{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220987091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.26364908","title":"Cardiovascular and cancer mortality inversely associated with long-term ambient ultraviolet exposure across US Health Service Areas with UK Biobank corroboration","display_name":"Cardiovascular and cancer mortality inversely associated with long-term ambient ultraviolet exposure across US Health Service Areas with UK Biobank corroboration","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220987091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.26364908"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.06.26364908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.26364908","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.26364908","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/08/2026.10.06.26364908.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/08/2026.10.06.26364908.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046991192","display_name":"John MacMahon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8909-6564","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8909-6564"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John MacMahon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cytokind Inc., Intervale, New Hampshire, USA;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8909-6564","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cytokind Inc., Intervale, New Hampshire, USA;","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032727596","display_name":"Christopher J. Emig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0536-6257","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0536-6257"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Emig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0536-6257","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022756755","display_name":"Prue H. Hart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7207-6467","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7207-6467"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175234967","display_name":"The Kids Research Institute Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/01dbmzx78","country_code":"AU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175234967"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prue H Hart","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Kids Research Institute, University of Western Australia, Australia;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7207-6467","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Kids Research Institute, University of Western Australia, Australia;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175234967","https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157913408","display_name":"Benjamin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3655-8602","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3655-8602"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cytokind Inc., Intervale, New Hampshire, USA;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3655-8602","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cytokind Inc., Intervale, New Hampshire, USA;","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089042176","display_name":"Richard Weller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2550-9586","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2550-9586"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Weller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2550-9586","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056544632","display_name":"Chris J L Dibben","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1769-3774","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1769-3774"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Dibben","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1769-3774","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033529994","display_name":"Andrew C. Stevenson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1028-3668","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1028-3668"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Stevenson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1028-3668","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046991192"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11013","display_name":"Skin Protection and Aging","score":0.7440999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11013","display_name":"Skin Protection and Aging","score":0.7440999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10556","display_name":"Global Cancer Incidence and Screening","score":0.04839999973773956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10277","display_name":"Vitamin D Research Studies","score":0.040699999779462814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-mortality","display_name":"cardiovascular mortality","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-mortality","display_name":"cancer mortality","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-cancer","display_name":"lung cancer","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attributable-disease-burden","display_name":"attributable burden","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-vulnerability","display_name":"social vulnerability","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual-confounding","display_name":"residual confounding","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-service-areas","display_name":"health service areas","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uk-biobank","display_name":"UK Biobank","score":0.7139999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116567970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864217","display_name":"Biobank","level":2,"score":0.9426000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8057000041007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.6137999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5684999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.4740999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25511272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295136","display_name":"Ecological study","level":3,"score":0.428600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776256026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47912","display_name":"Lung cancer","level":2,"score":0.41519999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.39480000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.3939000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.39149999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64946054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874476","display_name":"Bayesian multivariate linear regression","level":3,"score":0.3831000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.37229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018284874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389735","display_name":"Cardiovascular health","level":3,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29374701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931388","display_name":"Cause of death","level":3,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779668873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693756","display_name":"Lower risk","level":3,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201052633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5381223","display_name":"Environmental epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780192828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181257","display_name":"Prostate cancer","level":3,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49261128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132455","display_name":"Hazard","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.06.26364908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.26364908","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.26364908","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/08/2026.10.06.26364908.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.06.26364908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.26364908","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.26364908","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/08/2026.10.06.26364908.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220987091.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220987091.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585626527","https://openalex.org/W1605072294","https://openalex.org/W1893559493","https://openalex.org/W1968135922","https://openalex.org/W1978396334","https://openalex.org/W1984935883","https://openalex.org/W2021768540","https://openalex.org/W2029990621","https://openalex.org/W2036586400","https://openalex.org/W2036814938","https://openalex.org/W2068035703","https://openalex.org/W2098377388","https://openalex.org/W2104992176","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2117580741","https://openalex.org/W2133854503","https://openalex.org/W2154852580","https://openalex.org/W2155340433","https://openalex.org/W2301214167","https://openalex.org/W2560235353","https://openalex.org/W2590456273","https://openalex.org/W2591108052","https://openalex.org/W2734950853","https://openalex.org/W2748376953","https://openalex.org/W2768086605","https://openalex.org/W2769887687","https://openalex.org/W2789777285","https://openalex.org/W2796207838","https://openalex.org/W2804753859","https://openalex.org/W2899572198","https://openalex.org/W2944836516","https://openalex.org/W2952827414","https://openalex.org/W2964703987","https://openalex.org/W2997425740","https://openalex.org/W3007841636","https://openalex.org/W3011679498","https://openalex.org/W3043914288","https://openalex.org/W3133607710","https://openalex.org/W3168292738","https://openalex.org/W3205844782","https://openalex.org/W3207570418","https://openalex.org/W4206662285","https://openalex.org/W4210347219","https://openalex.org/W4288050384","https://openalex.org/W4288689704","https://openalex.org/W4296475187","https://openalex.org/W4308570787","https://openalex.org/W4362466634","https://openalex.org/W4362692912","https://openalex.org/W4392868330","https://openalex.org/W4395085687","https://openalex.org/W4399323741","https://openalex.org/W4401219429","https://openalex.org/W4410050705","https://openalex.org/W4411027171","https://openalex.org/W4413050495","https://openalex.org/W4413951109","https://openalex.org/W4414822744","https://openalex.org/W4415025048","https://openalex.org/W7124462769","https://openalex.org/W7136091757","https://openalex.org/W7140839478","https://openalex.org/W7161852417","https://openalex.org/W7163333950","https://openalex.org/W7163591960","https://openalex.org/W7167223718"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7124462769","https://openalex.org/W2155340433","https://openalex.org/W4401219429","https://openalex.org/W2148624446","https://openalex.org/W2148448794","https://openalex.org/W1998442790","https://openalex.org/W2090239878","https://openalex.org/W7154974625","https://openalex.org/W7223170181","https://openalex.org/W3141694085"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE":[0],"To":[1],"assess":[2,25],"associations":[3,205,218],"of":[4,37,42,94,190,222,264],"ambient":[5,46],"UV":[6,47,121,140,197,239],"with":[7,30,51,143,196,242,251],"cardiovascular":[8,80,145,244],"and":[9,22,27,48,59,68,84,96,111,130,151,161,174,183,188,208,245],"cancer":[10,88,113,228,246],"mortality":[11,44,153,187,247],"across":[12,219,248],"US":[13,57,66,128,166,182,249,273],"Health":[14],"Service":[15],"Areas":[16],"(HSAs),":[17],"prioritise":[18],"outcomes":[19],"by":[20,172],"signal":[21],"attributable":[23,125,253],"burden,":[24],"racial":[26],"ethnic":[28],"variation,":[29],"UK":[31,60,69,99,135,184,201,257],"Biobank":[32,70,100,136,258],"corroboration.":[33,262],"DESIGN":[34],"Ecological":[35],"analysis":[36],"HSAs":[38,58],"using":[39],"linear":[40],"regression":[41,115],"crude":[43],"on":[45],"social":[49],"vulnerability,":[50],"correction":[52],"for":[53,127,133,206],"multiple":[54],"comparisons.":[55],"SETTING":[56],"Biobank.":[61],"DATA":[62],"SOURCES":[63],"Publicly":[64],"available":[65],"data":[67,71],"accessed":[72],"under":[73],"Application":[74],"82526.":[75],"PARTICIPANTS":[76],"704":[77],"808":[78],"annual":[79,87],"deaths":[81,89,167],"(aged":[82,90],"\u226565)":[83],"565":[85],"287":[86],"\u226550)":[91],"from":[92],"populations":[93],"52.8":[95],"115.2":[97],"million;":[98],"analyses":[101,202],"included":[102],"412":[103],"665":[104],"individuals.":[105],"MAIN":[106],"OUTCOME":[107],"MEASURES":[108],"Cardiovascular,":[109],"all-cancer,":[110],"body-site-specific":[112,211],"mortality;":[114],"slope":[116],"per":[117],"interquartile-range":[118],"increase":[119],"in":[120,198,234],"(\u03b2":[122],"UV/IQR),":[123],"modelled":[124,252],"burden":[126],"data,":[129],"hazard":[131],"ratios":[132],"the":[134,199,220,230],"data.":[137],"RESULTS":[138],"Higher":[139,238],"was":[141,240],"associated":[142,195,241],"lower":[144,243],"(\u03b2UV/IQR":[146],"\u221268.3":[147],"deaths/100":[148],"000;":[149],"P<0.001)":[150],"all-cancer":[152,207],"(\u221243.2;":[154],"P<0.001),":[155],"corresponding":[156],"to":[157],"36":[158],"043":[159],"(5.1%)":[160],"49":[162],"789":[163],"(8.8%)":[164],"fewer":[165],"annually,":[168],"respectively.":[169],"Associations":[170],"varied":[171],"race":[173],"ethnicity.":[175],"Cardiovascular":[176],"findings":[177,259],"were":[178,193,225,268],"directionally":[179,216,269],"consistent":[180],"between":[181,271],"datasets.":[185,272],"All-cancer":[186],"10":[189],"18":[191,265],"cancers":[192,214,267],"inversely":[194],"US;":[200],"found":[203],"inverse":[204,232],"two":[209],"individual":[210],"cancers.":[212],"Twelve":[213,263],"showed":[215,229],"concordant":[217,270],"datasets,":[221],"which":[223],"ten":[224],"inverse.":[226],"Lung":[227],"strongest":[231],"association":[233],"each":[235],"dataset.":[236],"CONCLUSIONS":[237],"HSAs,":[250],"burdens":[254],"exceeding":[255],"5%;":[256],"provided":[260],"partial":[261],"site-specific":[266],"race-stratified":[274],"heterogeneity":[275],"did":[276],"not":[277],"follow":[278],"a":[279],"skin-colour":[280],"gradient,":[281],"suggesting":[282],"residual":[283],"confounding.":[284]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00"}