{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7221053142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-74449-9","title":"Pre-diagnostic low muscle mass and sarcopenia associated with subsequent cancer in Chinese adults: a longitudinal CHARLS study","display_name":"Pre-diagnostic low muscle mass and sarcopenia associated with subsequent cancer in Chinese adults: a longitudinal CHARLS study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7221053142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-74449-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-74449-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-74449-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-74449-9","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-74449-9_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-74449-9_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157889295","display_name":"Wensi Zhao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140357","display_name":"Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ekhbz91","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140357"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wensi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140357"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157982323","display_name":"Xinyu Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140357","display_name":"Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ekhbz91","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140357"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140357"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100684404","display_name":"Xiang Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9019-7246","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9019-7246","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8278-3533","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0756-1460"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140357","display_name":"Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ekhbz91","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140357"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140357"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157921343","display_name":"Nan Zhao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160344","display_name":"Tongji Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04xy45965","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160344"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oncology, Taikang Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oncology, Taikang Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160344"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157916500","display_name":"Huilin Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131162","display_name":"Fifth Hospital In Wuhan","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpna219","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131162"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huilin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oncology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oncology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131162"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157959553","display_name":"Dedong Cao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140357","display_name":"Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ekhbz91","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140357"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dedong Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140357"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5157959553"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140357"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74579946,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10397","display_name":"Nutrition and Health in Aging","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10397","display_name":"Nutrition and Health in Aging","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11011","display_name":"Frailty in Older Adults","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2717","display_name":"Geriatrics and Gerontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10441","display_name":"Muscle Physiology and Disorders","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sarcopenia","display_name":"sarcopenia","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-muscle-mass","display_name":"low muscle mass","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/appendicular-skeletal-muscle-mass","display_name":"appendicular skeletal muscle mass","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handgrip-strength","display_name":"grip strength","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-risk","display_name":"cancer risk","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-aged-and-older-adults","display_name":"middle-aged and older adults","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-adults","display_name":"Chinese adults","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china-health-and-retirement-longitudinal-study","display_name":"China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weight-change","display_name":"weight change","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimated-glomerular-filtration-rate","display_name":"estimated glomerular filtration rate","score":0.7739999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1787939","display_name":"Sarcopenia","level":2,"score":0.8766999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7232999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.6146000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992343062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048687","display_name":"Muscle mass","level":2,"score":0.6051999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777895361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758614","display_name":"Longitudinal study","level":2,"score":0.595300018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5058000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.3977999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779959927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048687","display_name":"Skeletal muscle","level":2,"score":0.358599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988918651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048687","display_name":"Muscle strength","level":2,"score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71472368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676880","display_name":"Text mining","level":2,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776418732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270421","display_name":"Muscle weakness","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.2522999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019816032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2575340","display_name":"Cancer treatment","level":3,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-74449-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-74449-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-74449-9","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-74449-9_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:52d85faac7674564a4d9bbf70ddb2061","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/52d85faac7674564a4d9bbf70ddb2061","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports, Vol 16, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-74449-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-74449-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-74449-9","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-74449-9_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221053142.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7221053142.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998867833","https://openalex.org/W2118558111","https://openalex.org/W2128573775","https://openalex.org/W2156229108","https://openalex.org/W2268912046","https://openalex.org/W2473088321","https://openalex.org/W2801380455","https://openalex.org/W2913385019","https://openalex.org/W2952416899","https://openalex.org/W2981414419","https://openalex.org/W3000072669","https://openalex.org/W3005437800","https://openalex.org/W3023592935","https://openalex.org/W3129636236","https://openalex.org/W3201595862","https://openalex.org/W4386517603","https://openalex.org/W4386946672","https://openalex.org/W4388989692","https://openalex.org/W4389962845","https://openalex.org/W4391323308","https://openalex.org/W4394601106","https://openalex.org/W4398167348","https://openalex.org/W4410412259","https://openalex.org/W4411102123","https://openalex.org/W4412725139"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3025232892","https://openalex.org/W2948886001","https://openalex.org/W4399143430","https://openalex.org/W4409762550","https://openalex.org/W4315619804","https://openalex.org/W4378528562","https://openalex.org/W4377220341","https://openalex.org/W4386915300","https://openalex.org/W3045396186","https://openalex.org/W4410562765"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Loss":[0],"of":[1,389],"skeletal":[2,100],"muscle":[3,18,83,93,101,116,265,308,326,360],"may":[4],"reflect":[5],"systemic":[6],"physiological":[7],"compromise":[8],"before":[9,366],"cancer":[10,32,62,74,86,225,231,245,294,369,391],"is":[11],"clinically":[12],"recognized.":[13],"We":[14,39],"examined":[15],"whether":[16],"low":[17,264,307,325,379],"mass,":[19],"sarcopenia,":[20],"and":[21,35,43,153,186,201,208,252,279,310,333,354,362,387],"deterioration":[22],"in":[23,33,63,76,88,107,113,126,132,232,239,355],"these":[24,394],"phenotypes":[25],"were":[26,65,151,253,289,371],"associated":[27,290,372],"with":[28,169,291,304,316,373],"subsequent":[29,374],"first":[30,73,223,229,293,368],"self-reported":[31,375,383],"middle-aged":[34],"older":[36,58],"Chinese":[37],"adults.":[38],"analyzed":[40],"China":[41],"Health":[42],"Retirement":[44],"Longitudinal":[45],"Study":[46],"(CHARLS)":[47],"data":[48],"from":[49],"2011":[50,64],"to":[51,143],"2020.":[52,91,235],"Adults":[53],"aged":[54],"45":[55],"years":[56],"or":[57,78,90,109,128,234,405],"who":[59],"reported":[60,224,230],"no":[61],"eligible.":[66],"The":[67,148,162,345],"primary":[68,163,260],"pre-diagnostic":[69,241,398],"risk":[70,242],"set":[71,243],"excluded":[72],"reports":[75],"2013":[77],"2015,":[79],"ensuring":[80],"that":[81],"2015":[82,263],"status":[84,246],"preceded":[85],"reporting":[87,297],"2018":[89,233],"Low":[92,115,359],"mass":[94,102,195,266,309,327,361],"was":[95,118,135,298],"defined":[96,119],"as":[97,120,256],"height-adjusted":[98],"appendicular":[99],"(ASM/height\u00b2)":[103],"<":[104,110,123,129],"6.8":[105],"kg/m\u00b2":[106,112],"men":[108,127],"5.69":[111],"women.":[114,133],"strength":[117,122],"grip":[121],"28":[124],"kg":[125,131],"18":[130],"Sarcopenia":[134],"identified":[136],"using":[137],"the":[138,144,172,240,259,342,378],"composite":[139],"c2015_sarcopenia":[140,154],"indicator":[141],"according":[142],"prespecified":[145],"sarcopenia":[146,280,335,364],"definition.":[147],"analysis":[149,164,212],"variables":[150],"c2015_lowmusclemass":[152],"(0":[155],"=":[156,159,277,287],"no,":[157],"1":[158],"yes,":[160],"null=unknown/unavailable).":[161],"used":[165],"wave-based":[166],"Cox":[167,261],"regression":[168],"censoring":[170],"at":[171,220,248],"last":[173],"observed":[174],"cancer-status":[175],"wave.":[176],"Models":[177],"adjusted":[178],"for":[179,302,314],"demographic":[180],"factors,":[181],"smoking,":[182],"drinking,":[183],"hypertension,":[184],"diabetes,":[185],"dyslipidemia;":[187],"expanded":[188,351],"sensitivity":[189],"models":[190,207],"additionally":[191],"considered":[192],"baseline":[193],"body":[194],"index,":[196],"estimated":[197],"glomerular":[198],"filtration":[199],"rate,":[200],"2011\u20132015":[202],"weight":[203],"change.":[204],"Firth":[205,357],"logistic":[206],"a":[209,367,397,403],"2020-only":[210],"longer-lag":[211,356],"assessed":[213],"rare-event":[214],"robustness.":[215],"Among":[216],"10,407":[217],"cancer-free":[218],"participants":[219,238,303],"baseline,":[221],"254":[222],"during":[226],"follow-up;":[227],"212":[228],"Only":[236],"22":[237],"had":[244],"missing":[247],"both":[249],"target":[250],"waves":[251],"not":[254],"classified":[255],"cancer-free.":[257],"In":[258,320],"models,":[262,323],"(hazard":[267],"ratio":[268],"[HR]":[269],"2.02,":[270],"95%":[271,283,330,338],"confidence":[272],"interval":[273],"[CI]":[274],"1.10\u20133.71;":[275],"P":[276,286],"0.023)":[278],"(HR":[281,328,336],"2.33,":[282],"CI":[284,331,339],"1.17\u20134.66;":[285],"0.016)":[288],"later":[292],"reporting.":[295],"Cumulative":[296],"3.39%":[299],"versus":[300,305,312,317],"1.87%":[301],"without":[306,318],"4.00%":[311],"1.90%":[313],"those":[315],"sarcopenia.":[319],"four-level":[321],"transition":[322],"new/worsened":[324,334],"3.45,":[329],"1.44\u20138.25)":[332],"4.31,":[337],"1.80-10.32)":[340],"showed":[341],"strongest":[343],"associations.":[344],"findings":[346,395],"remained":[347],"directionally":[348],"consistent":[349],"after":[350],"confounder":[352],"adjustment":[353],"analyses.":[358],"worsening":[363],"measured":[365],"report":[370],"cancer.":[376],"Given":[377],"absolute":[380],"event":[381],"rates,":[382],"outcome,":[384],"residual":[385],"confounding,":[386],"possibility":[388],"occult":[390],"preceding":[392],"recognition,":[393],"support":[396],"vulnerability":[399],"phenotype":[400],"rather":[401],"than":[402],"causal":[404],"screening":[406],"interpretation.":[407]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00"}
