{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7221588069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v219-14","title":"The effect of remote work on labor productivity and wage inequality: an empirical study using large-scale panel data","display_name":"The effect of remote work on labor productivity and wage inequality: an empirical study using large-scale panel data","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7221588069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v219-14"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21003/ea.v219-14","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v219-14","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v219-14","pdf_url":"https://ea21journal.world/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/EA-XXI-V219-14.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227272","display_name":"Economic Annals-\u0425\u0425I","issn_l":"1728-6220","issn":["1728-6220","1728-6239"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","norway-1","poland-40"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economic Annals-\u0425\u0425I","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ea21journal.world/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/EA-XXI-V219-14.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117567880","display_name":"Mamdouh Abdel Latif Al Mawahreh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4638-1846","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4638-1846"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36622005","display_name":"Petra University","ror":"https://ror.org/039d9es10","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36622005"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mamdouh Abdel Latif Al Mawahreh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Petra"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4638-1846","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Petra","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36622005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119884560","display_name":"Abduxamidov Abduraxmon Abdulatif o'g'li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9705-2855","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9705-2855"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399598470","display_name":"Kokand University","ror":"https://ror.org/046q22e19","country_code":"UZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399598470"]}],"countries":["UZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abduraxmon Abduxamidov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kokand University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9705-2855","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kokand University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4399598470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158600377","display_name":"Zarina Khudoykulova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7898-7780","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7898-7780"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zarina Khudoykulova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Banking and Finance Academy of the Republic of Uzbekistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7898-7780","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Banking and Finance Academy of the Republic of Uzbekistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092619137","display_name":"Khosiyat Khujamkulova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4070-6710","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4070-6710"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109462","display_name":"Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers","ror":"https://ror.org/01s4mx151","country_code":"UZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109462"]}],"countries":["UZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khosiyat Khujamkulova","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research University \u00abTashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers\u00bb"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4070-6710","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research University \u00abTashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers\u00bb","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109462"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132921206","display_name":"Jafarov Botir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4179-9985","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4179-9985"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160547875","display_name":"Namangan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00k8k8t47","country_code":"UZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160547875"]}],"countries":["UZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Botir Jafarov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Namangan State University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4179-9985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Namangan State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160547875"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119891036","display_name":"Tursunov Bexzodbek Baxodirovich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3157-0506","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3157-0506"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142509","display_name":"Andijan Institute of Agricultural","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqe1x88","country_code":"UZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142509"]}],"countries":["UZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bekhzodbek Tursunov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3157-0506","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142509"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"219","issue":"1-2","first_page":"109","last_page":"116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.8184000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.8184000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10722","display_name":"Work-Family Balance Challenges","score":0.11990000307559967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":0.009999999776482582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-work","display_name":"remote work","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-productivity","display_name":"labor productivity","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-inequality","display_name":"wage inequality","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gini-coefficient","display_name":"Gini coefficient","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-distribution","display_name":"income distribution","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-based-industries","display_name":"knowledge-based industries","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/it-industry","display_name":"IT industry","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-services","display_name":"financial services","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sectoral-heterogeneity","display_name":"sectoral heterogeneity","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uzbekistan","display_name":"Uzbekistan","score":0.7889999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779206190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162455","display_name":"Gini coefficient","level":4,"score":0.697700023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777061679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135326","display_name":"Telecommuting","level":3,"score":0.6945000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6942999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.6844000220298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.6686000227928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.5934000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.5252000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.5142999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122048520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2913954","display_name":"Percentile","level":2,"score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4383000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513380476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020","display_name":"Economic inequality","level":3,"score":0.40720000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.39480000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.36419999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.35359999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162144332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665305","display_name":"Instrumental variable","level":2,"score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519300510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3915542","display_name":"Income distribution","level":3,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6968784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193835","display_name":"Efficiency wage","level":3,"score":0.33880001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63817138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3455889","display_name":"Quantile regression","level":2,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44970651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17014030","display_name":"Fixed effects model","level":3,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85079727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560114","display_name":"Quarter (Canadian coin)","level":2,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994086107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020","display_name":"Wage inequality","level":3,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21003/ea.v219-14","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v219-14","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v219-14","pdf_url":"https://ea21journal.world/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/EA-XXI-V219-14.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227272","display_name":"Economic Annals-\u0425\u0425I","issn_l":"1728-6220","issn":["1728-6220","1728-6239"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","norway-1","poland-40"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economic Annals-\u0425\u0425I","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21003/ea.v219-14","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v219-14","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v219-14","pdf_url":"https://ea21journal.world/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/EA-XXI-V219-14.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227272","display_name":"Economic Annals-\u0425\u0425I","issn_l":"1728-6220","issn":["1728-6220","1728-6239"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","norway-1","poland-40"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economic Annals-\u0425\u0425I","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.428600013256073,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221588069.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221588069.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2983590536","https://openalex.org/W3015183602","https://openalex.org/W3132945742","https://openalex.org/W3177826347","https://openalex.org/W3200520731","https://openalex.org/W3213858132","https://openalex.org/W3216573614","https://openalex.org/W4200054357","https://openalex.org/W4200449481","https://openalex.org/W4281295035","https://openalex.org/W4291606179","https://openalex.org/W4304823387","https://openalex.org/W4367460213","https://openalex.org/W7144346163","https://openalex.org/W7169728380"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3111859391","https://openalex.org/W4417233206","https://openalex.org/W4389722473","https://openalex.org/W4312922211","https://openalex.org/W4417325527","https://openalex.org/W4402699668","https://openalex.org/W7162657284","https://openalex.org/W4289449379","https://openalex.org/W4415107019","https://openalex.org/W7162268320"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,142,258],"emergence":[1],"of":[2,17,28,35,38,48,57,81,92,103,116,175,268,315],"telework":[3],"due":[4,186],"to":[5,14,65,74,165,187,238,323],"the":[6,15,26,33,36,46,90,106,114,125,132,136,151,154,162,169,176,182,188,213,234,239,244,269,275,279,286,325],"Coronavirus":[7],"pandemic":[8],"raises":[9],"many":[10],"interesting":[11],"questions":[12],"related":[13],"influence":[16,37],"such":[18],"phenomena":[19],"on":[20,40,121,225],"labor":[21,41,227],"productivity":[22,42,115,228,245,281,316],"and":[23,43,85,89,100,123,199,208,246,288,292,297,318,331],"inequality":[24,44,94,242,273],"in":[25,45,61,70,79,150,161,168,178,190,229,271,285,333],"distribution":[27,47],"wages.":[29,104],"In":[30,277],"this":[31],"study,":[32],"problem":[34],"teleworking":[39],"wages":[49],"is":[50,109,138,147,194,303],"studied":[51],"empirically":[52],"using":[53],"a":[54,222,309],"panel":[55],"dataset":[56],"4,250":[58],"employees":[59],"working":[60],"310":[62],"firms":[63],"belonging":[64],"six":[66],"different":[67],"economic":[68],"sectors":[69],"Uzbekistan":[71],"from":[72,145,158,249],"2019":[73],"2024.":[75],"Productivity":[76],"was":[77,185],"defined":[78],"terms":[80],"hourly":[82],"value":[83,156],"added":[84],"supervisor":[86],"rating":[87],"scale,":[88],"measure":[91],"wage":[93,143,247,272],"included":[95],"Gini":[96,179],"coefficient,":[97],"percentile":[98,164],"ratios,":[99],"log":[101],"variance":[102],"From":[105,131],"results,":[107],"it":[108],"evident":[110,304],"that":[111,153,218,261,305],"telecommuting":[112,146],"raised":[113,124],"output":[117],"by":[118,128,255],"6.2":[119],"percent":[120,167,174],"average":[122],"performance":[126],"score":[127],"0.22":[129],"points.":[130],"instrumental":[133],"variable":[134],"estimate,":[135],"effect":[137,144,193,224],"greater":[139],"(7.3":[140],"percent).":[141],"highly":[148],"heterogeneous,":[149],"sense":[152],"coefficient":[155,180],"ranges":[157],"nearly":[159],"zero":[160],"tenth":[163],"11.5":[166],"ninth":[170],"percentile.":[171],"Additionally,":[172],"44":[173],"rise":[177],"during":[181],"period":[183],"examined":[184],"growth":[189,270],"telecommuting.":[191],"This":[192],"significant":[195],"for":[196,205,265],"IT":[197,287],"sector":[198,207],"financial":[200],"sector,":[201],"while":[202,295],"being":[203],"insignificant":[204],"retail":[206,296],"transportation":[209],"sector.":[210],"To":[211],"summarize,":[212],"empirical":[214],"analysis":[215],"clearly":[216],"shows":[217],"remote":[219,250,262,306],"work":[220,251,263,307],"has":[221,308],"strong":[223],"raising":[226],"knowledge-based":[230],"industries":[231,290,299],"but":[232],"at":[233],"same":[235],"time":[236],"leads":[237],"growing":[240],"income":[241],"as":[243,312],"benefits":[248],"are":[252,283,300],"largely":[253],"captured":[254],"high":[256],"earners.":[257],"study":[259],"concludes":[260],"accounts":[264],"about":[266],"44%":[267],"after":[274],"pandemic.":[276],"addition,":[278],"highest":[280],"effects":[282,327],"seen":[284],"finance":[289],"(9.5%":[291],"7.2%,":[293],"respectively),":[294],"transport":[298],"unaffected.":[301],"It":[302],"dual":[310],"role":[311],"an":[313],"instrument":[314],"improvement":[317],"inequality,":[319],"requiring":[320],"some":[321],"policies":[322],"mitigate":[324],"negative":[326],"including":[328],"skill":[329],"development":[330],"investing":[332],"infrastructure,":[334],"among":[335],"others.":[336]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00"}
