{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7221457799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1872095","title":"Perceived support from AI health tools and exercise adherence among university students: a three-wave study of exercise self-efficacy and autonomous motivation","display_name":"Perceived support from AI health tools and exercise adherence among university students: a three-wave study of exercise self-efficacy and autonomous motivation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7221457799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1872095","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42935799","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13696255"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1872095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1872095","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1872095","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1872095/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1872095/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158296426","display_name":"Yuchao Lu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchao Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158297345","display_name":"Ruihong Tang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I916048824","display_name":"Hunan First Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00s9d1a36","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I916048824"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruihong Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan First Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan First Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I916048824"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129642463","display_name":"Baijie Zeng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baijie Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158362761","display_name":"Jiazeng Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiazeng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137669592","display_name":"Shaoheng Liang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190242452","display_name":"Guangdong Pharmaceutical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vg7mz57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190242452"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoheng Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Pharmaceutical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Pharmaceutical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190242452"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158352489","display_name":"Degui Fu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Degui Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5158352489"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78585804,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1872095","last_page":"1872095"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11400","display_name":"Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports","score":0.8306000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11400","display_name":"Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports","score":0.8306000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11446","display_name":"Mobile Health and mHealth Applications","score":0.10679999738931656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10352","display_name":"Physical Activity and Health","score":0.02250000089406967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-adherence","display_name":"exercise adherence","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-self-efficacy","display_name":"exercise self-efficacy","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomous-motivation","display_name":"autonomous motivation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-support","display_name":"perceived support","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-behavior","display_name":"exercise behavior","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediation","display_name":"mediation","score":0.3529999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6563000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5627999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181588539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219067","display_name":"Physical exercise","level":2,"score":0.4722999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992147476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219067","display_name":"Moderate exercise","level":2,"score":0.4106999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020255362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747883","display_name":"Physical activity","level":2,"score":0.40869998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.37470000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983876825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9332","display_name":"Health behavior","level":2,"score":0.3571999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133165541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472094","display_name":"Exercise physiology","level":2,"score":0.3353999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985564149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644302","display_name":"Intrinsic motivation","level":2,"score":0.3203999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110131835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153659","display_name":"Self-efficacy","level":2,"score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778087770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297111","display_name":"Social support","level":2,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199027","display_name":"Goal setting","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146854351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1433910","display_name":"Self-determination theory","level":3,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018122547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5690813","display_name":"Health benefits","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1872095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1872095","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1872095","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1872095/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13696255","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13696255/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13696255/pdf/fpsyg-17-1872095.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Psychol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42935799","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42935799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fae8f1c08f964e01a5e277af739ee724","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fae8f1c08f964e01a5e277af739ee724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1872095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1872095","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1872095","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1872095/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221457799.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221457799.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970379931","https://openalex.org/W1992207741","https://openalex.org/W2039111838","https://openalex.org/W2066825285","https://openalex.org/W2078710886","https://openalex.org/W2079937758","https://openalex.org/W2100724317","https://openalex.org/W2111591671","https://openalex.org/W2120612383","https://openalex.org/W2122517769","https://openalex.org/W2131784880","https://openalex.org/W2843010082","https://openalex.org/W2972203331","https://openalex.org/W3028484854","https://openalex.org/W4220736450","https://openalex.org/W4283769289","https://openalex.org/W4321748146","https://openalex.org/W4322485612","https://openalex.org/W4381805620","https://openalex.org/W4391679970","https://openalex.org/W4395021007","https://openalex.org/W4403268910","https://openalex.org/W4404560181","https://openalex.org/W4408144320","https://openalex.org/W4408177420","https://openalex.org/W4409049688","https://openalex.org/W4410304169","https://openalex.org/W4411042315","https://openalex.org/W4412151642","https://openalex.org/W4412727357","https://openalex.org/W4412924727","https://openalex.org/W4412957771","https://openalex.org/W4414239176","https://openalex.org/W4414865703","https://openalex.org/W4416403097","https://openalex.org/W4416554667","https://openalex.org/W4417189323","https://openalex.org/W7118271596","https://openalex.org/W7128776538","https://openalex.org/W7134041488","https://openalex.org/W7154580263"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7220688348","https://openalex.org/W7128776538","https://openalex.org/W7170143788","https://openalex.org/W7160649702","https://openalex.org/W7163911134","https://openalex.org/W7154580263","https://openalex.org/W7148626997","https://openalex.org/W2956138010","https://openalex.org/W647254308","https://openalex.org/W4406982951"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Maintaining":[0],"regular":[1],"exercise":[2,19,28,39,43,77,81,87,95,110,118,126,155,183,187,208,214,226],"is":[3,210,223],"challenging":[4],"for":[5],"many":[6],"university":[7,60],"students,":[8],"and":[9,21,41,45,79,91,94,112,176,185,216,231],"AI-enabled":[10],"health":[11,32,70],"tools":[12,33,71],"are":[13,198],"increasingly":[14],"used":[15],"to":[16],"provide":[17],"individualized":[18],"guidance":[20],"support.":[22],"This":[23],"study":[24],"examined":[25],"whether":[26,42],"perceived":[27,181,206],"support":[29,78,119,184,209],"from":[30],"AI":[31,69,76,117,182,207],"was":[34,56,106,122,135,151,167],"prospectively":[35],"associated":[36,124,137,153,211,224],"with":[37,72,102,108,125,138,154,200,212,225],"later":[38],"adherence":[40,82,96,111,156,188,232],"self-efficacy":[44,88,127,215],"autonomous":[46,92,139,218,229],"motivation":[47,93,140,148,230],"were":[48,65,83,233],"involved":[49],"in":[50,62,204,221],"this":[51],"association.":[52],"A":[53],"three-wave":[54],"survey":[55],"conducted":[57],"among":[58],"438":[59],"students":[61],"China":[63],"who":[64],"existing":[66],"users":[67],"of":[68,252],"exercise-support":[73],"functions.":[74],"Perceived":[75,116],"baseline":[80,109],"assessed":[84],"at":[85,89,97,120,128,141,149,157,236],"T1,":[86],"T2,":[90],"T3.":[98],"Structural":[99],"equation":[100],"modeling":[101],"bias-corrected":[103],"bootstrap":[104],"procedures":[105],"used,":[107],"relevant":[113],"covariates":[114],"controlled.":[115],"T1":[121],"positively":[123,136],"T2":[129],"(\u03b2":[130,143,159,169,191],"=0.36,":[131],"p":[132,145,161,193],"<0.001),":[133],"which":[134,205,220],"T3":[142,150,158,186],"=0.41,":[144],"<0.001).":[146,162],"Autonomous":[147],"concurrently":[152,235],"=0.29,":[160],"The":[163],"serial":[164],"indirect":[165],"association":[166,179,247],"significant":[168,190],"=":[170,194],"0.04,":[171],"95%":[172],"CI":[173],"[0.02,":[174],"0.06]),":[175],"the":[177,238],"direct":[178],"between":[180],"remained":[189],"=0.11,":[192],"0.028).":[195],"These":[196],"findings":[197],"consistent":[199],"a":[201,245,253],"psychological":[202],"sequence":[203],"greater":[213],"more":[217],"motivation,":[219],"turn":[222],"adherence.":[227],"Because":[228],"measured":[234],"T3,":[237],"final":[239],"link":[240],"should":[241],"be":[242],"interpreted":[243],"as":[244,250],"within-wave":[246],"rather":[248],"than":[249],"evidence":[251],"fully":[254],"longitudinal":[255],"causal":[256],"mediation":[257],"process.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00"}
