{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7221036717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29724-9","title":"Mapping sex-based absolute inequalities in tuberculosis incidence across countries in the WHO South-East Asia and Western Pacific regions","display_name":"Mapping sex-based absolute inequalities in tuberculosis incidence across countries in the WHO South-East Asia and Western Pacific regions","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7221036717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29724-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-026-29724-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29724-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29724-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29724-9","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123469997","display_name":"Ziwen Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183519381","display_name":"Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xs5b60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107581","display_name":"Beijing Chest Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01espdw89","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107581"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziwen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China","Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183519381","https://openalex.org/I4210107581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115592276","display_name":"Ke Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0089-1410","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0089-1410","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9738-6655","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4529-3356"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183519381","display_name":"Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xs5b60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107581","display_name":"Beijing Chest Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01espdw89","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107581"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183519381","https://openalex.org/I4210107581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157893713","display_name":"Wei Shu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183519381","display_name":"Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xs5b60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107581","display_name":"Beijing Chest Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01espdw89","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107581"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183519381","https://openalex.org/I4210107581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102423851","display_name":"Yuxian Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183519381","display_name":"Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xs5b60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107581","display_name":"Beijing Chest Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01espdw89","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107581"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxian Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183519381","https://openalex.org/I4210107581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124974262","display_name":"Zhili Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183519381","display_name":"Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xs5b60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107581","display_name":"Beijing Chest Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01espdw89","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107581"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhili Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China","Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183519381","https://openalex.org/I4210107581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157932044","display_name":"Lijie Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183519381","display_name":"Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xs5b60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107581","display_name":"Beijing Chest Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01espdw89","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107581"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183519381","https://openalex.org/I4210107581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102346898","display_name":"Jian Du","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183519381","display_name":"Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xs5b60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107581","display_name":"Beijing Chest Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01espdw89","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107581"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183519381","https://openalex.org/I4210107581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157962620","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183519381","display_name":"Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xs5b60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107581","display_name":"Beijing Chest Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01espdw89","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107581"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China","Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, District 1, No.9 Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183519381","https://openalex.org/I4210107581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, District 1, No.9 Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183519381","https://openalex.org/I4210107581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157950960","display_name":"Liang Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183519381","display_name":"Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xs5b60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107581","display_name":"Beijing Chest Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01espdw89","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107581"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China","Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, District 1, No.9 Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, China","Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183519381","https://openalex.org/I4210107581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, District 1, No.9 Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183519381","https://openalex.org/I4210107581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129876404","display_name":"Leiwen Fu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183519381","display_name":"Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xs5b60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107581","display_name":"Beijing Chest Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01espdw89","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107581"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leiwen Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China","Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, District 1, No.9 Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183519381","https://openalex.org/I4210107581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, District 1, No.9 Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183519381","https://openalex.org/I4210107581"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5129876404","https://openalex.org/A5157950960","https://openalex.org/A5157962620"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455","https://openalex.org/I183519381","https://openalex.org/I4210107581"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76414068,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13586","display_name":"HIV, TB, and STIs Epidemiology","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10556","display_name":"Global Cancer Incidence and Screening","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis","display_name":"tuberculosis","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absolute-inequality","display_name":"absolute inequality","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-incidence","display_name":"tuberculosis incidence","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-equity","display_name":"health equity","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-disparities","display_name":"gender disparities","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-level","display_name":"income level","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philippines","display_name":"Philippines","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mongolia","display_name":"Mongolia","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nauru","display_name":"Nauru","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/palau","display_name":"Palau","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bhutan","display_name":"Bhutan","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/samoa","display_name":"Samoa","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myanmar","display_name":"Myanmar","score":0.3790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-sensitive-interventions","display_name":"gender-sensitive interventions","score":0.43700000643730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6654000282287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.614300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140556311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214746","display_name":"Biostatistics","level":3,"score":0.6003000140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.5586000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.47760000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777487392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q481201","display_name":"Absolute (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.38339999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.367900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46578552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725393","display_name":"Global health","level":3,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993083740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7897815","display_name":"Geographic variation","level":3,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777216955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18351911","display_name":"International comparisons","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-026-29724-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29724-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29724-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-026-29724-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29724-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29724-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9922999739646912},{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.6025999784469604}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2530723370","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-2-010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323114","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Health Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G514382102","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82504532","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G833267295","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024-03-11","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323114","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Health Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323114","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Health Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/0374a5s68"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4410955280","https://openalex.org/W7138923194","https://openalex.org/W2122893439","https://openalex.org/W4315488061","https://openalex.org/W7221886236","https://openalex.org/W7131293424","https://openalex.org/W7161578253","https://openalex.org/W7114766694","https://openalex.org/W2045786588","https://openalex.org/W7202264651"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tuberculosis":[0],"(TB)":[1],"remains":[2],"one":[3],"of":[4,32,110,142,211,220,229,244,281,359],"the":[5,18,30,62,71,82,108,138,160,174,178,188,216,226,237,240,257,262,277,321,356],"most":[6,179],"severe":[7],"global":[8],"public":[9,49],"health":[10,50],"challenges,":[11],"imposing":[12],"a":[13],"heavy":[14],"disease":[15],"burden":[16],"on":[17],"South-East":[19,63,322],"Asia":[20,64,323],"and":[21,59,65,131,140,201,222,233,251,268,279,294,298,311,324,343],"Western":[22,66,325],"Pacific":[23,67,326],"regions.":[24,158,327],"This":[25,52],"study":[26,53],"aims":[27],"to":[28,42,106,135,171,333,355],"assess":[29,136],"magnitude":[31,139,280],"absolute":[33,93,259,313,335],"sex-related":[34,111,143,314],"inequalities":[35,144,315],"in":[36,61,151,184,261,296,316,320],"TB":[37,83,152,317,341],"incidence":[38,84,100,153,168,207,232,318],"within":[39],"these":[40],"regions":[41],"provide":[43],"empirical":[44],"evidence":[45],"for":[46,120],"developing":[47],"targeted":[48],"policies.":[51],"analyzed":[54],"data":[55],"from":[56,70,305],"36":[57,161],"countries":[58],"areas":[60],"regions,":[68],"sourced":[69],"WHO":[72],"Health":[73],"Equity":[74],"Monitor":[75],"database.":[76],"The":[77,92],"primary":[78],"outcome":[79],"indicator":[80],"was":[81,104],"rate":[85],"per":[86],"100,000":[87],"population,":[88],"stratified":[89],"by":[90,146],"sex.":[91],"inequality":[94,337],"measure,":[95],"Difference":[96],"(D":[97,190,194,198,203,253],"=":[98,191,195,199,204,254],"female":[99,206],"-":[101],"male":[102,167],"incidence),":[103],"employed":[105],"quantify":[107],"extent":[109],"inequality.":[112],"In":[113],"addition,":[114],"D":[115,282,302],"values":[116,303],"were":[117,154,283,291],"calculated":[118],"separately":[119],"eight":[121],"age":[122,287,306],"groups":[123],"(0\u20134,":[124],"5\u201314,":[125],"15\u201324,":[126],"25\u201334,":[127],"35\u201344,":[128],"45\u201354,":[129],"55\u201364,":[130],"\u2265":[132],"65":[133],"years)":[134],"whether":[137],"direction":[141,278],"varied":[145],"age.":[147],"Significant":[148,310],"sex":[149,181,234,336],"disparities":[150,260],"observed":[155],"across":[156,286],"both":[157],"Among":[159],"included":[162],"countries,":[163,186,271],"31":[164],"exhibited":[165],"higher":[166],"rates":[169,208],"compared":[170],"females,":[172],"with":[173],"Philippines":[175,247],"(D=-513.5)":[176],"demonstrating":[177],"pronounced":[180],"disparity.":[182],"Conversely,":[183],"four":[185],"including":[187],"Nauru":[189,252],"90.4),":[192],"Palau":[193],"47.4),":[196],"Bhutan":[197],"20.7),":[200],"Samoa":[202],"1.9),":[205],"surpassed":[209],"those":[210],"males.":[212],"Countries":[213],"such":[214],"as":[215],"Democratic":[217,241],"People\u2019s":[218,242],"Republic":[219,243],"Korea":[221,245],"Myanmar":[223],"simultaneously":[224],"face":[225],"dual":[227],"challenges":[228],"high":[230,269],"overall":[231],"imbalance.":[235],"At":[236],"income":[238,270],"level,":[239],"(D=-254.9),":[246],"(D=-513.5),":[248],"Mongolia":[249],"(D=-424.0),":[250],"90.4)":[255],"recorded":[256],"highest":[258],"low-income,":[263],"lower":[264],"middle-income,":[265],"upper":[266],"middle-income":[267],"respectively.":[272],"Age-specific":[273],"analysis":[274],"showed":[275],"that":[276],"not":[284],"constant":[285],"groups.":[288],"Sex":[289],"differences":[290],"generally":[292],"small":[293],"heterogeneous":[295,312],"childhood":[297],"adolescence,":[299],"whereas":[300],"negative":[301],"predominated":[304],"25":[307],"years":[308],"onward.":[309],"exist":[319],"There":[328],"is":[329],"an":[330],"urgent":[331],"need":[332],"integrate":[334],"indicators":[338],"into":[339],"routine":[340],"monitoring":[342],"evaluation":[344],"frameworks.":[345],"Future":[346],"interventions":[347],"should":[348],"highly":[349],"gender-sensitive,":[350],"implementing":[351],"specific":[352],"strategies":[353],"tailored":[354],"population":[357],"characteristics":[358],"different":[360],"areas.":[361]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00"}