{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7221503575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aea4a1","title":"Slowly Rotating M Dwarfs with Unusually Strong Magnetic Fields: Interpreting the Data in Terms of How Stars Acquire Fields and How They Lose Fields","display_name":"Slowly Rotating M Dwarfs with Unusually Strong Magnetic Fields: Interpreting the Data in Terms of How Stars Acquire Fields and How They Lose Fields","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7221503575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aea4a1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aea4a1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aea4a1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aea4a1","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aea4a1/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1980519","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","issn_l":"0004-637X","issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aea4a1/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066822858","display_name":"Dermott J. Mullan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7087-9167","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7087-9167"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. J. Mullan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Delaware"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7087-9167","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Delaware","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066822858"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"],"apc_list":{"value":4499,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4499},"apc_paid":{"value":4499,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4499},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6741603,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1010","issue":"2","first_page":"108","last_page":"108"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10039","display_name":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10039","display_name":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10251","display_name":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10477","display_name":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/m-dwarfs","display_name":"M dwarfs","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stellar-magnetic-fields","display_name":"stellar magnetic fields","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slow-rotation","display_name":"slow rotation","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stellar-dynamo","display_name":"stellar dynamo","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetohydrodynamic-turbulence","display_name":"magnetohydrodynamic turbulence","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronal-mass-ejections","display_name":"coronal mass ejections","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flare-stars","display_name":"flare stars","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stellar-convection","display_name":"stellar convection","score":0.5099999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.9505000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150846664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7602306","display_name":"Stars","level":2,"score":0.8647000193595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.8165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.632099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135757623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719861","display_name":"Dynamo","level":3,"score":0.5680999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164546044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285400","display_name":"Flare star","level":5,"score":0.46549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.4562000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105094362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1269129","display_name":"Dynamo theory","level":4,"score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31532427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2549249","display_name":"Magnetohydrodynamics","level":3,"score":0.39879998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178075534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6232","display_name":"T Tauri star","level":3,"score":0.38769999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3637000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80518518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863936","display_name":"K-type main-sequence star","level":4,"score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88991977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6464","display_name":"Stellar rotation","level":3,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779588948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628261","display_name":"Flare","level":2,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42471609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779048","display_name":"Magnetohydrodynamic drive","level":4,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9411552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185981","display_name":"Rotation period","level":3,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157479481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831","display_name":"Magnetic flux","level":3,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163531172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101600","display_name":"Brown dwarf","level":3,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3756855","display_name":"Accretion (finance)","level":2,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aea4a1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aea4a1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aea4a1","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aea4a1/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1980519","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","issn_l":"0004-637X","issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:udspace.udel.edu:19716/37484","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/37484","pdf_url":"https://udspace.udel.edu/bitstreams/76139614-699b-4980-b993-61e9edbb78cd/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196565","display_name":"Library, Museums and Press - UDSpace (University of Delaware)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","host_organization_name":"University of Delaware","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7553683a61994b9188eb087ab723ea0d","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7553683a61994b9188eb087ab723ea0d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal, Vol 1010, Iss 2, p 108 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aea4a1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aea4a1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aea4a1","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aea4a1/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1980519","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","issn_l":"0004-637X","issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221503575.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221503575.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1850447320","https://openalex.org/W1966310941","https://openalex.org/W1967730767","https://openalex.org/W1977971109","https://openalex.org/W1982968947","https://openalex.org/W1984248358","https://openalex.org/W1985779124","https://openalex.org/W2012393256","https://openalex.org/W2013179067","https://openalex.org/W2019703669","https://openalex.org/W2021081020","https://openalex.org/W2034039186","https://openalex.org/W2041357618","https://openalex.org/W2043804872","https://openalex.org/W2050205724","https://openalex.org/W2056311425","https://openalex.org/W2070011835","https://openalex.org/W2074447679","https://openalex.org/W2082850205","https://openalex.org/W2084066189","https://openalex.org/W2091013083","https://openalex.org/W2114528265","https://openalex.org/W2116289822","https://openalex.org/W2169873600","https://openalex.org/W2554732597","https://openalex.org/W2580208501","https://openalex.org/W2737358421","https://openalex.org/W2811304894","https://openalex.org/W2939797491","https://openalex.org/W2950219907","https://openalex.org/W2992221948","https://openalex.org/W3083766656","https://openalex.org/W3107810629","https://openalex.org/W4223925999","https://openalex.org/W4242088437","https://openalex.org/W4310231318","https://openalex.org/W4388604181","https://openalex.org/W4388791535","https://openalex.org/W4416227821","https://openalex.org/W7101431511","https://openalex.org/W7125798401","https://openalex.org/W7125948634","https://openalex.org/W7131364401","https://openalex.org/W7154489013","https://openalex.org/W7202079576"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388604181","https://openalex.org/W2001866125","https://openalex.org/W4413161071","https://openalex.org/W7155012678","https://openalex.org/W2737358421","https://openalex.org/W7163764186","https://openalex.org/W4221122816","https://openalex.org/W2271510840","https://openalex.org/W4385316069","https://openalex.org/W7020721313"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"L.":[1],"T.":[2],"Lehmann":[3],"et":[4,111],"al.":[5,112],"(2024,":[6],"hereafter":[7],"L24)":[8],"have":[9,124],"reported":[10,107],"on":[11,72,162],"the":[12,28,37,69,129,136,168,171,181,194,197,203,224],"presence":[13,172],"of":[14,27,36,47,62,81,134,173,183,196],"\u201cunusually":[15,199],"strong\u201d":[16],"(20-200":[17],"G)":[18,103],"large-scale":[19],"magnetic":[20,118,139,216,231],"fields":[21],"in":[22,128,144,152,167,176,202],"six":[23,49,74,198],"M":[24,82,89],"dwarfs:":[25],"four":[26],"stars":[29,38,50,137,201,214,229],"are":[30,39,54,77],"probably":[31,40],"completely":[32],"convective,":[33],"while":[34],"two":[35,163],"only":[41],"partially":[42],"convective.":[43],"A":[44],"striking":[45],"feature":[46],"all":[48,55],"is":[51,219],"that":[52,68,126,149],"they":[53],"unusually":[56],"slow":[57,75,95,130],"rotators,":[58],"with":[59,97],"rotational":[60],"periods":[61],"40\u2013190":[63],"days.":[64],"Remarkably,":[65],"L24":[66,123,204],"report":[67],"field":[70,101],"strengths":[71],"these":[73,116],"rotators":[76,131],"\u201csimilar":[78],"to":[79,222],"those":[80,228],"dwarfs":[83],"rotating":[84,121],"significantly":[85],"faster.\u201d":[86],"One":[87],"further":[88],"dwarf":[90],"(YZ":[91],"Ceti)":[92],"which":[93,135,150,227],"combines":[94],"rotation":[96],"an":[98,158],"even":[99],"stronger":[100],"(276":[102],"has":[104],"recently":[105],"been":[106],"by":[108,226],"A.":[109],"Biswas":[110],"To":[113],"account":[114],"for":[115,186],"strongly":[117],"but":[119],"slowly":[120],"stars,":[122],"suggested":[125],"dynamos":[127],"(by":[132],"means":[133],"acquire":[138,215],"fields)":[140],"must":[141],"be":[142],"operating":[143],"a":[145],"different":[146],"regime":[147],"from":[148,190],"operates":[151],"faster":[153],"rotators.":[154],"Here,":[155],"I":[156,206],"suggest":[157],"alternate":[159],"hypothesis":[160],"based":[161],"apparently":[164],"independent":[165],"results":[166],"literature:":[169],"(1)":[170],"\u201crugged":[174],"invariants\u201d":[175],"magnetohydrodynamic":[177],"turbulence,":[178],"and":[179],"(2)":[180],"paucity":[182],"empirical":[184],"evidence":[185],"coronal":[187],"mass":[188],"ejections":[189],"flare":[191],"stars.":[192],"In":[193],"case":[195],"strong-field\u201d":[200],"sample,":[205],"hypothesize":[207],"that,":[208],"as":[209,211],"well":[210],"considering":[212],"how":[213],"fields,":[217],"it":[218],"also":[220],"important":[221],"consider":[223],"processes":[225],"lose":[230],"fields.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00"}
