{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220998253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1953668","title":"Comparative effects of different exercise training modalities on exercise capacity, pulmonary function, and health-related quality of life in patients with interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","display_name":"Comparative effects of different exercise training modalities on exercise capacity, pulmonary function, and health-related quality of life in patients with interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220998253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1953668","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42923358","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13687353"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1953668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1953668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1953668","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1953668/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597052008","display_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","issn_l":"2296-858X","issn":["2296-858X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1953668/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157984331","display_name":"Yaozong Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098460","display_name":"Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00z27jk27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149132","display_name":"Shuguang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03n35e656","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149132"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaozong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460","https://openalex.org/I4210149132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157934043","display_name":"Jian Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098460","display_name":"Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00z27jk27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134201917","display_name":"Shujuan Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098460","display_name":"Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00z27jk27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149132","display_name":"Shuguang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03n35e656","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149132"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shujuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460","https://openalex.org/I4210149132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153289787","display_name":"Fan Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098460","display_name":"Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00z27jk27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149132","display_name":"Shuguang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03n35e656","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149132"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460","https://openalex.org/I4210149132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157919030","display_name":"Wei Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098460","display_name":"Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00z27jk27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149132","display_name":"Shuguang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03n35e656","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149132"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine","Wei Zhang Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio, Shanghai Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460","https://openalex.org/I4210149132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wei Zhang Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio, Shanghai Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5157919030"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098460","https://openalex.org/I4210149132"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56918082,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"1953668","last_page":"1953668"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10870","display_name":"Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis","score":0.8535000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10870","display_name":"Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis","score":0.8535000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11209","display_name":"Cardiovascular and exercise physiology","score":0.07750000059604645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.03669999912381172,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interstitial-lung-disease","display_name":"interstitial lung disease","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-rehabilitation","display_name":"pulmonary rehabilitation","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-training","display_name":"exercise training","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerobic-exercise","display_name":"aerobic exercise","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistance-training","display_name":"resistance training","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inspiratory-muscle-training","display_name":"inspiratory muscle training","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breathing-exercises","display_name":"breathing exercises","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mind-body-exercise","display_name":"mind-body exercise","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-capacity","display_name":"exercise capacity","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/6-minute-walk-distance","display_name":"6-minute walk distance","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-function","display_name":"lung function","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forced-vital-capacity","display_name":"forced vital capacity","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-related-quality-of-life","display_name":"health-related quality of life","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/st-george-s-respiratory-questionnaire","display_name":"St George's Respiratory Questionnaire","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-meta-analysis","display_name":"network meta-analysis","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circumstantial-evidence","display_name":"circumstantial evidence","score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-of-bias-assessment","display_name":"risk of bias assessment","score":0.5509999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8421000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.6883000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.6054999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780779891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3455927","display_name":"Pulmonary rehabilitation","level":3,"score":0.5519000291824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.5188000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5083000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.4975000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103038586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152037","display_name":"Aerobic exercise","level":2,"score":0.46070000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.42809998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.3944999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39300077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9530","display_name":"Breathing","level":2,"score":0.35249999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27101514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206120","display_name":"Lung volumes","level":3,"score":0.3398999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.32710000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111278954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069312","display_name":"Minimal clinically important difference","level":3,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777543607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153419","display_name":"Interstitial lung disease","level":3,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992361435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60354","display_name":"Aerobic capacity","level":2,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781444488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2756206","display_name":"High-intensity interval training","level":2,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67774102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614132","display_name":"Number needed to treat","level":4,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909060799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9530","display_name":"Breathing exercises","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777973682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1558681","display_name":"Interval training","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123550912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12834857","display_name":"Strength training","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1953668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1953668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1953668","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1953668/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597052008","display_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","issn_l":"2296-858X","issn":["2296-858X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13687353","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13687353/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13687353/pdf/fmed-13-1953668.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Med (Lausanne)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42923358","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42923358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9e6266e3167a4c079dee3195dd06c135","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9e6266e3167a4c079dee3195dd06c135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine, Vol 13 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1953668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1953668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1953668","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1953668/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597052008","display_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","issn_l":"2296-858X","issn":["2296-858X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-Analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220998253.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220998253.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1617328014","https://openalex.org/W1973615532","https://openalex.org/W2004474087","https://openalex.org/W2010699829","https://openalex.org/W2018442240","https://openalex.org/W2032506622","https://openalex.org/W2033451677","https://openalex.org/W2064164967","https://openalex.org/W2096204320","https://openalex.org/W2117717444","https://openalex.org/W2129887930","https://openalex.org/W2138165175","https://openalex.org/W2170892587","https://openalex.org/W2301609321","https://openalex.org/W2319552879","https://openalex.org/W2587955248","https://openalex.org/W2591201074","https://openalex.org/W2790134139","https://openalex.org/W2890703037","https://openalex.org/W2946014641","https://openalex.org/W2955528744","https://openalex.org/W2970684805","https://openalex.org/W3015163167","https://openalex.org/W3028161951","https://openalex.org/W3104373231","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3137629607","https://openalex.org/W3157160398","https://openalex.org/W3186089667","https://openalex.org/W3192497139","https://openalex.org/W3199990935","https://openalex.org/W3203638840","https://openalex.org/W3211539277","https://openalex.org/W4206347002","https://openalex.org/W4210286805","https://openalex.org/W4225274104","https://openalex.org/W4243747196","https://openalex.org/W4286835144","https://openalex.org/W4362523248","https://openalex.org/W4385200761","https://openalex.org/W4385827631","https://openalex.org/W4394997612","https://openalex.org/W4399916804","https://openalex.org/W4401499535","https://openalex.org/W4406063224","https://openalex.org/W4413353429","https://openalex.org/W4415791477","https://openalex.org/W4416746542","https://openalex.org/W4417017071","https://openalex.org/W7117467017","https://openalex.org/W7119595535","https://openalex.org/W7148510733","https://openalex.org/W7221787461"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4412688844","https://openalex.org/W2587955248","https://openalex.org/W4387981702","https://openalex.org/W4406063224","https://openalex.org/W2123612098","https://openalex.org/W2970863685","https://openalex.org/W6893131675","https://openalex.org/W2138165175","https://openalex.org/W2890703037","https://openalex.org/W7140047173"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Exercise":[1,257],"training":[2,53,65,70,73,80,87,258],"is":[3],"central":[4],"to":[5,44,137,174],"pulmonary":[6,30],"rehabilitation":[7],"for":[8,169,177,247,279,293],"interstitial":[9],"lung":[10],"disease":[11,307],"(ILD),":[12],"but":[13,281],"the":[14,145,250,276,289],"comparative":[15],"effects":[16,26],"of":[17,35,51,140,268,306],"different":[18],"exercise":[19,28,52,90,261],"modalities":[20,160],"remain":[21],"uncertain.":[22],"We":[23],"compared":[24],"their":[25],"on":[27,208],"capacity,":[29],"function,":[31],"and":[32,113,133,142,195,232,237,263,299],"health-related":[33,266],"quality":[34,267],"life.":[36],"Methods:":[37],"Six":[38],"databases":[39],"were":[40,58,61,129,135,153,249],"searched":[41],"from":[42,166],"inception":[43],"June":[45],"11,":[46],"2026.":[47],"Randomized":[48],"controlled":[49],"trials":[50,149],"in":[54,101,144,217,270],"adults":[55,271],"with":[56,124,156,163,229,272],"ILD":[57],"included.":[59,154],"Interventions":[60],"classified":[62],"as":[63,288,304],"aerobic":[64,67,82],"(AER),":[66],"plus":[68,83,85],"resistance":[69,84],"(AER_RES),":[71],"respiratory-focused":[72],"comprising":[74],"breathing":[75,86],"exercises":[76],"or":[77,92],"inspiratory":[78],"muscle":[79],"(BREATH_IMT),":[81],"(AER_RES_BREATH),":[88],"mind-body":[89],"(MIND_BODY),":[91],"control":[93],"(CON).":[94],"Frequentist":[95],"random-effects":[96],"network":[97],"meta-analyses":[98],"evaluated":[99],"changes":[100],"6-min":[102],"walk":[103],"distance":[104],"(6MWD),":[105],"percentage":[106,224],"predicted":[107,219,295],"forced":[108],"vital":[109],"capacity":[110,262],"(FVC%":[111],"predicted),":[112],"St":[114],"George's":[115],"Respiratory":[116],"Questionnaire":[117],"(SGRQ)":[118],"total":[119,241],"score.":[120],"Mean":[121],"differences":[122],"(MDs)":[123],"95%":[125,192,200,226],"confidence":[126,143],"intervals":[127],"(CIs)":[128],"estimated.":[130],"RoB":[131],"2":[132],"CINeMA":[134],"used":[136],"assess":[138],"risk":[139],"bias":[141],"evidence.":[146,210],"Results:":[147],"Twenty-six":[148],"involving":[150],"1,409":[151],"participants":[152],"Compared":[155],"CON,":[157],"all":[158],"active":[159],"improved":[161,239],"6MWD,":[162,280],"MDs":[164],"ranging":[165],"29.46":[167],"m":[168,176],"AER":[170,188],"(95%":[171,179],"CI":[172,180,193,201,227],"11.82-47.10)":[173],"57.12":[175],"AER_RES_BREATH":[178,182,212,274],"41.76-72.48).":[181],"produced":[183],"greater":[184],"estimated":[185],"improvements":[186],"than":[187],"(MD":[189,197,222],"27.67":[190],"m,":[191,199],"4.25-51.08)":[194],"AER_RES":[196],"25.18":[198],"6.69-43.68),":[202],"although":[203],"these":[204],"comparisons":[205,284],"relied":[206],"mainly":[207],"indirect":[209],"Only":[211],"showed":[213,275],"a":[214],"small":[215],"improvement":[216],"FVC%":[218,294],"versus":[220],"CON":[221],"3.08":[223],"points,":[225],"0.05-6.12),":[228],"limited":[230,282],"robustness":[231],"low":[233],"confidence.":[234],"AER_RES,":[235],"AER_RES_BREATH,":[236],"MIND_BODY":[238],"SGRQ":[240],"scores":[242],"(MDs":[243],"10.08-15.20":[244],"points).":[245],"Findings":[246],"6MWD":[248],"most":[251],"robust":[252,298],"across":[253],"sensitivity":[254],"analyses.":[255],"Discussion:":[256],"improves":[259],"functional":[260],"may":[264],"improve":[265],"life":[269],"ILD.":[273],"strongest":[277],"signal":[278],"direct":[283],"preclude":[285],"its":[286],"designation":[287],"optimal":[290],"intervention.":[291],"Evidence":[292],"was":[296],"less":[297],"should":[300],"not":[301],"be":[302],"interpreted":[303],"evidence":[305],"modification.":[308],"Systematic":[309],"Review":[310],"Registration:":[311],"https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420261399024,":[312],"identifier":[313],"PROSPERO":[314],"CRD420261399024.":[315]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00"}