{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7221353403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjem.tjem_350_26","title":"Interpreting P values in clinical research: A practical guide for clinicians","display_name":"Interpreting P values in clinical research: A practical guide for clinicians","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7221353403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjem.tjem_350_26","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42965220","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13722342"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/tjem.tjem_350_26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjem.tjem_350_26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjem.tjem_350_26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764591159","display_name":"Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine","issn_l":"1304-7361","issn":["1304-7361","2452-2473"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","tr-dizin","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjem.tjem_350_26","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078207248","display_name":"Alp \u015eener","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0583-2936","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0583-2936"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150808","display_name":"Ankara Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ryemn72","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150808"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399598363","display_name":"Ankara Bilkent City Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/033fqnp11","country_code":"TR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399598363"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alp \u015eener","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Emergency Medicine, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye","Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t University, Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0583-2936","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4399598363"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t University, Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150808"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078207248"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150808","https://openalex.org/I4399598363"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70540852,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"4","first_page":"281","last_page":"287"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.7300000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.7300000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.14560000598430634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.10769999772310257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/p-value-interpretation","display_name":"p-value interpretation","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-significance","display_name":"statistical significance","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-intervals","display_name":"confidence intervals","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effect-size","display_name":"effect size","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/study-design","display_name":"research design","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underpowered-studies","display_name":"underpowered studies","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-errors","display_name":"statistical errors","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evidence-based-health-care","display_name":"evidence-based care","score":0.7670000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5532000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44690001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.44190001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.43320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.4023999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3702000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020452639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q454812","display_name":"Clinical judgment","level":2,"score":0.36410000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779318504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035","display_name":"Research design","level":2,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19648533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691640","display_name":"Evidence-based medicine","level":3,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44036329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253255","display_name":"p-value","level":3,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5977147","display_name":"Medical literature","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989179672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6806500","display_name":"Clinical decision making","level":2,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983241795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6806500","display_name":"Medical decision making","level":2,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124056412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3320364","display_name":"Scientific evidence","level":2,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993259228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3320364","display_name":"Statistical evidence","level":3,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4103/tjem.tjem_350_26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjem.tjem_350_26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjem.tjem_350_26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764591159","display_name":"Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine","issn_l":"1304-7361","issn":["1304-7361","2452-2473"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","tr-dizin","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13722342","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13722342/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13722342/pdf/TJEM-26-281.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Turk J Emerg Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42965220","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42965220","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Turkish journal of emergency medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/tjem.tjem_350_26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjem.tjem_350_26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjem.tjem_350_26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764591159","display_name":"Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine","issn_l":"1304-7361","issn":["1304-7361","2452-2473"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","tr-dizin","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221353403.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221353403.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W191064394","https://openalex.org/W1909101599","https://openalex.org/W1965523766","https://openalex.org/W1979607325","https://openalex.org/W1984732538","https://openalex.org/W2029445248","https://openalex.org/W2105824687","https://openalex.org/W2107026277","https://openalex.org/W2293040502","https://openalex.org/W2408017125","https://openalex.org/W2886368623","https://openalex.org/W2922853138","https://openalex.org/W2924950986","https://openalex.org/W4387348861"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4406900119","https://openalex.org/W1973036840","https://openalex.org/W4407140057","https://openalex.org/W2919800657","https://openalex.org/W2568830379","https://openalex.org/W2963004699","https://openalex.org/W3198154479","https://openalex.org/W4391636381","https://openalex.org/W3175911714","https://openalex.org/W1976636524"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract:":[0],"Accurate":[1],"interpretation":[2],"of":[3,20,57,76,96],"medical":[4,134],"literature":[5],"is":[6,119],"essential":[7],"for":[8,43,129],"evidence-based":[9],"clinical":[10,31,115],"practice.":[11],"Among":[12],"statistical":[13,45,101,110,131],"measures,":[14],"the":[15,21,40,74,93],"P":[16,35,78,97],"value":[17],"remains":[18],"one":[19],"most":[22,26],"frequently":[23,27],"used":[24],"and":[25,86,108,123],"misunderstood":[28],"concepts":[29],"in":[30,68,133],"research.":[32],"Conventionally,":[33],"a":[34,126],"<":[36],"0.05":[37],"was":[38],"considered":[39],"primary":[41],"criterion":[42],"determining":[44],"significance.":[46],"However,":[47],"reliance":[48],"on":[49],"this":[50],"threshold":[51],"alone":[52],"may":[53],"lead":[54],"to":[55,63,120],"overestimation":[56],"clinically":[58,65],"unimportant":[59],"findings":[60,132],"or":[61],"failure":[62],"recognize":[64],"meaningful":[66],"effects":[67],"underpowered":[69],"studies.":[70,135],"Recent":[71],"recommendations":[72],"emphasize":[73],"importance":[75],"interpreting":[77],"values":[79],"together":[80],"with":[81,125],"confidence":[82],"intervals,":[83],"effect":[84],"sizes,":[85],"study":[87],"design":[88],"characteristics.":[89],"This":[90],"review":[91],"discusses":[92],"basic":[94],"principles":[95],"values,":[98],"common":[99],"misconceptions,":[100],"errors,":[102],"practices":[103],"that":[104,112],"threaten":[105],"scientific":[106],"validity,":[107],"complementary":[109],"approaches":[111],"can":[113],"improve":[114],"interpretation.":[116],"The":[117],"aim":[118],"provide":[121],"clinicians":[122],"researchers":[124],"practical":[127],"framework":[128],"evaluating":[130]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00"}
