{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220987399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-74788-7","title":"Microstructure, thermal conductivity and mechanical anisotropy of DURACON 45M fabricated by laser-wire directed energy deposition","display_name":"Microstructure, thermal conductivity and mechanical anisotropy of DURACON 45M fabricated by laser-wire directed energy deposition","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220987399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-74788-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-74788-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-74788-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-74788-7","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-74788-7_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-74788-7_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091236583","display_name":"Josef Hodek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4013-9819","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4013-9819"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091996","display_name":"Comtes Fht (Czechia)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hzjtg80","country_code":"CZ","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091996"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Josef Hodek","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMTES FHT a.s.,R&D, 334 41, Dobrany, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4013-9819","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMTES FHT a.s.,R&D, 334 41, Dobrany, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091996"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087530703","display_name":"Petr Moty\u010dka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2493-0494","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2493-0494"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091996","display_name":"Comtes Fht (Czechia)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hzjtg80","country_code":"CZ","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091996"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petr Motycka","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMTES FHT a.s.,R&D, 334 41, Dobrany, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMTES FHT a.s.,R&D, 334 41, Dobrany, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091996"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082101372","display_name":"David Hradil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8869-6951","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8869-6951"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091996","display_name":"Comtes Fht (Czechia)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hzjtg80","country_code":"CZ","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091996"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Hradil","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMTES FHT a.s.,R&D, 334 41, Dobrany, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMTES FHT a.s.,R&D, 334 41, Dobrany, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091996"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093376015","display_name":"Matou\u0161 Uhl\u00edk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1304-0349","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1304-0349"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091996","display_name":"Comtes Fht (Czechia)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hzjtg80","country_code":"CZ","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091996"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matou\u0161 Uhl\u00edk","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMTES FHT a.s.,R&D, 334 41, Dobrany, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMTES FHT a.s.,R&D, 334 41, Dobrany, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091996"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083040255","display_name":"Zde\u0148ek Jansa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9742-1391","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9742-1391"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92715842","display_name":"University of West Bohemia in Pilsen","ror":"https://ror.org/040t43x18","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92715842"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zden\u011bk Jansa","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Technologies Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, 301 00, Pilsen, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Technologies Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, 301 00, Pilsen, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92715842"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090607573","display_name":"Pavel Salvetr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5717-267X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5717-267X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091996","display_name":"Comtes Fht (Czechia)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hzjtg80","country_code":"CZ","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091996"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pavel Salvetr","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMTES FHT a.s.,R&D, 334 41, Dobrany, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMTES FHT a.s.,R&D, 334 41, Dobrany, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091996"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091236583"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091996"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10705","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10705","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10840","display_name":"High Temperature Alloys and Creep","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10633","display_name":"Metallic Glasses and Amorphous Alloys","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fe-co-ni-alloys","display_name":"Fe-Ni-Co alloy","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-conductivity","display_name":"thermal conductivity","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-anisotropy","display_name":"mechanical anisotropy","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/columnar-grains","display_name":"columnar grains","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallographic-texture","display_name":"crystallographic texture","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-refinement","display_name":"grain refinement","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensile-strength","display_name":"tensile strength","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ductility","display_name":"ductility","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/build-direction","display_name":"build direction","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wrought-alloy-comparison","display_name":"wrought alloy comparison","score":0.45399999618530273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8453999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85725439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466686","display_name":"Anisotropy","level":2,"score":0.8118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97346530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005","display_name":"Thermal conductivity","level":2,"score":0.6474000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27805521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1326017","display_name":"Electron backscatter diffraction","level":3,"score":0.605400025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5893999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.5812000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64297162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1987070","display_name":"Deposition (geology)","level":3,"score":0.5498999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192191005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466491","display_name":"Grain size","level":2,"score":0.5126000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.5023999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776512210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5311608","display_name":"Ductility (Earth science)","level":3,"score":0.4636000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37756","display_name":"Alloy","level":2,"score":0.4555000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.32330000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131540310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564","display_name":"Conductivity","level":2,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.3151000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47908070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900515","display_name":"Grain boundary","level":3,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182508753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115605","display_name":"Tensile testing","level":3,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32938098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918398","display_name":"Magnetic anisotropy","level":4,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780320949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4765462","display_name":"Anisotropy energy","level":5,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-74788-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-74788-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-74788-7","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-74788-7_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-74788-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-74788-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-74788-7","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-74788-7_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220987399.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220987399.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2469890223","https://openalex.org/W2503161491","https://openalex.org/W2762367303","https://openalex.org/W3034685208","https://openalex.org/W4283015537"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411545696","https://openalex.org/W4416119710","https://openalex.org/W7172216950","https://openalex.org/W4405905529","https://openalex.org/W3117560799","https://openalex.org/W4405832051","https://openalex.org/W4390412179","https://openalex.org/W4401379200","https://openalex.org/W2462152533","https://openalex.org/W4413268509"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"High-thermal-conductivity":[1],"tool":[2],"materials":[3],"are":[4,33],"critical":[5],"for":[6,175],"reducing":[7],"cooling-limited":[8],"cycle":[9],"times":[10],"in":[11,59,96],"polymer":[12],"processing.":[13],"Microstructure,":[14],"mechanical":[15],"anisotropy":[16,139,182],"and":[17,41,119,149],"thermal":[18,73,127],"conductivity":[19,128],"of":[20,115,145,156,165],"the":[21,60,64,72,77,97,106,111,126,143,146,150,157,163,171],"Fe\u2013Co\u2013Ni":[22],"alloy":[23],"DURACON":[24,167],"45M":[25,168],"fabricated":[26],"by":[27],"laser-wire":[28],"directed":[29],"energy":[30],"deposition":[31],"(LW-DED)":[32],"investigated.":[34],"The":[35],"as-built":[36],"material":[37,80],"exhibits":[38],"near-full":[39],"density":[40],"a":[42,48,184],"direction-dependent":[43],"microstructure.":[44],"EBSD":[45],"analysis":[46],"showed":[47],"refined":[49],"grain":[50,53,83],"structure":[51],"with":[52],"sizes":[54,84],"predominantly":[55],"below":[56],"10":[57,87],"\u00b5m":[58],"X":[61],"direction,":[62],"while":[63,179],"Z":[65],"direction":[66,108],"contained":[67],"coarser":[68],"grains":[69,118],"elongated":[70,116],"along":[71,105],"gradient.":[74],"In":[75],"comparison,":[76],"wrought":[78],"base":[79,158],"(BM)":[81],"exhibited":[82],"mainly":[85],"around":[86],"\u00b5m.":[88],"Mechanical":[89],"testing":[90],"revealed":[91],"significantly":[92],"enhanced":[93],"tensile":[94],"strength":[95],"build":[98,107],"plane,":[99],"whereas":[100],"ductility":[101],"was":[102,140],"markedly":[103],"reduced":[104],"due":[109],"to":[110,154],"anisotropic":[112],"microstructure":[113],"consisting":[114],"columnar":[117],"crystallographic":[120],"texture.":[121],"Despite":[122],"these":[123],"microstructural":[124],"changes,":[125],"remained":[129,152],"high":[130],"(":[131],"$$\\sim$$":[132],"68":[133],"$$\\mathrm":[134],"{W\\,m^{-1}\\,K^{-1}}$$":[135],").":[136],"No":[137],"measurable":[138],"observed":[141],"within":[142],"uncertainty":[144],"present":[147],"measurements,":[148],"values":[151],"comparable":[153],"those":[155],"material.":[159],"These":[160],"results":[161],"demonstrate":[162],"potential":[164],"LW-DED":[166],"produced":[169],"using":[170],"investigated":[172],"processing":[173],"conditions":[174],"advanced":[176],"tooling":[177],"applications":[178],"emphasizing":[180],"build-direction":[181],"as":[183],"key":[185],"design":[186],"constraint.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00"}
