{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7221663017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2026-0386","title":"DSP-assisted 56 Gbps I/Q 16-QAM underwater optical wireless communication link: impact of water turbidity and receiver aperture on BER, EVM, and range","display_name":"DSP-assisted 56 Gbps I/Q 16-QAM underwater optical wireless communication link: impact of water turbidity and receiver aperture on BER, EVM, and range","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7221663017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2026-0386"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/joc-2026-0386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2026-0386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2026-0386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764684264","display_name":"Journal of Optical Communications","issn_l":"0173-4911","issn":["0173-4911","2191-6322"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Optical Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104116595","display_name":"Karamjeet Singh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karamjeet Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering , Shaheed Bhagat Singh State University , Ferozepur , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering , Shaheed Bhagat Singh State University , Ferozepur , India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5155442364","display_name":"Jasbir Sharma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jasbir Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Science and Humanities , Shaheed Bhagat Singh State University , Ferozepur , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Science and Humanities , Shaheed Bhagat Singh State University , Ferozepur , India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157883975","display_name":"Mehtab Singh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101407740","display_name":"Chandigarh University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t4pvx35","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101407740"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehtab Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering , University Institute of Engineering, Chandigarh University , Mohali 140413 , Punjab , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering , University Institute of Engineering, Chandigarh University , Mohali 140413 , Punjab , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101407740"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040443493","display_name":"Amit Grover","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0467-1878","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0467-1878"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Grover","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering , Shaheed Bhagat Singh State University , Ferozepur , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering , Shaheed Bhagat Singh State University , Ferozepur , India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2712},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75626297,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-wireless-optical-communication","display_name":"underwater optical communication","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/16-qam","display_name":"16-QAM","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iq-modulation","display_name":"IQ modulation","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherent-optical-receivers","display_name":"coherent optical receivers","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-equalization","display_name":"adaptive equalization","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset-estimation","display_name":"frequency offset estimation","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-phase-estimation","display_name":"carrier phase estimation","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-turbidity","display_name":"water turbidity","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-aperture","display_name":"receiver aperture","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"bit error rate","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-vector-magnitude","display_name":"error vector magnitude","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-range","display_name":"transmission range","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation-diagram","display_name":"constellation diagram","score":0.37299999594688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.517300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5123000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779385","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","level":2,"score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781305180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098907","display_name":"Optical wireless","level":3,"score":0.49729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.4968999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4772999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.46209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4553999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.41350001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197000039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027432","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","level":3,"score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.382099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64016661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898574","display_name":"Turbidity","level":2,"score":0.36169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169111936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424098","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","level":3,"score":0.35749998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.35429999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3474999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191161701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q559265","display_name":"Optical power","level":3,"score":0.3433000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.33250001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.32739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.32580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107021485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18385577","display_name":"Optical wireless communications","level":4,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132771110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506922","display_name":"Adaptive optics","level":2,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.2809000015258789}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1515/joc-2026-0386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2026-0386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2026-0386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764684264","display_name":"Journal of Optical Communications","issn_l":"0173-4911","issn":["0173-4911","2191-6322"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Optical Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018969547","https://openalex.org/W2336491352","https://openalex.org/W2893106858","https://openalex.org/W3168038410","https://openalex.org/W4323021540","https://openalex.org/W4364296972","https://openalex.org/W4388127756","https://openalex.org/W4391944453","https://openalex.org/W4396623882","https://openalex.org/W4400042004","https://openalex.org/W4405691846","https://openalex.org/W4410993275","https://openalex.org/W4411725663","https://openalex.org/W4412346854"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"paper":[2],"describes":[3],"the":[4,103,106,153,157,176,188],"design":[5],"and":[6,34,48,70,88,96,123,135,140,192],"simulations":[7],"of":[8,76,114,149],"a":[9,74,146],"16-QAM":[10],"in-phase/quadrature":[11],"(I/Q)":[12],"modulated":[13],"underwater":[14],"optical":[15,45,98],"wireless":[16],"communication":[17],"(UOWC)":[18],"link":[19,112],"operating":[20],"at":[21,152,165],"56":[22],"Gbps":[23],"via":[24],"coherent":[25],"receiver":[26,81],"architecture":[27],"using":[28],"adaptive":[29],"equalizer,":[30],"frequency":[31],"offset":[32],"estimation,":[33],"carrier":[35],"phase":[36],"estimation":[37],"for":[38,57,78,126],"minimizing":[39],"turbulence-induced":[40],"impairments.":[41],"The":[42],"trade-off":[43],"between":[44],"collection":[46],"efficiency":[47],"achievable":[49],"range":[50,75,148],"is":[51,142],"quantified":[52],"by":[53],"evaluating":[54],"system":[55],"performance":[56],"five":[58],"representative":[59],"water":[60,104,159],"types":[61],"(pure":[62],"sea,":[63,128],"clear":[64,129],"ocean,":[65,67,130,132],"coastal":[66,131],"Harbor":[68,71,133,136],"I,":[69,134],"II)":[72],"over":[73],"distances":[77],"three":[79],"different":[80],"aperture":[82,109,178],"diameters":[83],"(12":[84],"cm,":[85,87,186],"16":[86],"20":[89,107,185],"cm):":[90],"log(BER),":[91],"error":[92],"vector":[93],"magnitude":[94],"(EVM%),":[95],"received":[97],"power":[99],"(ROP).":[100],"With":[101],"all":[102],"types,":[105],"cm":[108,183],"provides":[110],"maximum":[111],"ranges":[113,155],"124":[115],"m,":[116,118,120,122],"46":[117],"21.75":[119],"9":[121],"5.25":[124],"m":[125],"pure":[127],"II":[137],"water,":[138],"respectively,":[139],"EVM":[141,193],"always":[143],"contained":[144],"within":[145],"narrow":[147],"16.6\u201317.3":[150],"%":[151],"threshold":[154],"across":[156],"various":[158],"types.":[160],"Constellation":[161],"diagrams":[162],"were":[163],"taken":[164],"each":[166],"FEC-limited":[167],"range,":[168],"which":[169],"show":[170],"increasingly":[171],"closer":[172],"symbol":[173],"clustering":[174],"with":[175],"increasing":[177],"size,":[179],"ranging":[180],"from":[181],"12":[182],"to":[184],"supporting":[187],"quantitative":[189],"measured":[190],"BER":[191],"trends.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-15T10:00:46.086208","created_date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00"}