{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7221664435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32942/x2m39n","title":"Interactive effects of land use change and climate drive the decline of a threatened boreal forest orchid in Finland","display_name":"Interactive effects of land use change and climate drive the decline of a threatened boreal forest orchid in Finland","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7221664435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32942/x2m39n"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.32942/x2m39n","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32942/x2m39n","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32942/x2m39n","pdf_url":"https://ecoevorxiv.org/repository/object/15456/download/26804/","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ecoevorxiv.org/repository/object/15456/download/26804/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154113835","display_name":"Susanna Koivusaari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susanna Koivusaari","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158549936","display_name":"Miska Luoto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miska Luoto","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Department of Geosciences and Geography , POB 67 , FI-00014 University of Helsinki , Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Geosciences and Geography , POB 67 , FI-00014 University of Helsinki , Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158609138","display_name":"Juha Aalto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juha Aalto","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031765992","display_name":"Kaisu Aapala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6933-9673","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6933-9673"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800424308","display_name":"Finnish Environment Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/013nat269","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800424308","https://openalex.org/I4210136438"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaisu Aapala","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Finnish Environment Institute , Latokartanonkaari 11 , FI-07600 Helsinki , Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Finnish Environment Institute , Latokartanonkaari 11 , FI-07600 Helsinki , Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800424308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158670860","display_name":"Maria H\u00e4llfors","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800424308","display_name":"Finnish Environment Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/013nat269","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800424308","https://openalex.org/I4210136438"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria H\u00e4llfors","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Finnish Environment Institute , Latokartanonkaari 11 , FI-07600 Helsinki , Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Finnish Environment Institute , Latokartanonkaari 11 , FI-07600 Helsinki , Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800424308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033089242","display_name":"Risto K. Heikkinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-5108","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-5108"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Risto K. Heikkinen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067522855","display_name":"Tomi Laurinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5799-9812","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5799-9812"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139717","display_name":"Finnish Museum of Natural History","ror":"https://ror.org/03tcx6c30","country_code":"FI","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052","https://openalex.org/I4210139717"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomi Laurinen","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Botany and Mycology Unit , Finnish Museum of Natural History , POB 7 , FI-00014","University of Helsinki , Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Botany and Mycology Unit , Finnish Museum of Natural History , POB 7 , FI-00014","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139717"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Helsinki , Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158663662","display_name":"Anniina Mattila","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139717","display_name":"Finnish Museum of Natural History","ror":"https://ror.org/03tcx6c30","country_code":"FI","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052","https://openalex.org/I4210139717"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anniina Mattila","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Botany and Mycology Unit , Finnish Museum of Natural History , POB 7 , FI-00014"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Botany and Mycology Unit , Finnish Museum of Natural History , POB 7 , FI-00014","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139717"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.8773999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.8773999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10005","display_name":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","score":0.09610000252723694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12618","display_name":"Botany and Plant Ecology Studies","score":0.020999999716877937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calypso-bulbosa","display_name":"Calypso bulbosa","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use-change","display_name":"land use change","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-loss","display_name":"forest loss","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"climate change","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extinction-probability","display_name":"extinction probability","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interaction-effects","display_name":"interaction effects","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainfall","display_name":"rainfall","score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow-depth","display_name":"snow depth","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-sum","display_name":"temperature sum","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-dependent-species","display_name":"forest-dependent species","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threatened-species","display_name":"threatened species","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finland","display_name":"Finland","score":0.37700000405311584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.7224000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.7081000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24518262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16197023","display_name":"Threatened species","level":3,"score":0.7071999907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100537666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q893477","display_name":"Boreal","level":2,"score":0.6442999839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87621631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69564","display_name":"Taiga","level":2,"score":0.6164000034332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5706999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130217890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041","display_name":"Biodiversity","level":2,"score":0.5072000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.47870001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101991246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422078","display_name":"Extinction (optical mineralogy)","level":2,"score":0.4544000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122690726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3348639","display_name":"Land use, land-use change and forestry","level":3,"score":0.4372999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3815999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.36039999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.3562000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73935091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2249329","display_name":"Forest ecology","level":3,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92494378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845725","display_name":"Temperate rainforest","level":3,"score":0.32350000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114990195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430548","display_name":"Effects of global warming","level":4,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125620115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845249","display_name":"Logging","level":2,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12202269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q893476","display_name":"Boreal ecosystem","level":3,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24037442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469194","display_name":"Forest restoration","level":4,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115343472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Global warming","level":3,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28631016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372561","display_name":"Forest management","level":2,"score":0.26440000534057617}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.32942/x2m39n","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32942/x2m39n","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32942/x2m39n","pdf_url":"https://ecoevorxiv.org/repository/object/15456/download/26804/","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eer:id:15456","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ecoevorxiv.org/repository/object/15456/download/26804/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402488","display_name":"EcoEvoRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EcoEvoRxiv","raw_type":"PREPRINTS"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.32942/x2m39n","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32942/x2m39n","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32942/x2m39n","pdf_url":"https://ecoevorxiv.org/repository/object/15456/download/26804/","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"},{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323433","display_name":"Koneen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","ror":"https://ror.org/05jwty529"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326144","display_name":"Nordenski\u00f6ld-samfundet","ror":"https://ror.org/02mrxfm86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329298","display_name":"Waldemar von Frenckells Stiftelse","ror":"https://ror.org/030yben02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329986","display_name":"Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica","ror":"https://ror.org/05n6zma86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221664435.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221664435.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W778831190","https://openalex.org/W1496558964","https://openalex.org/W1605086046","https://openalex.org/W1985422521","https://openalex.org/W1992206934","https://openalex.org/W1992244678","https://openalex.org/W1997892201","https://openalex.org/W2006617902","https://openalex.org/W2017497904","https://openalex.org/W2018764772","https://openalex.org/W2023113695","https://openalex.org/W2037668791","https://openalex.org/W2082095230","https://openalex.org/W2082432636","https://openalex.org/W2083029259","https://openalex.org/W2087911853","https://openalex.org/W2088288842","https://openalex.org/W2130486975","https://openalex.org/W2149507322","https://openalex.org/W2336200594","https://openalex.org/W2338630180","https://openalex.org/W2750493393","https://openalex.org/W2809750665","https://openalex.org/W2918167658","https://openalex.org/W2926335840","https://openalex.org/W3006438817","https://openalex.org/W3100560260","https://openalex.org/W3117624360","https://openalex.org/W4210393262","https://openalex.org/W4292865744","https://openalex.org/W4313340220","https://openalex.org/W4315574595","https://openalex.org/W4318475556","https://openalex.org/W4378189197","https://openalex.org/W4379261065","https://openalex.org/W4380872457","https://openalex.org/W4383702675","https://openalex.org/W4387129918","https://openalex.org/W4394614104","https://openalex.org/W4399578142","https://openalex.org/W4399591362","https://openalex.org/W4399637217","https://openalex.org/W4403073958","https://openalex.org/W4407191252","https://openalex.org/W4407518810","https://openalex.org/W4408502036","https://openalex.org/W4414772662","https://openalex.org/W7118368893","https://openalex.org/W7171371708"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7171371708","https://openalex.org/W2202833330","https://openalex.org/W4390744514","https://openalex.org/W7130461819","https://openalex.org/W2229880683","https://openalex.org/W1988332950","https://openalex.org/W6911019610","https://openalex.org/W4312084459","https://openalex.org/W2237429027","https://openalex.org/W2320197046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Land":[0],"use":[1,76],"and":[2,35,54,57,93,113,120,144,181],"climate":[3,36,219],"change":[4,122,183],"are":[5,28],"two":[6],"of":[7,40,51,67,81,129,152,177,208],"the":[8,22,49,64,97,108,115,126,149,156,199,206],"greatest":[9],"threats":[10],"to":[11,211,218],"biodiversity":[12],"globally.":[13],"However,":[14],"their":[15,121,187,216],"interactive":[16,136],"effects":[17,42,133,176],"remain":[18],"poorly":[19],"understood.":[20],"In":[21],"boreal":[23,70],"forest":[24,33,52,71,105,153,202],"biome,":[25],"where":[26],"species":[27,210],"experiencing":[29],"increasing":[30],"pressures":[31],"from":[32],"management":[34],"change,":[37],"improved":[38],"understanding":[39],"these":[41],"is":[43],"urgently":[44],"needed.":[45],"Here,":[46],"we":[47],"assess":[48],"impacts":[50],"loss":[53,154,203],"both":[55,114],"baseline":[56,117,146,161,178],"changing":[58],"late":[59],"spring":[60],"climatic":[61,94,118,212],"conditions":[62,119],"on":[63,155],"extinction":[65,127],"probability":[66,128],"a":[68,77],"threatened":[69],"orchid,":[72],"Calypso":[73],"bulbosa.":[74,131],"We":[75,168],"unique":[78],"dataset":[79],"consisting":[80],"1,006":[82],"C.":[83,130],"bulbosa":[84],"occurrence":[85],"sites":[86],"located":[87],"in":[88,141],"Finland,":[89],"historical":[90],"aerial":[91],"images,":[92],"data":[95],"spanning":[96],"last":[98],"60":[99],"years.":[100],"Our":[101],"results":[102,196],"reveal":[103],"that":[104,201],"loss,":[106],"at":[107],"local":[109],"rather":[110],"than":[111],"landscape-scale,":[112],"site-specific":[116],"over":[123,184],"time":[124],"influence":[125],"These":[132],"were":[134],"mainly":[135],"with":[137,198],"greater":[138,145,160],"temporal":[139],"increase":[140],"rainfall":[142,147],"ameliorating":[143],"exacerbating":[148],"negative":[150,166],"effect":[151],"species\u2019":[157],"persistence.":[158],"Furthermore,":[159],"snow":[162],"depth":[163],"ameliorated":[164],"this":[165],"effect.":[167],"also":[169],"found":[170],"some":[171],"statistical":[172],"support":[173],"for":[174],"independent":[175],"thermal":[179],"sum":[180],"its":[182],"time,":[185],"but":[186],"ecological":[188],"relevance":[189],"was":[190],"interpreted":[191],"as":[192],"minor.":[193],"Overall,":[194],"our":[195],"align":[197],"expectation":[200],"can":[204],"modify":[205],"exposure":[207],"forest-dependent":[209],"conditions,":[213],"thus":[214],"altering":[215],"vulnerability":[217],"change.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00"}