{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7221531364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.12862","title":"\\textbf{\\textsc{HepUKE}}: Uncertainty-aware Knowledge Evolution for High Energy Physics Analysis Agents","display_name":"\\textbf{\\textsc{HepUKE}}: Uncertainty-aware Knowledge Evolution for High Energy Physics Analysis Agents","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7221531364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.12862"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.12862","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.12862","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.12862","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.12862","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158502513","display_name":"Zijie Shang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137180","display_name":"Institute of High Energy Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/03v8tnc06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137180"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shang, Zijie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of High Energy Physics , Beijing , China","Lanzhou University , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of High Energy Physics , Beijing , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137180"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lanzhou University , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158431917","display_name":"Ke Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137180","display_name":"Institute of High Energy Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/03v8tnc06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137180"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Ke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of High Energy Physics , Beijing , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of High Energy Physics , Beijing , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137180"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133486542","display_name":"Junkun Jiao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137180","display_name":"Institute of High Energy Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/03v8tnc06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137180"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiao, Junkun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of High Energy Physics , Beijing , China","Jilin University , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of High Energy Physics , Beijing , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137180"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jilin University , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101562420","display_name":"Shengchun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7386-581X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7386-581X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118803816","display_name":"Liaoning University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xpwj629","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118803816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137180","display_name":"Institute of High Energy Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/03v8tnc06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137180"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Shengchun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of High Energy Physics , Beijing , China","Liaoning University , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of High Energy Physics , Beijing , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137180"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liaoning University , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118803816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037013675","display_name":"Changzheng Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2389-8752","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2389-8752"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137180","display_name":"Institute of High Energy Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/03v8tnc06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137180"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan, Changzheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of High Energy Physics , Beijing , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of High Energy Physics , Beijing , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137180"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158523288","display_name":"Xiongfei Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Xiongfei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lanzhou University , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lanzhou University , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158496161","display_name":"Beijiang Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137180","display_name":"Institute of High Energy Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/03v8tnc06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137180"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Beijiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of High Energy Physics , Beijing , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of High Energy Physics , Beijing , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137180"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158426521","display_name":"Weimin Song","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song, Weimin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jilin University , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jilin University , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125363425","display_name":"Xiaoshen Kang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118803816","display_name":"Liaoning University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xpwj629","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118803816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang, Xiaoshen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liaoning University , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liaoning University , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118803816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.22949999570846558,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.22949999570846558,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.21279999613761902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.18050000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shannon-entropy","display_name":"Shannon entropy","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-uncertainties","display_name":"systematic uncertainties","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hotpotqa","display_name":"HotpotQA","score":0.925000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.5974000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5586000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5228000283241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987255567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33002955","display_name":"Knowledge graph","level":2,"score":0.420199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777655017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501161","display_name":"Toolbox","level":2,"score":0.37220001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32230216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7882499","display_name":"Uncertainty quantification","level":2,"score":0.3564999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.34549999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985973956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1617745","display_name":"High energy","level":2,"score":0.3441999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.33880001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9679016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417473","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","level":2,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115925183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412694","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems","level":2,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177803969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29205","display_name":"Uncertainty analysis","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131222","display_name":"Information theory","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.12862","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.12862","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.12862","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2610.12862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.12862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.12862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.12862","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.12862","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.12862","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221531364.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221531364.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483365869","https://openalex.org/W2061292007","https://openalex.org/W2557249489","https://openalex.org/W2952862139","https://openalex.org/W4389520749","https://openalex.org/W4389984066","https://openalex.org/W4391376033","https://openalex.org/W4393160747","https://openalex.org/W4400732384","https://openalex.org/W4401042753","https://openalex.org/W7140146079","https://openalex.org/W7155879246","https://openalex.org/W7160235431","https://openalex.org/W7160336006","https://openalex.org/W7161704131","https://openalex.org/W7164185517","https://openalex.org/W7164517021","https://openalex.org/W7166191649","https://openalex.org/W7206213747","https://openalex.org/W7214405939"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7221827294","https://openalex.org/W7166657907","https://openalex.org/W7172417946","https://openalex.org/W7171708250","https://openalex.org/W7164185517","https://openalex.org/W992193715","https://openalex.org/W7214171931","https://openalex.org/W2024069329","https://openalex.org/W7083704376","https://openalex.org/W7110872774"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knowledge":[0],"bases":[1],"are":[2,134,219],"essential":[3],"to":[4,47,80],"agents":[5],"for":[6,14,25,74],"high":[7],"energy":[8],"physics":[9],"(HEP),":[10],"supplying":[11],"few-shot":[12],"evidence":[13,41],"previously":[15],"unseen":[16],"tasks.":[17],"Their":[18],"principal":[19],"utility":[20],"lies":[21],"in":[22,216],"strategic":[23],"guidance":[24],"novel":[26],"analyses":[27,52,130],"rather":[28],"than":[29],"ready-made":[30],"answers":[31],"or":[32],"reusable":[33],"code.":[34],"Prevailing":[35],"systems,":[36],"however,":[37],"treat":[38],"all":[39],"retrieved":[40],"as":[42],"equally":[43],"trustworthy":[44],"and":[45,87,104,136,194,213],"fail":[46],"accrue":[48],"knowledge":[49,102,141],"from":[50,84,90],"the":[51,60,117,145,167,178,196],"under":[53],"assistance.":[54],"In":[55],"this":[56,217],"paper,":[57],"inspired":[58],"by":[59,187,204],"standard":[61],"HEP":[62,91,109,153],"treatment":[63],"of":[64,120,152],"uncertainty,":[65],"we":[66,96,155],"propose":[67],"\\textbf{\\textsc{\\underline{HepUKE}}}:":[68],"an":[69,157],"\\textbf{\\underline{U}}ncertainty-aware":[70],"\\textbf{\\underline{K}}nowledge":[71],"\\textbf{\\underline{E}}volution":[72],"system":[73],"\\textbf{\\underline{HEP}}":[75],"that":[76,160],"repurposes":[77],"information":[78,118,174],"entropy":[79,119],"unify":[81],"statistical":[82],"uncertainty":[83,89],"LLM":[85],"generation":[86],"systematic":[88],"methodological":[92],"choices.":[93],"Upon":[94],"it,":[95],"construct":[97],"a":[98,106,162,171,207],"self-evolving":[99],"domain-specific-language":[100],"(DSL)":[101],"base":[103],"release":[105],"large-scale":[107],"expert-annotated":[108],"physics-analysis":[110],"benchmark.":[111],"Per-evidence":[112],"confidence":[113],"is":[114],"quantified":[115],"via":[116],"sampled":[121],"DSL":[122],"generations:":[123],"high-confidence":[124],"precedents":[125,133],"constrain":[126],"program":[127],"synthesis,":[128],"whereas":[129],"lacking":[131],"close":[132],"validated":[135],"written":[137],"back,":[138],"sustaining":[139],"continual":[140],"evolution.":[142],"To":[143],"handle":[144],"highly":[146],"redundant":[147],"yet":[148],"logically":[149],"stringent":[150],"nature":[151],"knowledge,":[154],"introduce":[156],"early-stopping":[158],"controller":[159],"fuses":[161],"backward":[163],"stationarity":[164],"test":[165],"on":[166,195],"answer":[168,192],"posterior":[169],"with":[170,206],"forward":[172],"marginal":[173],"gain":[175],"estimate.":[176],"On":[177],"1,000-pair":[179],"BESIII":[180],"PhysicsQA":[181],"benchmark,":[182,199],"HepUKE":[183],"reduces":[184,201],"retrieval":[185,202],"rounds":[186,203],"43.0\\%":[188],"while":[189],"preserving":[190],"most":[191],"quality,":[193],"out-of-domain":[197],"HotpotQA":[198],"it":[200],"14.5\\%":[205],"similar":[208],"quality--efficiency":[209],"trade-off.":[210],"The":[211],"code":[212],"datasets":[214],"used":[215],"work":[218],"available":[220],"at":[221],"https://anonymous.4open.science/r/HepUKE-32FF.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00"}
