{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7221237462","doi":null,"title":"Clinical, Epidemiological, and Microbiological Profile of Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Cross-Sectional Study","display_name":"Clinical, Epidemiological, and Microbiological Profile of Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Cross-Sectional Study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7221237462"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.pjcm.net:article/1061","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.pjcm.net/index.php/pjcm/article/view/1061","pdf_url":"https://www.pjcm.net/index.php/pjcm/article/download/1061/1401","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764833969","display_name":"Pakistan Journal of Chest medicine","issn_l":"2224-9710","issn":["2224-9710","2309-9844"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2224-9710","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.pjcm.net/index.php/pjcm/article/download/1061/1401","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050478056","display_name":"Khanzada Khan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258497","display_name":"Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan","ror":"https://ror.org/00rq9ec10","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258497"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khan, Khanzada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan \u2013 Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan \u2013 Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258497"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158192847","display_name":"Haidar Ali","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali, Haidar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, District Headquarter Hospital, Mardan \u2013 Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, District Headquarter Hospital, Mardan \u2013 Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132735554","display_name":"Rafi Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5111-3543","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5111-3543"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258497","display_name":"Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan","ror":"https://ror.org/00rq9ec10","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258497"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ullah, Rafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan \u2013 Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan \u2013 Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258497"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158072511","display_name":"Tanveer Khalid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khalid, Tanveer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, District Headquarter Hospital, Mardan \u2013 Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, District Headquarter Hospital, Mardan \u2013 Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10654","display_name":"Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10654","display_name":"Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10147","display_name":"Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2726","display_name":"Microbiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11681","display_name":"Nosocomial Infections in ICU","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-acquired-pneumonia","display_name":"community-acquired pneumonia","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/klebsiella-pneumoniae","display_name":"Klebsiella pneumoniae","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudomonas","display_name":"Pseudomonas","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-resistance","display_name":"antimicrobial resistance","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ceftriaxone-resistance","display_name":"ceftriaxone resistance","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sputum-culture","display_name":"sputum culture","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gram-negative-bacteria","display_name":"Gram-negative bacteria","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comorbidity","display_name":"comorbidities","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease","display_name":"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertension","display_name":"hypertension","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-characteristics","display_name":"clinical features","score":0.5809999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9042999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776301714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259346","display_name":"Sputum","level":3,"score":0.6628000140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777914695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12192","display_name":"Pneumonia","level":2,"score":0.5138000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776780178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199804","display_name":"COPD","level":2,"score":0.5006999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.47350001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779912665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7581635","display_name":"Sputum culture","level":4,"score":0.4577000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777058267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132592","display_name":"Klebsiella pneumoniae","level":4,"score":0.44670000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.43790000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94665300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63391344","display_name":"Antibiotic resistance","level":3,"score":0.43309998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.430400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137627325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156318","display_name":"Etiology","level":2,"score":0.42579999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.42329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777637488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31856","display_name":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa","level":3,"score":0.3772999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114851261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147416","display_name":"Drug resistance","level":2,"score":0.3682999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64778159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271021","display_name":"Cephalosporin","level":3,"score":0.3476000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776933286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132592","display_name":"Klebsiella pneumonia","level":4,"score":0.3425999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776520383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421713","display_name":"Ceftriaxone","level":3,"score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886695","display_name":"Blood culture","level":3,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776315533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241189","display_name":"Acinetobacter baumannii","level":4,"score":0.31690001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420595","display_name":"Tigecycline","level":3,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779116282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131854","display_name":"Klebsiella","level":4,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29374701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931388","display_name":"Cause of death","level":3,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776345407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3776920","display_name":"Bacterial pneumonia","level":3,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778096610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476525","display_name":"Dyslipidemia","level":3,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189539697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125312","display_name":"Microbiological culture","level":3,"score":0.2547000050544739}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.pjcm.net:article/1061","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.pjcm.net/index.php/pjcm/article/view/1061","pdf_url":"https://www.pjcm.net/index.php/pjcm/article/download/1061/1401","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764833969","display_name":"Pakistan Journal of Chest medicine","issn_l":"2224-9710","issn":["2224-9710","2309-9844"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2224-9710","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.pjcm.net:article/1061","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.pjcm.net/index.php/pjcm/article/view/1061","pdf_url":"https://www.pjcm.net/index.php/pjcm/article/download/1061/1401","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764833969","display_name":"Pakistan Journal of Chest medicine","issn_l":"2224-9710","issn":["2224-9710","2309-9844"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2224-9710","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221237462.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221237462.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4223538408","https://openalex.org/W4285492945","https://openalex.org/W4390033779"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7134065139","https://openalex.org/W7162326773","https://openalex.org/W4399906360","https://openalex.org/W4406627111","https://openalex.org/W7204455339","https://openalex.org/W4411698451","https://openalex.org/W4408108957","https://openalex.org/W4321121280","https://openalex.org/W3125838082","https://openalex.org/W7196998644"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Community-acquired":[1],"pneumonia":[2],"(CAP)":[3],"is":[4,49],"a":[5,81,207],"significant":[6],"cause":[7,28],"of":[8,69,135,180,210],"illness":[9],"and":[10,18,24,42,55,66,85,100,110,123,151,170,190,214,223,230],"death":[11],"around":[12],"the":[13,25,61,234],"world,":[14],"especially":[15,227],"in":[16,178,212],"low-":[17],"middle-income":[19],"countries.":[20],"Its":[21],"clinical":[22,62,97],"features":[23],"pathogens":[26,184],"that":[27],"it":[29],"can":[30],"differ":[31],"by":[32,38],"region.":[33],"These":[34],"differences":[35],"are":[36],"affected":[37,143],"existing":[39],"health":[40,158,219],"conditions":[41],"local":[43],"resistance":[44,131,198,238],"patterns.":[45,132],"Knowing":[46],"these":[47],"factors":[48],"crucial":[50],"for":[51,107],"developing":[52],"effective":[53],"diagnosis":[54],"treatment":[56],"methods.":[57,116],"Objective:":[58],"To":[59],"assess":[60],"presentation,":[63],"epidemiological":[64],"characteristics,":[65],"microbiological":[67,115],"etiology":[68],"patients":[70,89],"diagnosed":[71,90],"with":[72,91,217],"community-acquired":[73,92],"pneumonia.":[74,93],"Methodology:":[75],"This":[76],"study":[77,205],"took":[78],"place":[79],"at":[80,162,165,168,172,188,193,201],"tertiary":[82],"care":[83],"hospital":[84],"involved":[86],"160":[87,136],"adult":[88],"We":[94,117],"recorded":[95],"detailed":[96],"histories,":[98],"comorbidities,":[99],"radiological":[101],"findings.":[102],"Sputum":[103,174],"samples":[104],"were":[105,139,146,185,233],"collected":[106],"bacterial":[108],"culture":[109],"sensitivity":[111],"testing":[112],"using":[113],"standard":[114],"interpreted":[118],"antimicrobial":[119],"susceptibility":[120],"following":[121],"Clinical":[122],"Laboratory":[124],"Standards":[125],"Institute":[126],"(CLSI)":[127],"guidelines":[128],"to":[129,148,153,199,239],"identify":[130],"Results:":[133],"Out":[134],"patients,":[137],"76%":[138],"male.":[140],"The":[141,182,204],"most":[142],"age":[144],"groups":[145],"31":[147],"40":[149],"years":[150],"61":[152],"70":[154],"years.":[155],"Common":[156],"other":[157],"issues":[159,220],"included":[160],"hypertension":[161,222],"23.8%,":[163],"smoking":[164],"21.8%,":[166],"COPD":[167],"20%,":[169],"diabetes":[171],"18.7%.":[173],"cultures":[175],"tested":[176],"positive":[177],"45%":[179],"cases.":[181],"leading":[183],"Klebsiella":[186,228],"pneumoniae":[187,229],"44%":[189],"Pseudomonas":[191,231],"spp.":[192],"22%.":[194],"There":[195],"was":[196],"high":[197],"ceftriaxone":[200],"83%.":[202],"Conclusion:":[203],"showed":[206],"heavy":[208],"impact":[209],"CAP":[211],"middle-aged":[213],"older":[215],"men":[216],"common":[218],"like":[221],"COPD.":[224],"Gram-negative":[225],"bacteria,":[226],"spp.,":[232],"main":[235],"pathogens.":[236],"High":[237],"cephalosporins":[240],"restricts":[241],"their":[242],"use.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00"}
