performance":[112],"gains":[113],"NF":[115],"scenarios":[116],"compared":[117],"conventional":[119],"static":[120],"terrestrial":[121],"STARS,":[122],"highlighting":[123],"its":[124],"potential":[125],"6G":[127],"networks.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00"}