{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7221142702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.756253","title":"Information regimes in population-graph neuroimaging: cohort context and implementation-dependent evaluation sensitivity","display_name":"Information regimes in population-graph neuroimaging: cohort context and implementation-dependent evaluation sensitivity","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7221142702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.756253"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.02.756253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.756253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.756253","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/08/2026.10.02.756253.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/08/2026.10.02.756253.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078825353","display_name":"Herman Z. Q. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1668-5089","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1668-5089"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126924076","display_name":"Chongqing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dcw5w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126924076"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zongqing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Brain-Inspired Cognitive Computing and Educational Rehabilitation for Children with Special Needs, Chongqing Normal University. Chongqing 401331, China","College of Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Interdisciplinary Sciences, Chongqing Normal University. Chongqing 401331, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1668-5089","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Brain-Inspired Cognitive Computing and Educational Rehabilitation for Children with Special Needs, Chongqing Normal University. Chongqing 401331, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126924076"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Interdisciplinary Sciences, Chongqing Normal University. Chongqing 401331, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126924076"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147880536","display_name":"Biantian Yu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126924076","display_name":"Chongqing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dcw5w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126924076"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biantian Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, Chongqing Normal University. Chongqing 401331, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Chongqing Normal University. Chongqing 401331, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126924076"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152365620","display_name":"Keliang Wan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126924076","display_name":"Chongqing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dcw5w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126924076"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keliang Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, Chongqing Normal University. Chongqing 401331, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Chongqing Normal University. Chongqing 401331, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126924076"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158232881","display_name":"Qian Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159428","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pz4ws32","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159428"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Child Health Care, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Chongqing 400014, China","National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition. Chongqing 400014, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Child Health Care, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Chongqing 400014, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159428"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition. Chongqing 400014, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086513526","display_name":"Fanghong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0398-9902","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0398-9902"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126924076","display_name":"Chongqing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dcw5w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126924076"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanghong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Applied Mathematics, Chongqing Normal University. Chongqing 401331, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0398-9902","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Applied Mathematics, Chongqing Normal University. Chongqing 401331, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126924076"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022096691","display_name":"Ning Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7882-8340","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7882-8340","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3939-2812","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6622-5253"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153470267","display_name":"Maebashi Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01x05rm94","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153470267"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology. Gunma 371-0816, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7882-8340","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology. Gunma 371-0816, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153470267"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083968598","display_name":"Hongzhi Kuai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2746-648X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2746-648X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongzhi Kuai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Big Data Intelligent Security, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Big Data Intelligent Computing, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications. Chongqing 400065, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, and the CMEC Key Laboratory of Intelligence Health, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications. Chongqing 400065, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2746-648X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Big Data Intelligent Security, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Big Data Intelligent Computing, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications. Chongqing 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, and the CMEC Key Laboratory of Intelligence Health, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications. Chongqing 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078825353"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126924076"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11304","display_name":"Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-neural-networks","display_name":"graph neural networks","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abide-i","display_name":"ABIDE I","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-connectivity","display_name":"brain connectivity","score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/site-clustering","display_name":"site clustering","score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bootstrap-uncertainty","display_name":"bootstrap uncertainty","score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroimaging-prediction","display_name":"neuroimaging prediction","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproducibility","display_name":"reproducibility","score":0.43299999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.67330002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150921843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1170431","display_name":"Resampling","level":2,"score":0.605400025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6037999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5586000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5001000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4603999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.41190001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.3991999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3968000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.39239999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.3345000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70710897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q680081","display_name":"Separable space","level":2,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.25619998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76188268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783165","display_name":"Context effect","level":3,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141571065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771949","display_name":"Performance measurement","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.02.756253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.756253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.756253","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/08/2026.10.02.756253.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.02.756253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.756253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.756253","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/08/2026.10.02.756253.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221142702.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221142702.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2122457251","https://openalex.org/W2167868121","https://openalex.org/W2522924024","https://openalex.org/W2779020697","https://openalex.org/W2950030754","https://openalex.org/W4210800632","https://openalex.org/W4385827148","https://openalex.org/W4392232009","https://openalex.org/W4398201688","https://openalex.org/W4403280153","https://openalex.org/W4410421713","https://openalex.org/W4415063444","https://openalex.org/W7117465201","https://openalex.org/W7165649166","https://openalex.org/W7165727424","https://openalex.org/W7204007012","https://openalex.org/W7204746723"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7213930234","https://openalex.org/W4392666581","https://openalex.org/W4392666574","https://openalex.org/W3113679058","https://openalex.org/W4384920025","https://openalex.org/W2949319436","https://openalex.org/W7155030483","https://openalex.org/W4413352722","https://openalex.org/W7133219197","https://openalex.org/W7171991135"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Population-graph":[1],"models":[2],"aggregate":[3],"a":[4,63,68],"query":[5],"subject":[6,182],"with":[7,143],"an":[8,50],"unlabeled":[9],"cohort,":[10,77],"so":[11],"their":[12],"reported":[13,159,216],"performance":[14,217],"can":[15],"depend":[16],"on":[17,23,49,191],"the":[18,38,46,76,92,96,103,106,109,114,119,135,137,148,154,171,187,192,196,219,224],"evaluation":[19,220],"regime":[20,222],"rather":[21],"than":[22],"predictive":[24],"information":[25,93,221],"alone.":[26],"Evaluation":[27],"context":[28,39],"has":[29],"two":[30,60,115,120,225],"separable":[31],"axes:":[32],"cohort":[33,52,233],"visibility":[34],"during":[35],"training":[36,83,128],"and":[37,67,82,84,90,125,129,141,157,183,195,207,228],"available":[40,94],"at":[41],"inference":[42],".":[43],"We":[44],"study":[45],"training-time":[47],"axis":[48],"ABIDE-I":[51],"of":[53,113,232],"871":[54],"subjects":[55],"(20":[56],"acquisition":[57],"sites),":[58],"comparing":[59],"population-graph":[61],"implementations:":[62],"learned/adaptive":[64],"graph":[65,71,97],"(EV-GCN)":[66],"static":[69],"weighted":[70],"(Parisot-GCN).":[72],"Within":[73],"each":[74,178],"implementation":[75],"connectivity":[78],"features,":[79],"outer":[80,122],"splits":[81,123],"selection":[85,130],"rules":[86,131],"are":[87,189,200,204],"held":[88],"fixed,":[89],"only":[91],"to":[95,170,218],"varies.":[98],"The":[99],"primary":[100],"estimand":[101],"is":[102,139,158,175,211],"implementation-by-training-context":[104],"interaction,":[105],"difference":[107],"between":[108],"P0-to-P1":[110],"AUC":[111],"changes":[112],"implementations":[116,226],"(\u0394\u0394AUC).":[117],"Across":[118],"preselected":[121],"(1024":[124],"2024),":[126],"whose":[127],"were":[132],"fixed":[133,193],"before":[134],"run,":[136],"direction":[138,156],"consistent":[140],"positive,":[142],"observed":[144],"inter-action":[145],"range":[146],"0.06285\u20130.11967;":[147],"earlier":[149],"audited":[150],"split":[151,179],"666":[152],"shows":[153],"same":[155,172],"as":[160],"historical":[161],"support,":[162],"because":[163],"its":[164],"execution":[165],"identity":[166],"cannot":[167],"be":[168],"established":[169],"standard.":[173],"Uncertainty":[174],"assessed":[176],"within":[177],"by":[180],"paired":[181],"site-cluster":[184],"bootstrap":[185],"resampling;":[186],"intervals":[188],"conditional":[190],"partitions":[194],"trained":[197],"checkpoints.":[198],"Splits":[199],"replication":[201],"units:":[202],"they":[203],"not":[205],"pooled":[206],"no":[208],"cross-split":[209],"average":[210],"reported.":[212],"These":[213],"findings":[214],"tie":[215],"in":[223],"compared,":[227],"motivate":[229],"explicit":[230],"reporting":[231],"visibility.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00"}